Oracle Database 10g: New Features for Administrators

Transcription

1 Oracle Database 10g: New Features for Administrators Volume II Student Guide D17079GC21 Edition 2.1 October 2005 D22244

2 Authors Christine Jeal Janet Stern Jean-Francois Verrier Technical Contributors and Reviewers Troy Anthony David Austin Mirella Avila John Beresniewicz Tom Best Harald van Breederode Mary Bryska Timothy Chien Donna Cooksey Andy Fortunak Joel Goodman Donna Hamby Magnus Isaksson Pete Jones Pierre Labrousse Dominique Laugraud Stefan Lindblad Yi Lu Venkat Maddali Paul Manning Sabiha Miri Srinivas Putrevu Mark Ramacher James Spiller S Matt Taylor Branislav Valny Anthony Woodell Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Disclaimer This document contains proprietary information and is protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws. You may copy and print this document solely for your own use in an Oracle training course. The document may not be modified or altered in any way. Except where your use constitutes "fair use" under copyright law, you may not use, share, download, upload, copy, print, display, perform, reproduce, publish, license, post, transmit, or distribute this document in whole or in part without the express authorization of Oracle. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the document, please report them in writing to: Oracle University, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, California USA. This document is not warranted to be error-free. Restricted Rights Notice If this documentation is delivered to the United States Government or anyone using the documentation on behalf of the United States Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS The U.S. Government s rights to use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose these training materials are restricted by the terms of the applicable Oracle license agreement and/or the applicable U.S. Government contract. Trademark Notice Oracle, JD Edwards, PeopleSoft, and Retek are registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Publisher Nita Brozowski

3 Contents Introduction Overview I-2 Today s IT Infrastructure I-3 How DBAs Spent Their Time Before Oracle Database 10g I-4 Grid Computing I-5 Oracle Ecosystem I-6 Enterprise Grid Computing I-7 Implement One from Many I-8 Manage Many as One I-10 Readily Available Product Controls I-12 Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control I-13 Oracle Database 10g: The Database for the Grid I-14 Suggested Additional Courses I-15 Oracle Database 10g Manageability Goals I-16 Database Management Challenges I-17 Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database I-18 How Oracle Database 10g DBAs Spend Their Time I-19 Further Information I-20 Suggested Schedule I-21 1 Installation Objectives 1-2 Installation Methods 1-3 Installation: New Feature Support 1-4 Performance Enhancements to Installation 1-5 Checking the Preinstallation Requirements 1-6 Miscellaneous Installation Enhancements 1-7 Response File Improvements 1-8 CD Pack Contents 1-9 Management Options 1-10 File Storage Options 1-11 Backup and Recovery Options 1-12 Passwords 1-13 Grid Control Components 1-14 Managed Targets for Grid Control 1-16 Oracle Management Service 1-17 Oracle Management Repository 1-18 Grid Control Console: Home 1-19 Grid Control Console: Targets 1-20 Managing Very Large Grids 1-21 Summary 1-22 iii

4 2 Server Configuration Objectives 2-2 Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA): Enhancements 2-3 Using Database Control for Management 2-5 SYSAUX and DBCA 2-6 Database Control: Overview 2-7 Important EM Agent Directories 2-8 Configuring Database Control 2-9 Managing Database Control Components 2-10 Database Home Page: Overview 2-11 Database Control Setup Pages 2-13 Database Control Preferences Pages 2-14 Net Services Administration Pages 2-15 Database Feature Usage: Statistics Collection 2-16 Database Feature Usage: EM Interface 2-17 Database Feature Usage: HWM Page 2-18 Policy Framework 2-19 Policy Violations Page 2-20 Manage Policy Violations Page 2-22 Rule Violation Page 2-24 Manage Policy Library Page 2-25 Simplified Initialization Parameters 2-26 Viewing Initialization Parameters 2-27 Irreversible Data File Compatibility 2-28 Enabling isql*plus DBA Access 2-29 Accessing isql*plus DBA from EM 2-30 Summary 2-31 Practice 2: Overview Data Pump, SQL*Loader, and External Tables Objectives 3-2 Data Pump: Overview 3-3 Data Pump: General Architecture 3-4 Data Pump Export and Import: Overview 3-5 Data Pump Export and Import: Benefits 3-6 General Implementation: Overview 3-8 Data Pump Direct Path: Considerations 3-9 Data Pump File Locations 3-10 Data Pump File Naming and Size 3-12 Data Pump Utility: Interfaces and Modes 3-13 Data Pump and Filtering 3-14 Data Pump Import Transformations 3-15 Data Pump Job Monitoring Views 3-17 Database Control and Data Pump 3-18 Using EM to Monitor Data Pump Jobs 3-19 iv

