An Introduction to NetLogo
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- Arnold Andrews
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1 An Introduction to NetLogo given by Gabriel Wurzer*, *not a mathematician
2 Netlogo free* agent-based simulation environment by Uri Wilensky, Northwestern University, which is based on programming language "Logo" by Seymour Papert, MIT which is based on programming language "Lisp" by John McCarthy, Stanford Wilensky 1999 Papert 1968 * McCarthy 1958 Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 2, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
3 Netlogo is a discrete simulation Simulation environment with discretized world ("patches"), on which agents ("turtles") perform actions in discrete time steps ("ticks") Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 3, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
4 What NetLogo is used for Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 4, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
5 Example: urban planning Procedural City Modeling (Lechner et al. 2003) Picture courtesy of Lechner, Watson, Wilensky and Felsen, Simulation of Urban Land Development and Land Use (Tsai-chu and Bo-yi 2010) abs_all.jsp?arnumber= Picture courtesy of Tsaichu and Bo-yi Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 5, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
6 Example: hospital planning An Agent Based Simulation Tool for Scheduling Emergency Department Physicians (Jones and Evans, 2008) Computer Terminal Placement and Workflow in an Emergency Department: An Agent-based Model (Poynton et al. 2007) Final_Papers Picture courtesy of Poynton, Shah, BeLue, Mazzotta, Beil and Habibullah Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 6, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
7 THE NETLOGO ENVIRONMENT
8 Main screen of a model simulation performed in interface area documentation area lists what to do with the model programming is done in the procedures area world discretized into grid, visible in center of screen for simulation for documentation world (grid) for code Model Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 8, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
9 Co-ordinate space origin (0,0) in middle of grid X+ right, Y+ up world composed of grid cells ("patches") each patch is identified by the coordinate at its center, Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 9, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
10 Co-ordinate space origin (0,0) in middle of grid X+ right, Y+ up world composed of grid cells ("patches") each patch is identified by the coordinate at its center, e.g. patch 0 0 at origin Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 10, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
11 Co-ordinate space origin (0,0) in middle of grid X+ right, Y+ up world composed of grid cells ("patches") each patch is identified by the coordinate at its center, e.g. patch 0 0 at origin patch 1 1 elsewhere Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 11, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
12 PROPERTIES AND ABILITIES OF TURTLES
13 Turtles are... movable entities within the netlogo world heading degrees - 0 is north, 90 east, etc. xcor ycor - in grid coordinates - e.g. 0, 0 Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 13, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
14 Turtles are... movable entities within the netlogo world heading degrees - 0 is north, 90 east, etc. xcor ycor - in grid coordinates - e.g. 0, 0 or 0.5, 0.5 Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 14, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
15 Turtles are... taking form (they represent an active, animated entity) shape - e.g. "default" size color Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 15, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
16 Turtles are... taking form (they represent an active, animated entity) shape - e.g. "default" or "person" size - relative to patch size - 1 is the default color Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 16, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
17 Turtles are... taking form (they represent an active, animated entity) shape - e.g. "default" or "person" size - relative to patch size - 1 is the default - but can be 2 as well color - e.g. RED, GREEN, BLUE Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 17, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
18 Turtles are... taking form (they represent an active, animated entity) shape - e.g. "default" or "person" size - relative to patch size - 1 is the default - but can be 2 as well color - e.g. RED, GREEN, BLUE or MAGENTA Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 18, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
19 Turtles are... by default visible, but can be hidden as well hidden? - true or false Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 19, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
20 Properties who heading - unique id for each turtle in NetLogo xcor ycor turtle 0 shape size color hidden? Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 20, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
21 Commands create-turtles 1 observer Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 21, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
22 Commands turtle 0 inspect turtle 0 observer Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 22, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
23 Commands who heading xcor ycor turtle 0 shape size observer color hidden? Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 23, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
