Relational Data Services. Basics

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1 Bernd Dowedeit, IBM Research & Development Boeblingen,Germany November 2013 Relational Data Services Basics

2 Copyright and Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2013 The following names are trademarks of the IBM Corp. in USA and/or other countries and may be used throughout this presentation: CICS, DB2, IBM, IMS, ITM, NetView, OMEGAMON, RMF, RACF, S/390, Tivoli, VTAM, WebSphere, z/os, zseries, System z, Linux on System z Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. 2 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

3 Introduction.. This Presentation refers to Relation Data Services provided by System Automation z/os V3.4 + OA43387 It is strongly recommended to install OA43387 since it provides important bug fixes performance improvements new functions Relation Data Services = RDS Documentation SA Customizing and Programming, Chapter 11 SA Programming Reference, INGRDS HELP INGRDS on SA/NetView console 3 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

4 Introduction.. RDS is an access method for SA unique data repository RDS keeps RDS tables similar to SQL tables RDS provides simply API similar to the SQL API RDS table is a set of data elements, called table cell. Its value is a string. RDS table has vertical columns and horizontal rows RDS table has a specified number of columns RDS table can have any number of rows * Unlimited number of RDS tables * * limit is free memory in address space 4 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

5 Introduction.. Example of a RDS table with 3 columns (name, first_name, city) 3 rows column width defines up to 12 characters NAME FIRST_NAME CITY BOND JAMES LONDON MONROE MARILYN LOS ANGELES KENNEDY JOHN WASHINGTON 5 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

6 Introduction.. RDS commands used to create, insert and display the sample table INGRDS create tab1 columns(name char(12), first_name char(12), city char(12)) INGRDS insert tab1 columns(name first_name city) values('bond','james','london') INGRDS insert tab1 columns(name first_name city) values('monroe','marilyn','los Angeles') INGRDS insert tab1 columns(name first_name city) values('kennedy',john','washington') INGRDS query tab1 format(texthdr) 6 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

7 RDS Data Repository RDS tables are stored in memory of the SA/NetView address space Number and size of RDS tables are limited to the amount of available memory In-memory tables are always accessible however they are volatile NetView recyle will free memory and free tables RDS can be made persistent Define VSAM file (see sample job ING.SINGSAMP(INGEMUVS)) VSAM file is unique per SA/NetView Agent Define DD INGEMUGL in NetView startup job (optional) import RDS archive application 7 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

8 RDS Persistent Data Repository RDS table can be made persistent on two ways 1. Use manually command 'INGRDS archive table' 2. Start the RDS archive application Command INGRDS ARCHIVE saves the current snapshot of a specific table into the VSAM file RDS Archive Application runs every nn seconds in background task AOFRDSAR and saves all changes in all tables into VSAM file periodically Import from sample policy *IBMCOMP APL resource RDSARCH APG group RDS_ARCHIVER AOP entry RDS_AUTOOPS (operator function AOFRDSAR) SA restores all persistent RDS tables from VSAM files into memory during SA/NetView startup when DD INGEMUGL exist. 8 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

9 Command INGRDS The command INGRDS implements the Relation Data Services and provides a wide range of functions: Function Description * CREATE Creates a relational data table and defines the column specification. INSERT Inserts a row into the table. If a column is not specified it will be NULL. DELETE Deletes row(s) in the table. The WHERE clause is a filter what rows are deleted. UPDATE Update existing row(s). The WHERE clause is a filter and SET overwrites the columns. QUERY Displays a table with specified columns. Default is columns(*). WHERE clause is filter. DROP Deletes the entire table and all data of this table. COPY Copies an existing table into a none-existing new table. EXIST Checks if a table already exist. GET/PUT GET-PUT-Sequence providesmass update capabilities. IMPORT Imports a table from a backup dataset EXPORT Exports a table into a backup dataset EDIT Invokes the ISPF editor (TSO only) in order to edit a table. Table will be modified. VIEW Invokes the ISPF editor (TSO only) in order to view or browse a table. LIST Shows a list of tables. LOCK Assigns a lock-token to a table in order to protect it against changes. UNLOCK Removes the lock-token. * for detailed description see SA Programmer's Reference 9 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

