DATABASE SYSTEMS DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, AND MANAGEMENT CARLOS CORONEL STEVEN MORRIS PETER ROB

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2 DATABASE SYSTEMS DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, AND MANAGEMENT CARLOS CORONEL STEVEN MORRIS PETER ROB Australia Brazil Japan Korea Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States 2

3 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management, Tenth Edition Carlos Coronel, Steven Morris, and Peter Rob Publisher: Joe Sabatino Senior Acquisitions Editor: Charles McCormick, Jr. Senior Product Manager: Kate Mason Development Editor: Dan Seiter Editorial Assistant: Courtney Bavaro Marketing Director: Keri Witman Marketing Manager: Adam Marsh Senior Marketing Communications Manager: Libby Shipp Marketing Coordinator: Suellen Ruttkay Content Project Manager: Jennifer Feltri-George Media Editor: Chris Valentine Senior Art Director: Stacy Jenkins Shirley Cover Designer: LouAnn Thesing Cover Credit: istockphoto Manufacturing Coordinator: Julio Esperas Compositor: GEX Publishing Services 2013 Course Technology, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the prior written permission of the publisher. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at Further permissions questions can be ed to Some of the product names and company names used in this book have been used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective manufacturers and sellers. Library of Congress Control Number: ISBN-13: ISBN-10: Instructor Edition: ISBN-13: ISBN-10:

4 Cengage Learning 20 Channel Center Street Boston, MA USA Screenshots for this book were created using Microsoft Access and Visio, and were used with permission from Microsoft. Microsoft and the Office logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Course Technology, a part of Cengage Learning, is an independent entity from the Microsoft Corporation, and not affiliated with Microsoft in any manner. Oracle is a registered trademark, and Oracle11g and MySQL are trademarks of Oracle Corporation. iphone, ipad, and ipod are registered trademarks of Apple Inc. Course Technology, a part of Cengage Learning, reserves the right to revise this publication and make changes from time to time in its content without notice. Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local office at: international.cengage.com/region Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. To learn more about Course Technology, visit Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store: Printed in the United States of America Kindle textbooks are functionally equivalent to the print textbook. In some cases, individual items such as ancillary images or multimedia have been removed for digital delivery due to rights restrictions. 4

5 Dedication To the treasures in my life: To Victoria, for 21 wonderful years. Thank you for your unending support, for being my angel, my sweetie, and most importantly, my best friend. To Carlos Anthony for the many good times you have given us; you show us the way. Thank you for your words of wisdom, contagious happiness, and for bringing us shining days. You are still young; your best times are still to come. To Gabriela Victoria, who is the image of brilliance, beauty, and faithfulness. Thank you for being the sunshine in my cloudy days. To Christian Javier, whose endless energy and delightful smiles keep us going every day. Thank you for being the youthful reminder of life s simple beauties. To my parents, Sarah and Carlos, thank you for your sacrifice and example. To all of you, you are all my inspiration. TQTATA. Carlos Coronel To Pamela, from high school sweetheart through 22 years of marriage, the beautiful love of my life who has supported, encouraged, and inspired me. More than anyone else, you are responsible for whatever successes I have achieved. To my son, Alexander Logan, whose depth of character is without measure. You are my pride and joy. To my daughter, Lauren Elizabeth, whose beauty and intensity take my breath away. You are my heart and soul. Thank you all for the sacrifices you have made that enabled me to pursue this dream. I love you so much more than I can express. To my mother, Florence Maryann, and to the memory of my father, Alton Lamar, who together instilled in me the desire to learn and the passion to achieve. To my motherin-law, Connie Duke, and to the memory of my father-in-law, Wayne Duke, who taught me to find joy in all things. To all of you, with all my love, I dedicate this book. Steven Morris To Anne, who remains my best friend after 50 years of marriage. To our son, Peter William, who turned out to be the man we hoped he would be and who proved his wisdom by making Sheena our treasured daughter-in-law. To Sheena, who stole our hearts so many years ago. To our grandsons, Adam Lee and Alan Henri, who are growing up to be the fine human beings their parents are. To the memory of my mother-in-law, Nini Fontein, and to the memory of my father-in-law, Henri Fontein their life experiences in Europe and Southeast Asia would fill a history book, and they enriched my life by entrusting me with their daughter s future. To the memory of my parents, Hendrik and Hermine Rob, who rebuilt their lives after World War II s horrors, who did it again after a failed insurgency in Indonesia, and who finally found their promised land in these United States. To the memory of Heinz, who taught me daily lessons about loyalty, uncritical acceptance, and boundless understanding. And to the memory of Sissy Mae, who defined the meaning of perfection. I dedicate this book to you, with love. Peter Rob 5

6 BRIEF CONTENTS PART I: DATABASE CONCEPTS Chapter 1: Database Systems Chapter 2: Data Models PART II: DESIGN CONCEPTS Chapter 3: The Relational Database Model Chapter 4: Entity Relationship (ER) Modeling Chapter 5: Advanced Data Modeling Chapter 6: Normalization of Database Tables PART III: ADVANCED DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION Chapter 7: Introduction to Structured Query Language (SQL) Chapter 8: Advanced SQL Chapter 9: Database Design PART IV: ADVANCED DATABASE CONCEPTS Chapter 10: Transaction Management and Concurrency Control Chapter 11: Database Performance Tuning and Query Optimization Chapter 12: Distributed Database Management Systems Chapter 13: Business Intelligence and Data Warehouses PART V: DATABASES AND THE INTERNET Chapter 14: Database Connectivity and Web Technologies PART VI: DATABASE ADMINISTRATION Chapter 15: Database Administration and Security GLOSSARY INDEX The following appendixes are included on the Essentials Site or at the CourseMate site for this text, 6