24 Your turn Start NetLogo 2. In the observer> input box, enter create-turtles 1 3. in the same location, enter inspect turtle 0 4. enter RED as color, 0 as heading 1 as xcor 1 as ycor "person" as shape create-turtles inspect turtle 01 Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 24, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
25 A closer look at the inspected properties... who heading xcor ycor shape size color hidden? numbers (e.g. 0) Booleans (true or false) strings (e.g. "person") turtle 0 note the parantheses! Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 25, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
26 Data types Numbers, Booleans and strings are data types Each data type has its own syntax (e.g. "xyz" for strings) Each data type has its own benefits numbers are made for calculations (+, -, /, *, sin, cos, etc.) Booleans are made for conditions (if hidden?...) strings are made for supplying names (e.g. use the "default" shape) In detail numbers ordinal type (1,2,3) comparison: (1<2) operators: +,-,*,/ Booleans truth type (true, false) comparison: (true!= false) operators: and, or, not strings character chains ("abra") comparison "test"!= "abra" operators: concatenation ("abra" + "cadabra" = "abracadabra") slicing ("abracadabra"[4:6] = "cad") Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 26, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
27 The ask command who heading xcor ycor shape size Observer called, asking me to... turtle 0 ask turtle 0 [ ] observer color hidden? Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 27, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
28 The set command who heading xcor ycor shape size color hidden? turtle 0 ask turtle 0 [ set color blue ] observer Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 28, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
29 The set command who heading xcor ycor turtle 0 shape size observer color hidden? Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 29, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
30 Ask explained The ask command calls a set of turtles or patches, passing commands to them These commands are supplied in brackes, i.e. ask somebody [ do this do that ] The commands are executed by the called turtle or patch, and influence its properties Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 30, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
31 Context Because observer, turtles and patches are inherently different, only commands that the called entity understands can be issued who heading xcor ycor shape size color hidden? turtle 0 ask turtle 0 [ ] create-turtles 1 Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 31, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
32 Context Because observer, turtles and patches are inherently different, only commands that the called entity understands can be issued who heading xcor YOU KNOW PRETTY WELL THAT ONLY OBSERVER CAN CREATE TURTLES #*! ask turtle 0 [ ycor shape size color hidden? ] create-turtles 1 Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 32, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
33 Context Because observer, turtles and patches are inherently different, only commands that the called entity understands can be issued who heading xcor ycor shape size color hidden? Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 33, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
34 Commands for turtles set property value sets a property to a specified value forward patch-units, back patch-units moves a turtle in the current direction left degrees, right degrees alters the heading of a turtle...and every other command listed in the Netlogo Dictionary under "Turtle-related" (see: Menu - Help NetLogo Dictionary) Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 34, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
35 Have you seen it? The NetLogo Dictionary is NetLogo s central source for help. Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 35, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
36 Assignment on your own 1. let observer ask turtle 0 - to set its property "color" to yellow - to issue the following commands: forward 1 left 45 forward 1 2. see for yourself what happens when you run: ask turtle 0 [create-turtles 1] 3. look inside the NetLogo Dictionary and find the meaning of the following commands: - pen-up, pen-down then, experiment with these using forward, left and right as additional commands! Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 36, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
37 Results (Probably) pen-down and pen-up change the state of a property named "pen-mode" color of track equals color of turtle thickness of track can be set using the property "pen-size" (also found in a turtle) observer may erase the tracks by using the command "cleardrawing" or everything including turtles with "clear-all" pen-up pen-down pen-mode "up" or "down" clear-drawing clear-all pen-size a number (default is 1) Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 37, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
38 Summing up Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 38, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
39 WRITING PROGRAMS
40 General NetLogo program layout 1. set up the program (once), e.g. clear everything, set the environment create agents 2. simulation loop (called repeatedly) simulate world e.g. grain growth on patches simulate agent behaviour e.g. movement, interaction update charts & plots Example from Models Library 1. open the "Models Library" 1. type "histogram" and choose Histogram Example Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 40, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
