GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem
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1 GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem Leandro Pacheco Raluca Halalai Valerio Schiavoni Fernando Pedone Etienne Rivière Pascal Felber RainbowFS Workshop May 3rd, 2017
2 Distributed applications GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 2
3 Distributed applications GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 2
4 Distributed applications GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 2
5 Distributed applications? GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 2
6 Distributed applications Distributed Storage GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 2
7 Distributed applications Distributed Storage SQL Databases NoSQL Databases Key-value storage Coordination Systems Caches File Systems GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 2
8 Distributed applications Distributed Storage SQL Databases NoSQL Databases Key-value storage Coordination Systems Caches File Systems Easy interoperability for existing aplications GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 2
9 Global infrastructure Amazon s AWS global infrastructure GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 3
10 CAP theorem Weak Consistency Lower latency Higher availability Possibly incorrect/unexpected results Strong Consistency Clear semantics and guarantees Easier to reason about Block instead of providing incorrect results GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 4
11 What is GlobalFS? Geographically distributed filesystem Familiar interface (POSIX) Strong consistency Fault-tolerance through replication Flexible performance through locality GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 5
12 Overall design Separate data and metadata Partial replication Metadata protocol exploiting atomic multicast Causal reads GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 6
13 Separate data and metadata Immutable data Variable sized blobs Metadata Controls file contents, properties and filesystem structure Metadata refers to data blobs GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 7
14 Partial replication Immutable data is simple to replicate consistently Metadata is partitioned between replica groups (i.e., partitions) GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 8
15 Partial replication US EU SA GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 9
16 Partial replication US EU / www bin etc home SA alice bob mark GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 10
17 Partial replication US EU / www bin etc home SA alice bob mark US SA EU GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 11
18 Partial replication US EU Global Replication / www bin etc home SA alice bob mark US SA EU GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 12
19 Partial replication US EU Global Replication / www bin etc home SA alice bob mark Local US multicast SA EU - fast updates - local or remote reads GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 13
20 US Partial replication Global multicast (global replication) - costly updates - Global fast local Replication reads / EU www bin etc home SA alice bob mark Local US multicast SA EU - fast updates - local or remote reads GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 14
21 Partial ordering GlobalFS exploits atomic multicast Atomic delivery to groups of processes Partial ordering: messages for different groups don t have to be ordered betweem themselves Partial ordering is critical for scalability GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 15
22 Architecture Metadata replicas Send read or update commands Atomic multicast Application Client (FUSE) Data store Insert or fetch immutable data GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 16
23 Consistent update operations Step 1 Write data blobs to data store Step 2 Issue a metadata update GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 17
24 Consistent update operations Step 1 Write data blobs to data store Step 2 Issue a metadata update Req Single-partition Reply Req Uncoordinated multi-partition Reply Req Coordinated multi-partition Reply G 1 G 1 G 1 G 2 G 2 G 2 write to file in G 1 write to file in {G 1,G 2 } move file from G 1 to G 2 Atomic Multicast Execution GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 17
25 Causal read operations Causally related updates are seen in the same order e.g., operations done by the same client GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 18
26 Causal read operations Causally related updates are seen in the same order e.g., operations done by the same client Client A Creates an image cat.jpg Modifies a page pets.html to include the image cat.jpg GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 18
27 Causal read operations Causally related updates are seen in the same order e.g., operations done by the same client Client A Creates an image cat.jpg Modifies a page pets.html to include the image cat.jpg Client B Opens the pets.html page and finds a broken image reference Where is the cat? GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 18
28 Causal read operations Step 1 Contact a metadata replica for a list of blob ids Step 2 Get the data from the data store Approach inspired by vector clocks Vector is composed of one counter per replica group GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 19
29 Evaluation Complete prototype in Java Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE) URingPaxos for atomic multicast Global deployment using Amazon EC2 GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 20
30 Maximum throughput by operation GlobalFS throughput Operations/sec read 1KB GlobalFS CalvinFS Locality local write 1KB local create 1KB glob. write 1KB glob. create 1KB 3 region deployment US west, US east and Europe GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 21
31 Geographical scalability 1 Region 3 Regions 6 Regions 9 Regions Geographical Scalability ops 6882 ops 3072 ops Ideal read 1KB create write 1KB Normalized throughput per region as more regions are added 9 regions uses all EC2 regions available at the time GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 22
32 GlobalFS: Summary Strong consistency at global scale Simple and familiar API (POSIX) Flexible performance through partial replication and locality Cheap causal read operations GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 23
33 GlobalFS: Summary Strong consistency at global scale Simple and familiar API (POSIX) Flexible performance through partial replication and locality Cheap causal read operations Thank you! Leandro Pacheco GlobalFS: A Strongly Consistent Multi-Site Filesystem - Leandro Pacheco 23
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