5 Parallel Full Export and Import: Examples 3-20 Limited Schema Export: Example 3-21 Network Mode Import: Example 3-22 Attaching to Existing Job: Example 3-23 Restarting a Stopped Job: Example 3-24 Data-Only Unload: Example 3-25 Loading Data from Flat Files by Using EM 3-26 External Table Population: Overview 3-27 External Table Population Operation 3-28 External Table Parallel Populate Operation 3-29 External Table Population: Example 3-30 External Table Projected Columns 3-31 External Table Projected Column: Examples 3-32 Summary 3-33 Practice 3: Overview Database and Tablespace Data Movements Objectives 4-2 Cross-Platform Transportable Tablespaces 4-3 Minimum Compatibility Level 4-4 Transportable Tablespace Procedure 4-5 Determining the Endian Format of a Platform 4-6 Data File Conversion: Examples 4-7 CLOB Exception 4-8 Using Database Control to Transport Tablespaces 4-9 Generating Transportable Tablespace Sets 4-10 Specifying Destination Characteristics 4-11 Specifying Conversion Information 4-12 Specifying the Files Transfer Mode 4-13 Database Transportation: Overview 4-14 Database Transportation Procedure 4-15 Database Transportation: Conversion 4-16 Database Transportation: Example Database Transportation: Example Database Transportation: Generated Pfile 4-19 Database Transportation: Generated SQL Script 4-20 Database Transportation: Generated RMAN Script 4-22 Database Transportation: Considerations 4-23 DBMS_TDB Package 4-24 Database Cloning Using Database Control 4-25 Transport Tablespace from Backup: Overview 4-26 Transport Tablespace from Backup: Implementation 4-27 Transport Tablespace from Backup: Example 4-28 Versioning Tablespaces 4-29 v

6 Versioned Tablespaces: Usage Scenarios 4-30 Tablespace Repository 4-31 CLONE_TABLESPACES 4-32 CLONE_TABLESPACES: Example 4-33 DETACH_TABLESPACES 4-34 DETACH_TABLESPACES: Example 4-35 ATTACH_TABLESPACES 4-36 ATTACH_TABLESPACES: Example 4-37 Managing a File Group Repository 4-38 File Group Repository Catalog 4-41 File Group Repository Catalog Views 4-42 File Group Repository Privileges 4-43 Privileges for Versioning Tablespaces 4-45 Summary 4-46 Practice 4: Overview Automatic Management Objectives 5-2 Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 5-3 Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor: Overview 5-4 ADDM Performance Monitoring 5-5 ADDM Methodology 5-6 Top Performance Issues Detected 5-7 Database Control and ADDM Findings 5-8 ADDM Analysis Results 5-9 ADDM Recommendations 5-10 Database Control and ADDM Task 5-11 Changing ADDM Attributes 5-12 Retrieving ADDM Reports by Using SQL 5-13 Automatic Shared Memory Management: Overview 5-14 SGA Tuning Principles 5-15 Benefits of Automatic Shared Memory Management 5-16 Automatic Shared Memory Management 5-17 SGA Advisor 5-18 Manual Configuration 5-19 Behavior of Autotuned SGA Parameters 5-20 Behavior of Manually Tuned SGA Parameters 5-21 Using the V$PARAMETER View 5-22 Resizing SGA_TARGET 5-23 Disabling Automatic Shared Memory Management 5-24 Manually Resizing Dynamic SGA Parameters 5-25 Automatic Segment Advisor: Overview 5-26 AUTO_SPACE_ADVISOR_JOB 5-27 Controlling AUTO_SPACE_ADVISOR_JOB 5-28 vi