41 Exploring the "Histogram Example" buttons plot world the two buttons "setup" and "go" are used to interact with the model setup clears and fills the world, go simulates and generates the histogram (repeatedly, in time steps "ticks") click setup, then go Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 41, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
42 Forever or not forever 0. (Unpress the "go" button) 1. Right-click on the go button 2. Select Edit A dialog appears 4. Unclick "Forever" 5. Choose "OK" click on "setup", then "go" Buttons are used to call setup and simulation routine Choosing "Forever" on a button will repeatedly call it, therefore establishing a loop Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 42, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
43 Behind the scenes (clear) (create turtles) (move turtles) 1. Go to the procedures tab 2. observe the two routines "to setup" and "to go", that contain the actual code that is performed for setting up and performing a sim step 3. note how these routines are called from the buttons:... Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 43, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
44 Procedures to setup...commands... end to go...commands... end A set of commands is structured into logical units called Procedures that always have the syntax to name of procedure commands end Note that the commands in a are the same as were entered in command center (observer>) Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 44, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
45 Writing the first program 1. Choose File New 2. Go to Procedures tab 3. Type the following code: to setup clear-all create-turtles 1 end ;start of "setup" ;clear world ;create turtle ;end of "setup" to go ;start of "go" ask turtle 0 [ ;ask the turtle forward 1 ;move fwd 1 unit ] ;end of ask end ;end of "go" These are comments, starting with Comments are ignored by NetLogo, but may help in understanding your code A common approach is "comment before code" Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 45, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
46 Connecting the program to the user interface 1. On the Interface tab, choose Add ("Button" must be selected in the neighboring dropdown) 2. Click anywhere within the white space to insert a button 3. A dialog appears 4. Enter "setup" in the Commands textfield and hit the "OK" button 5. Insert another button (using the same steps), enter "go" in Commands and enable "Forever", then choose "OK". press the "setup" button, then "go" Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 46, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
47 Introducing many turtles (battle plan) The presented program is now extended in order to create a whole population of turtles: introduce a slider named "num-turtles" which sets the number of turtles to create use this value in setup get hold of all turtles and tell them to set their heading, color and shape to a defined value furthermore, distribute all turtles over the available world Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 47, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
48 Adding a slider 1. In the Interface tab, click on the dropdown where "Button" is shown, in order to expose all available interface components. 2. Choose "Slider" 3. Click Add and click within the white space in order to add the slider 4. In the appearing dialog, add "num-turtles" in the "Global variable" textfield: Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 48, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
49 Creating num-turtles 1. change setup as given below to setup clear-all create-turtles num-turtles end 2. run the changed procedure using the "setup" button 3. take note of the dozens of turtles created using inspect (right mouse click on the turtles) Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 49, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
50 Global variables The value of the slider "num-turtles" is available within the code by giving its name. We call this a global variable. There a four options for defining global variables which are controllable via the user interface: Produces a number within the range set in the "Slider" dialog Produces a Boolean (true or false) Can produce any data type, depending on the list of values entered in the "Chooser" dialog Can produce a number, string or color, depending on the set data type given in the "Input" dialog Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 50, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
51 Asking all turtles If all turtles should be asked, the term ask turtles is used: to setup clear-all create-turtles num-turtles ask turtles [ set color RED set shape "person" set heading 0 ] end The contained commands are in line with the battle plan for extending the program, i.e. to give the turtles common form Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 51, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
52 Why we need reporters As can be seen, the turtles all stick to the origin (0, 0) What is needed is a piece of code that puts each turtle in a random location of the world, something like: ask turtles [... set xcor to some random x-coordinate set ycor to some random y-coordinate... ] There are two commands which are made for this purpose, which we will be dealing with in due course: random-xcor and random-ycor Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 52, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