10 INGRDS CREATE - Creating a RDS Tables INGRDS CREATE table COLUMNS( name char(10), first_name char(20), city char(30) ) Via COLUMNS() you specify all column names of your table Each column has a specific maximum length which you define by char(nn) Column specifications must be separated by comma Functions insert, update, truncate, etc. will truncate the input strings if larger nn characters. INGRDS LIST Display all RDS tables that were created INGRDS EXIST table Checks if the specified RDS tables exist (rc=0) or does not exist (rc=104) 10 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

11 INGRDS INSERT Inserting a Row INGRDS INSERT table COLUMNS(name, first_name, city) VALUES('Bond','James','London') Via COLUMNS() you specify all or a subset of column names Each column name must be defined by INGRDS CREATE. Via VALUES() you specify the list of values according to the order in COLUMNS() Input strings must be enclosed by quotes 'aaa' or bbb You may specify hex string such as 'FF'x or '00'x A value may include a quote itself, in this case you must specify this quote twice, e.g. VALUES('a''a','bb') Omitted columns will get assigned the NULL value per default. There is also a way to insert many rows at a time using the parameter STEM. For details Presentation about INGRDS Enhancements OA IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

12 INGRDS UPDATE Updating Rows INGRDS UPDATE table WHERE(NAME='Bond') SET(FIRST_NAME='James',CITY='London') The entire table is searched for matching rows according to the where-clause Via SET() you specify the name value pairs for the columns to be updated per row Each column name must be defined by INGRDS CREATE For the input strings same rule apply as for INSERT There is also a way to update many rows at a time using a GET-PUT-Sequence. For details Presentation about INGRDS Enhancements OA IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

13 INGRDS DELETE Deleting Rows INGRDS DELETE table WHERE(NAME='Bond') Via WHERE() you search the rows to be deleted The entire table is searched for matching rows according to the where-clause If all rows are deleted the table is empty but it still exist 13 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

14 INGRDS DROP Deleting a Table INGRDS PURGE table Deletes the table and all contained data. Function EXIST will return return code 104 when searching for the table 14 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

15 INGRDS QUERY Querying for Table Rows INGRDS QUERY table WHERE(NAME='Bond') FORMAT() OUTPUT() STEM() NULL() The entire table is searched for matching rows according to the where-clause All matching rows are provided in the specified output format FORMAT(TEXT TEXTHDR TEXTTAB FB80) OUTPUT(LINE QUEUE) OUTPUT(STEM) STEM(NAME) NULL(null-display-string) Examples INGRDS QUERY table displays all rows to console INGRDS QUERY table OUTPUT(STEM) STEM(out.) NULL('my_null') FORMAT(TEXTHDR) writes all rows into stem out. With column header. Table cells with value '00'x will be shown via my own NULL display string. INGRDS QUERY table WHERE( name='bond' AND city<>'london' ) displays all rows with name Bond that do not reside in London 15 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

16 INGRDS EXPORT Exporting a table INGRDS EXPORT table FORMAT(TEXTTAB FB80) OUTPUT() STEM() NULL() Export can be used to backup a RDS table Converts the entire table into specified format and stores it finally on output Output could be a sequential dataset or member of a PDS, STEM, QUEUE or console. You can also specify the NULL-display-string, but only for TEXTTAB. Examples INGRDS EXPORT table displays exported table to console INGRDS EXPORT table OUTPUT(STEM) STEM(out.) NULL('my_null') writes exported table into stem out. Table cells with value '00'x will be shown via my own NULL display string. INGRDS EXPORT table DSNAME(my.data.set) FORMAT(TEXTAB) exports the table into a dataset with the TEXTAB format 16 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

17 INGRDS IMPORT Importing a table INGRDS IMPORT table... Import can be used to restore a RDS table from a backup format You can import from a sequential dataset or member of a PDS or a STEM. Examples INGRDS IMPORT table DSNAME(my.data.set) imports from a sequential dataset INGRDS IMPORT table STEM(in.) imports from a STEM with name in. 17 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