7 Viewing Latest Automatic Segment Advisor Recommendations 5-29 Automatic Optimizer Statistics Collection: Overview 5-30 GATHER_STATS_JOB 5-31 Controlling GATHER_STATS_JOB 5-32 Changing the Default Schedule 5-33 Automatic Undo Retention Tuning 5-34 Automatic Checkpoint Tuning 5-35 Automatically Tuned Multiblock Reads 5-36 Summary 5-37 Practice 5: Overview Manageability Infrastructure Objectives 6-2 Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 6-3 Automatic Workload Repository 6-4 Automatic Workload Repository: Overview 6-5 Automatic Workload Repository Data 6-6 Active Session History 6-7 Generate ASH Reports 6-8 Base Statistics and Metrics 6-9 Workload Repository 6-10 Statistic Levels 6-11 AWR Snapshot Sets 6-12 AWR Snapshot Purging Policy 6-13 Database Control and AWR 6-14 Generating AWR Reports 6-15 Snapshot Sets and Period Comparisons 6-16 Compare Periods: Results 6-17 Statspack and AWR 6-18 Server-Generated Alerts 6-19 Server-Generated Alerts: Overview 6-20 Alert Models Architecture 6-21 Server-Generated Alert Types 6-22 Readily Available Server-Generated Alerts 6-23 Database Control Usage Model 6-24 Database Control Interface to Alerts 6-25 Setting Alert Thresholds 6-26 Alerts Notification 6-27 Metric Details Severity History 6-28 Metric and Alert Views 6-29 PL/SQL Interface for Threshold Settings 6-30 Alert Consumption: Manual Configuration 6-31 User-Defined SQL Metrics 6-32 Automatic Routine Administration Tasks 6-33 DBCA and Automated Tasks 6-34 vii

8 Common Manageability Infrastructure: Advisory Framework 6-35 Advisory Framework: Overview 6-36 Typical Advisor Tuning Session 6-37 Database Control and Advisors 6-38 DBMS_ADVISOR Package 6-39 Dictionary Changes 6-40 Using PL/SQL: Example 6-41 Summary 6-42 Practice 6: Overview Adaptive Thresholds and Metric Baselines Objectives 7-2 Cyclic Nature of Workloads 7-3 Thresholds and Metric Baselines Overview: Fixed Thresholds 7-4 Thresholds and Metric Baselines Overview: Adaptive Thresholds 7-5 Metric Baselines and Thresholds Concepts 7-6 Metric Baselines and Time Groups 7-8 Enabling Metric Baselining 7-9 Activating the Moving Window Metric Baseline 7-10 Setting Adaptive Alert Thresholds 7-11 Visualizing Metric Baseline Statistics 7-12 Creating Static Metric Baselines 7-13 Time Grouping: Considerations 7-14 Metric Baseline and Adaptive Threshold: Considerations 7-15 Classification of Eligible Metrics 7-16 Metric Baseline: Normalized View 7-17 Configuring Normalization Metrics 7-19 Adaptive Thresholds and the All Metrics Page 7-20 Summary 7-21 Practice 7: Overview Application Tuning Objectives 8-2 Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 8-3 Automatic Statistics Gathering 8-4 Enhanced Query Optimization 8-5 Statistics on Dictionary Objects 8-6 Dictionary Statistics: Best Practices 8-7 Miscellaneous Statistics-Related Changes 8-8 Locking Statistics 8-9 Using the DBMS_STATS Package 8-10 Automatic Statistics Collection: Considerations 8-11 History of Optimizer Statistics 8-12 Managing Historical Optimizer Statistics 8-13 Managing Optimizer Statistics Using EM 8-14 viii