7 APPENDIX A: APPENDIX B: APPENDIX C: APPENDIX D: APPENDIX E: APPENDIX F: APPENDIX G: APPENDIX H: APPENDIX I: APPENDIX J: APPENDIX K: APPENDIX L: DESIGNING DATABASES WITH VISIO PROFESSIONAL: A TUTORIAL THE UNIVERSITY LAB: CONCEPTUAL DESIGN THE UNIVERSITY LAB: CONCEPTUAL DESIGN VERIFICATION, LOGICAL DESIGN, AND IMPLEMENTATION CONVERTING AN ER MODEL INTO A DATABASE STRUCTURE COMPARISON OF ER MODEL NOTATIONS CLIENT/SERVER SYSTEMS OBJECT-ORIENTED DATABASES UNIFIED MODELING LANGUAGE (UML) DATABASES IN ELECTRONIC COMMERCE WEB DATABASE DEVELOPMENT WITH COLDFUSION THE HIERARCHICAL DATABASE MODEL THE NETWORK DATABASE MODEL APPENDIX M: MICROSOFT ACCESS TUTORIAL APPENDIX N: APPENDIX O: CREATING A NEW DATABASE USING ORACLE 11G DATA WAREHOUSE IMPLEMENTATION FACTORS The Essentials Site and CourseMate Site for this text are available at Locate your access cards in the front of each new book purchase, and click Create My Account to begin the registration process. If you purchased a used book, search for Database Systems, Tenth Edition at where you can purchase instant access. 7

8 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I DATABASE CONCEPTS Business Vignette CHAPTER 1 DATABASE SYSTEMS 1.1 Why Databases? 1.2 Data vs. Information 1.3 Introducing the Database Role and Advantages of the DBMS Types of Databases 1.4 Why Database Design is Important 1.5 Evolution of File System Data Processing Manual File Systems Computerized File Systems File System Redux: Modern End-User Productivity Tools 1.6 Problems with File System Data Processing Structural and Data Dependence Data Redundancy Lack of Design and Data-Modeling Skills 1.7 Database Systems The Database System Environment DBMS Functions Managing the Database System: A Shift in Focus 1.8 Preparing for Your Database Professional Career Summary Key Terms Review Questions Problems CHAPTER 2 DATA MODELS 2.1 Data Modeling and Data Models 2.2 The Importance of Data Models 2.3 Data Model Basic Building Blocks 2.4 Business Rules Discovering Business Rules Translating Business Rules into Data Model Components Naming Conventions 8

9 2.5 The Evolution of Data Models Hierarchical and Network Models The Relational Model The Entity Relationship Model The Object-Oriented (OO) Model Object/Relational and XML Emerging Data Models: Big Data and NoSQL Data Models: A Summary 2.6 Degrees of Data Abstraction The External Model The Conceptual Model The Internal Model Summary Key Terms Review Questions Problems PART II DESIGN CONCEPTS Business Vignette CHAPTER 3 THE RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL 3.1 A Logical View of Data Tables and Their Characteristics 3.2 Keys Dependencies Types of Keys 3.3 Integrity Rules 3.4 Relational Set Operators 3.5 The Data Dictionary and the System Catalog 3.6 Relationships within the Relational Database The 1:M Relationship The 1:1 Relationship The M:N Relationship 3.7 Data Redundancy Revisited 3.8 Indexes 3.9 Codd s Relational Database Rules Summary Key Terms Review Questions 9

10 Problems CHAPTER 4 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP (ER) MODELING 4.1 The Entity Relationship Model (ERM) Entities Attributes Relationships Connectivity and Cardinality Existence Dependence Relationship Strength Weak Entities Relationship Participation Relationship Degree Recursive Relationships Associative (Composite) Entities 4.2 Developing an ER Diagram 4.3 Database Design Challenges: Conflicting Goals Summary Key Terms Review Questions Problems Cases CHAPTER 5 ADVANCED DATA MODELING 5.1 The Extended Entity Relationship Model Entity Supertypes and Subtypes Specialization Hierarchy Inheritance Subtype Discriminator Disjoint and Overlapping Constraints Completeness Constraint Specialization and Generalization 5.2 Entity Clustering 5.3 Entity Integrity: Selecting Primary Keys Natural Keys and Primary Keys Primary Key Guidelines When to Use Composite Primary Keys When to Use Surrogate Primary Keys 5.4 Design Cases: Learning Flexible Database Design Design Case 1: Implementing 1:1 Relationships Design Case 2: Maintaining History of Time-Variant Data 10

Course Book Academic Year

Nawroz University College of Computer and IT Department of Computer Science Stage: Third Course Book Academic Year 2015-2016 Subject Advanced Database No. of Hours No. of Units 6 Distribution of Marks