18 INGRDS LOCK UNLOCK You can attach/remove a lock-token to/from a RDS table INGRDS LOCK table TOKEN(xyz) INGRDS UNLOCK table TOKEN(xyz) If you specify * instead of xyz a default token will be generated The lock-token protects the table from unwanted modifications Specify the lock-token as parameter of INGRDS in order to gain access Example INGRDS UPDATE table TOKEN(xyz) IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

19 INGRDS WHERE-clause.. Syntax: WHERE( [NOT] {predicate} [AND OR [NOT] predicate]... ) Example: WHERE( NAME= Bond AND UPPER(CITY) = LONDON' ) A predicate is an expression that can be true or false. For example NAME= Bond There are following types of predicates: 1. comparison predicates 2. IN predicate 3. LIKE predicate. Note: A comparison predicate may also contain character-functions which modifies a column or a literal. Following character functions are supported: SUBSTR (CITY FROM 5 FOR 4) = York /*substring from New York */ UPPER (NAME) = BOND LOWER(CITY) = london Note: The WHERE-Clause will be evaluated as a REXX expression. This implies that any REXX rule for REXX expressions also applies to the WHERE-Clause. 19 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

20 INGRDS WHERE-clause.. 1. Comparison predicate compares column with value: colname relationaloperator value The relationaloperator can be any of the following: = equal <> not equal > greater than >= greater than or equal to < less than <= less than or equal to For example: NAME = Bond 2. IN predicate checks if a column or literal is contained in an enumeration of up to 19 strings. For example: NAME IN( Ashton, Bond, Connery, Jones, Tong ) 3. LIKE predicate compares a column with a pattern % means any characters. _ means one single character. \ is the hardcoded escape character. For example NAME LIKE %on% NAME LIKE _on_ NAME LIKE a\_bc_ Bond, Connery, Jones, Tong Bond, Tong e.g. a_bcd 20 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

21 INGRDS WHERE-clause.. REXX Example: A complex WHERE clause that combines all supported predicates including character functions: table = sample /*define query*/ where_clause =, "(NAME= Bond AND CITY <> London )", "OR ( James <> FIRST_NAME)" "OR NOT (CITY= Berlin )", "AND CITY IN ( Paris, London, New York )", "AND FIRST_NAME LIKE %ame% ", "AND SUBSTR (CITY FROM 4 FOR 3)= don ", "AND UPPER (NAME)=UPPER( james ), "AND LOWER (NAME)= james /*execute query*/ INGRDS QUERY table WHERE( where_clause ) OUTPUT(STEM) STEM(out.) FORMAT(TEXT) /*show query output*/ if (rc = 0) then do i=1 to out.0 say out.i end 21 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

22 Performance The initial version from INGRDS provided by SA 3.4 had some performance limitations Install OA43387 to get performance improvements For more details, see presentation about OA IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

23 Some Restrictions and Limitations INGRDS has some limitation and restrictions compared to SQL For details see SA Programmer's Reference or say HELP INGRDS on SA/NetView console. 23 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

24 RDS Table Editor (TSO only)... Designed to include easily data from external sources RDS table exchanged between TSO and NetView Protected via lock-token while editing a table Requires ISPF editor in order to edit/save changes at the RDS table TSO invocation: INGRCRDX EDIT table Requires SA Command Receiver Requires RDS working dataset (PDS) must be accessible (RACF Update) from NetView and TSO must be made know to TSO users via SA/NetView AAO AOF_AAO_RDS_TSO_DSN=HLQ.RDS.WORK How to setup, see SA Customizing and Programming, Chapter IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

25 RDS Table Editor (TSO only)... 1st line: 2nd line: 3rd line: 4th line: Defines the table name and length of columns. Name of the columns. multiples of - as many as column length First data row of table Note: There must be one blank between each column. This blank is used to perform a sanity-check that columns do not overlay by mistake. 25 IBM Germany Research & Development - Boeblingen

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Skill Transfer Relational Data Services (INGRDS) Externals. System Automation z/os Version 3.4 and 3.3

Skill Transfer Relational Data Services (INGRDS) Externals. System Automation z/os Version 3.4 and 3.3 Skill Transfer Externals System Automation z/os Version 3.4 and 3.3 Bernd Dowedeit IBM Lab Böblingen/Germany Last Update 2011-09-19 1 Command INGRDS provides access methods for relational data tables.