9 DML Table Monitoring Changes 8-15 Rule-Based Optimizer Obsolescence 8-16 Automatic SQL Tuning: Overview 8-17 Application Tuning Challenges 8-18 SQL Tuning Advisor: Overview 8-19 Stale or Missing Object Statistics 8-20 SQL Statement Profiling 8-21 Plan Tuning Flow and SQL Profile Creation 8-22 SQL Tuning Loop 8-23 Access Path Analysis 8-24 SQL Structure Analysis 8-25 SQL Tuning Advisor: Usage Model 8-26 Database Control and SQL Tuning Advisor 8-27 Implementing Recommendations 8-28 DBMS_SQLTUNE Package 8-29 DBMS_SQLTUNE: Examples 8-30 Exporting or Importing SQL Profiles 8-31 Automatic SQL Tuning Categories 8-32 SQL Access Advisor: Overview 8-33 SQL Access Advisor: Usage Model 8-34 Possible Recommendations 8-35 Typical SQL Access Advisor Session 8-36 Workload Source 8-37 Recommendation Options 8-38 Reviewing Recommendations 8-40 SQL Access Advisor: Procedure Flow 8-41 Performance Monitoring Solutions 8-42 Performance Management Approach 8-43 Database Home Page 8-44 Database Performance Page 8-45 Active Sessions Waiting Pages 8-46 SQL Details 8-47 Historical Data View 8-48 Diagnosis of Hung or Extremely Slow Databases 8-49 Using Memory Access Mode 8-50 Using the Hang Analysis Page 8-51 Summary 8-53 Practice 8: Overview System Resource Management Objectives 9-2 Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 9-3 Database Resource Manager 9-4 Switching Plans at Scheduler Window Boundaries 9-5 Setting Idle Timeouts 9-6 ix

10 Switching Back to the Initial Consumer Group at the End of Call 9-7 Creating a Mapping by Using Database Control 9-9 Creating a Mapping by Using DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER 9-10 Assigning Priorities by Using DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER 9-11 Changes to the DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER Package 9-13 Using the RATIO Allocation Method 9-15 Monitoring the Database Resource Manager 9-16 Monitoring the Resource Manager by Using EM 9-17 New V$ Views 9-18 Changed V$ Views 9-19 Summary 9-20 Practice 9: Overview Automating Tasks with the Scheduler Objectives 10-2 Scheduling Needs 10-3 Scheduler Concepts 10-4 Creating a Program 10-6 Creating a Program by Using EM 10-7 Creating and Using Schedules 10-8 Using EM to Create Schedules 10-9 Calendaring Expressions Creating a Job Creating a Time-Based Job Setting the Repeat Interval for a Job Using Events with Jobs Event-Based Scheduling Creating an Event-Based Job Events Raised by the Scheduler Using Events Raised by Jobs Using EM to Create Event-Based Schedules Creating Complex Schedules Privileges for Scheduler Components Enabling and Disabling Scheduler Components Managing Scheduler Components Managing Scheduler Components with EM Viewing Attributes of Scheduler Components Viewing Job Execution Details Viewing Job Logs Scheduler Job Chain Concepts Creating Chains Creating a Chain Object Defining Chain Steps Defining Chain Rules x

11 Specifying Chain Rule Conditions Starting the Chain Creating a Job Chain with EM Managing Job Chains Managing Job Chains with EM Monitoring Job Chains Advanced Scheduler Concepts Creating a Window Prioritizing Jobs Within a Window Creating a Job Class Data Dictionary Views Summary Practice 10: Overview Space Management Objectives 11-2 Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 11-3 Proactive Tablespace Monitoring: Overview 11-4 Tablespace Space Usage Monitoring 11-5 Edit Tablespace Space Usage Thresholds 11-6 Edit Tablespace Page 11-7 PL/SQL and Tablespace Space Usage Thresholds 11-8 Proactive Undo Tablespace Monitoring Shrinking Segments: Overview Shrinking Segments: Considerations Shrinking Segments by Using SQL Segment Shrink: Basic Execution Segment Shrink: Execution Considerations Database Control and Segment Shrink Segment Advisor: Overview Running the Segment Advisor Manually Using the Segment Advisor with EM Growth Trend Report Segment Resource Estimation Undo Management Page Undo Advisor Page Fast Ramp-Up Sorted Hash Cluster: Overview Sorted Hash Cluster: Example Sorted Hash Cluster: Basic Architecture Sorted Hash Cluster: Considerations Viewing Tablespace Contents Summary Practice 11: Overview xi

