你最好的绘图助手. 使用 Tableau 绘制生物信息图形

Transcription

1 你最好的绘图助手 使用 Tableau 绘制生物信息图形

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3 The state of flow is when you stop thinking about the mechanics of product and just have fun asking questions of data. Broken is always happen because Data is complicated and is aggregated to different levels of detail Tool(like R) has a steep learning curve, even a experienced scientist can not intuitive draw a plot It is Free!

4 2. Introducing Tableau interface

5 General

6 Page Shelf Page Shelf creates a set of pages, with a different view on each page.

7 Filter Shelf Filter Shelf allows you to add or remove data from your view.

8 Filter Shelf Filter Shelf allows you to add or remove data from your view.

9 Row/Column Shelf Row is treated as the X-Axis and Column as Y-Axis.

10 Marks Card Shelf Marks Card can enhance visualization by setting mark properties: color, size, label, detail, path or shapes.

11 Understand composition of a sheet

12 3. Before draw your chart

13 1) Narrow data structure Why narrow and tall? Data reshaping tool: Installing and Troubleshooting the Tableau Add-In for Reshaping Data in Excel Or Data inteprator in Tableau

14 2) Import data Excel Text File Access Statistical File, or Other Database file.

15 3) Join Why we join?

16 How we join?

17 4) Data type

18 5) Addressing and Partitioning For each Region, calculate the Percent of Total for every Category. Note: When using the Compute using > menu shortcut, this will set whatever you select into the addressing ( for every ) box, and every other dimension used in the view to the partitioning box. 上面说得很抽象, 简单说来 Addressing, 对一个数字如何计算 Partitioning, 如何把此列分类

19 6) Level of detail(lod) Multiple levels of granularity exist in a single visualization, only deepest level of detail in this database is a unique item. the results for a calculation such as SUM([Sales]) depend on the context. The context is defined by the filters and level of detail. Dimensions separated by rows, columns, color, size, label, detail or path shelves are the level of detail for the sheet.

20 Include : It is great when you want to calculate at a fine level of detail in the database then re-aggregate and show at a coarser level of detail in your visualization and/or when you want your calculation s level of detail change when you drill down or add more dimensions to your Sheet. Exclude : It is great for percent of total or difference from overall average scenarios. Can be considered as the written/textual representation of features like Totals and Reference Lines. include 更细,exclude 更粗 {fixed [Segment] : SUM([Sales])} is getting replicated value in each Segment. If your calculation has finer level of detail, Tableau will aggregate the results as needed such that there is only one value for each mark. In the example below {fixed [Segment], [Category] : SUM([Sales])} is getting AVG ed up to one value per segment (assume that the pill in the sheet has AVG as aggregation). Using table calculations as filters, will just hide marks without changing other filter result.

21 example question: Which status in the abundance matrix has gene which have the maximum expression on average? What we want to do is: 1. Find the biggest expression of each gene, and then 2. Average those biggest expression by status. This question is multi-faceted, but it is easy to answer with an LOD expression: to calculate the average maximum expression per gene

22 Another example SUM([Sales]) / ATTR({FIXED : SUM([Sales])}) This calculation will give you the ratio of a state s sales to total sales. If you then put [State] on the Filters shelf to hide some of the states, the filter will affect only the numerator 分子 in the calculation. Since the denominator is a FIXED level of detail expression, it will still divide the sales for the states still in the view against the total sales for all states including the ones that have been filtered out of the view.

23 How to know your LOD is right using a spreadsheet that lists the dimensions, their values, and uses color-coding for included & excluded dimensions

24 Here s the first LOD expression that returns the COUNTD(Customer ID) per Category for each State: {INCLUDE [Category] : COUNTD([Customer ID])} And here s that calc in a view with State & Category as dimensions. We can see that COUNTD(Customer ID) is the same as the SUM, AVG, and MAX of our LOD calc:

25 Since the goal is to return the max COUNTD(Customer ID) for each Category, the MAX(CountD per Category) works. But we don t want that to be returned as an aggregate in the view, we want that as a record-level calc so a comparison can be made. The following Max CountD per Cat in State calc does that: {INCLUDE : MAX([CountD per Category])}

26 7) Action: link your sheets

27 8) Parameters: switch in chart

28 4. Actually draw your chart

29 4 Type of data visualization comparison bar box Area arrow pie small multiple timeline bollinger bump gantt sparkline streamgraph Location hierarchy