12 12 Improved Very Large Database (VLDB) SupportObjectives Objectives 12-2 Bigfile Tablespaces: Overview 12-3 Benefits of Bigfile Tablespaces 12-4 Bigfile Tablespace: Usage Model 12-5 Creating Bigfile Tablespaces 12-6 SQL Statement Changes and Additions 12-7 BFTs and SQL Statements: Examples 12-8 Data Dictionary Changes and Additions 12-9 Bigfile Tablespaces and DBVERIFY DBMS_UTILITY Package and BFTs Migration and Bigfile Tablespaces Extended ROWID Format and BFTs DBMS_ROWID Package Changes Temporary Tablespace Group: Overview Temporary Tablespace Group: Benefits Creating Temporary Tablespace Groups Maintaining Temporary Tablespace Groups Temporary Tablespace Group SQL: Examples Data Dictionary Changes Database Control: Creating a Partition Database Control: Partition Maintenance Partitioned IOT Enhancements Local Partitioned Index Enhancements Skipping Unusable Indexes Hash-Partitioned Global Indexes: Overview Contention Scenario Hash-Partitioned Global Indexes: Benefits Creating Hash-Partitioned Global Indexes Adding and Coalescing Partitions Range and Hash Global Index Commands Operations Not Supported Usage Example Bitmap Index Storage Enhancements DML Error Logging: Overview DML Error Logging: Example Error-Logging Table DML Error Logging: Considerations Summary Practice 12: Overview Backup and Recovery Enhancements Objectives 13-2 Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 13-3 xii

13 Flash Recovery Area 13-4 Defining Flash Recovery Area by Using Database Control 13-6 Defining a Flash Recovery Area by Using SQL 13-7 Flash Recovery Area Space Management 13-8 Backing Up Data Files to a Flash Recovery Area 13-9 Modifying the Flash Recovery Area Backing Up the Flash Recovery Area Dynamic Flash Recovery Area Views Flash Recovery Area Columns in Other Views Best Practices for the Database and Flash Recovery Area Changes in SQL Statement Behavior Fast Incremental Backup Enabling Fast Incremental Backup Monitoring Block Change Tracking Incrementally Updated Backups Oracle-Suggested Strategy Incremental Roll Forward of a Database Copy RMAN Backup Command Changes Backup Type Enhancements by Using Database Control Backup Maintenance Backing Up the Entire Database Backing Up Individual Tablespaces Backing Up Data Files and Control Files Implementing Fast Recovery Automated Instance Creation and TSPITR Auxiliary Location in EM Creating Compressed Backups Monitoring Compressed Backups Simplified Recovery Through RESETLOGS Recovery Through RESETLOGS: Changes Recovering Data Files Not Backed Up Dropping a Database Placing All Files in Online Backup Mode How Does File Status Affect BEGIN BACKUP? Changes to the END BACKUP Command RMAN and Configuration Changes Automatic Channel Failover RMAN Channel Support for the Grid Enhanced RMAN Scripts Setting Duration and Throttling Option Database Control: Backup Reports Summary Practice 13 Overview xiii

14 14 Flash Back Any Error Objectives 14-2 Flashback Time Navigation 14-3 Flashback Error Correction 14-4 Flashback Database: Overview 14-5 Flashback Database: Eliminating Restore Time 14-6 Flashback Database Architecture 14-7 Configuring Flashback Database Using EM 14-8 Flashing Back Your Database by Using EM 14-9 Manually Configuring Flashback Database Flashback Database: Examples Monitoring Flashback Database Excluding Tablespaces from Flashback Database Flashback Database: Considerations Flashing Back RESETLOGS Flashback Drop: Overview Recycle Bin Flashing Back Dropped Tables by Using EM Querying the Recycle Bin Restoring Tables from the Recycle Bin Recycle Bin: Automatic Space Reclamation Recycle Bin: Manual Space Reclamation Bypassing the Recycle Bin Querying Dropped Tables Flashback Drop: Considerations Flashback Versions Query: Overview Flashback Versions Query Using EM Flashback Versions Query Syntax Flashback Versions Query: Example Flashback Versions Query: Considerations Flashback Transaction Query: Overview Flashback Transaction Query Using EM Querying FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION_QUERY Using Flashback Versions Query and Flashback Transaction Query Flashback Transaction Query: Considerations Flashback Table: Overview Using EM to Flash Back Tables Flashback Table: Example Rolling Back a Flashback Table Operation Flashback Table: Considerations Restore Points: Overview Guaranteed Restore Points Guaranteed Restore Points: Properties Restore Point Creation and Usage xiv

15 Guaranteed Undo Retention SCN and Time Mapping Enhancements Granting Flashback Privileges When to Use Flashback Technology Flashback Technology: Benefits Summary Practice 14: Overview General Space Management Enhancements Objectives 15-2 Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 15-3 SYSAUX Tablespace: Overview 15-4 SYSAUX Tablespace: Benefits 15-5 SYSAUX Occupants 15-6 CREATE DATABASE 15-7 ALTER TABLESPACE SYSAUX 15-8 SYSAUX Tablespace: General Usage 15-9 SYSAUX Occupants: Visualization SYSAUX Occupants: Relocation SYSAUX Occupants: Relocation Using SQL Tablespace Rename: Overview Tablespace Rename: Usage Example Tablespace Rename: Considerations Tablespace Rename: Best Practices Default Permanent Tablespace: Overview Designating a Default Permanent Tablespace Default Permanent Tablespace: SQL Examples Copying Files by Using the Database Server Local Copy: Example Transferring Files: Example Copying Files: Considerations Redo Logfile Size Advisor Dropping an Empty Data File Summary Practice 15: Overview Automatic Storage Management Objectives 16-2 What Is Automatic Storage Management? 16-3 ASM: Key Features and Benefits 16-4 ASM: New Concepts 16-5 ASM: General Architecture 16-6 ASM Administration 16-8 xv

16 ASM Instance Functionalities 16-9 Installing ASM: Overview Transparent Multiversion Support Creating a Database on ASM Creating an ASM Instance on Its Own ASM Instance Initialization Parameters Accessing an ASM Instance Dynamic Performance View Additions ASM Home Page ASM Performance Page ASM Configuration Page Starting Up an ASM Instance Shutting Down an ASM Instance ASM Administration ASM Disk Group Failure Group Disk Group Mirroring Disk Group Dynamic Rebalancing ASM: Administration Page Create Disk Group Page Creating or Deleting Disk Groups Adding Disks to Disk Groups Miscellaneous Alter Commands Monitoring Long-Running Operations by Using V$ASM_OPERATION ASM Administration ASM Files ASM File Names ASM File Name Syntax ASM File Name Mapping ASM File Templates Template and Alias: Examples Retrieving Aliases SQL Commands and File Naming ASM Command-Line Interface: Overview ASM Command-Line Interface Commands Database Instance Parameter Changes Migrate Database To ASM Wizard Manually Migrating Your Database to ASM ASM and Transportable Tablespaces ASM and XML DB: Overview ASM Virtual Folder Hierarchy ASM Virtual Folder: Typical Use Summary Practice 16: Overview xvi

17 17 Maintaining Software Objectives 17-2 Oracle Database 10g Upgrade Paths 17-3 Choosing an Upgrade Method 17-4 Advantages of Using DBUA 17-5 Manual Upgrade: Advantages and Disadvantages 17-6 New Preupgrade Information Utility 17-7 Oracle Database 10g: Simplified Upgrade 17-8 New Postupgrade Status Utility 17-9 Properly Prepared Upgrade Using Database Upgrade Assistant Recompiling Invalid Objects Backing Up the Database Before Upgrade Upgrade Summary Performing the Manual Upgrade Downgrading Using a Single Script MetaLink Integration OPatch Utility OPatch Operations Support for RAC Environments OPatch Process Flow Patch Conflict Detection Summary Security Objectives 18-2 Virtual Private Database: Overview 18-3 Virtual Private Database: Enhancements 18-4 Column-Level VPD: Example 18-5 Creating a Column-Level Policy 18-6 Policy Types: Overview 18-7 Static Policies 18-8 Context-Sensitive Policies 18-9 Sharing Policy Functions Auditing Mechanisms: Overview Uniform Audit Trails Enhanced Enterprise User Auditing Audit EM Page Audit Enhancements Fine-Grained Auditing: Enhancements Fine-Grained Auditing Policy: Example Audited DML Statement: Considerations Transparent Data Encryption: Overview Implementing Transparent Data Encryption Existing Tables and Transparent Data Encryption xvii

18 Transparent Data Encryption: Considerations Data Pump and Transparent Data Encryption RMAN Encrypted Backups: Overview Transparent Mode Setup Password Mode Setup Dual Mode Setup RMAN Encrypted Backups: Considerations CONNECT Role Change Wallet Support for Usernames and Passwords Summary Practice 18: Overview A B C D E F Practices Solutions Services Oracle Secure Backup Overview Miscellaneous New Features Practice and Solution Scripts xviii