53 Introducing reporters The presented commands are called reporters. They compute a value (in this case: a number representing a random co-ordinate) and pass it to the caller: ask turtles [... set xcor random-xcor set ycor random-ycor... ] Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 53, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
54 Another run Try out the new setup code: to setup clear-all create-turtles num-turtles ask turtles [ set color RED set shape "person" set heading 0 set xcor random-xcor set ycor random-ycor ] end Hint: you can also execute a procedure by typing its name into the command center Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 54, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
55 Comparing reporters to global variables reporter can be used as placeholder for a concrete value global variable can be used as placeholder for a concrete value value is produced by computation (e.g. generate random position) value is produced by the user (e.g. by adjusting a slider) or is predefined (see further down) may need to pass parameters needed for computation, e.g.: sin 30 a parameter is "just a value" you can refer to, e.g.: num-turtles pi Wurzer: "Mathmod 2012 Netlogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 55, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
56 Asking immediately at creation time (Hint) Instead of creating and then asking the turtles... to setup clear-all create-turtles num-turtles ask turtles [ set color RED set shape "person" set heading 0 set xcor random-xcor set ycor random-ycor ] end You may also use the more convenient form... to setup clear-all create-turtles num-turtles [ ; and tell them immediately to... set color RED set shape "person" set heading 0 set xcor random-xcor set ycor random-ycor ] end Wurzer: "Mathmod 2012 Netlogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 56, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
57 ADRESSING SETS OF TURTLES
58 So far... ask turtle 0 [ ] observer Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 58, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
59 So far... ask turtles [ ] observer Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 59, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
60 The "with" query Can address turtles based on their properties using a "with" query: ask turtles with [ycor > 0] [ ] observer Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 60, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
61 With in a nutshell with takes arbitrary criteria as boolean conditions, e.g. with [ycor > 0] with [ycor > 0 and xcor < 0] with [ycor > 0 or xcor < 0] Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 61, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
62 Boolean conditions? You need to formulate a query which produces true or false, for numbers, use comparisons (>, <, >=, <=,!=) for Booleans, also use comparisons (=,!=), i.e. turtles with [hidden? = true] turtles with [hidden?!= true] strings can use string comparisons (=,!=), e.g. turtles with [shape = "person"] Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 62, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
63 Logical operators You can also use the logical operators and, or and not to tie multiple conditions together or negate their result: Logical operator condition 1 and condition 2 condition 1 or condition 2 not condition Usage All conditions linked by and are required One condition among those linked by or is required The opposite of the following condition is taken Example (shape = "person") and (ycor > 0) and (xcor < 0) (ycor > 0) or (xcor < 0) not (shape = "person") Note: it is sometimes necessary to use brackets for each condition (e.g. in not shape = "person") Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 63, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
64 Simplified Boolean conditions (Hint) Instead of writing "turtles with [hidden? = true] " you can use the short form: turtles with [hidden?] Instead of writing "turtles with [hidden? = false]" you can use the short form: turtles with [not hidden?] Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 64, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
65 Hands on... to setup clear-all create-turtles num-turtles [ set xcor random-xcor set ycor random-ycor set color BLUE ] ask turtles with[ycor >= 0][ set shape "person" set color RED ] end to go ask turtles with[shape = "person"] [ forward 1 ] end "setup" changes turtles in two steps: at creation, all turtles are set to color blue. then, those turtles that have a positive y coordinate are set to color red and shape "person" "go" will only move the "person" turtles Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 65, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
66 Further thoughts on the program have visually introduced two distinct groups of turtles it would be more elegant to explicitly name the groups rather than changing shapes of turtles additional benefit: each group could have additional properties Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 66, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
67 So we come to breeds NetLogo predefines one "breed" of agents called turtles As programmer, you are free to define more breeds using the "breed" keyword: breed [persons person] plural singular A breed has every property a turtle has. It can additionally define a set of properties specific to that group. Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 67, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
68 Defining additional properties Additional properties for each breed may be defined using the "breed name plural-own" statement: breed [persons person] persons-own [ ] age To generate turtles belonging to a certain breed, use "create-breed name plural " rather than "create-turtles": create-persons 1 [ set shape "person" set age 0 ] It is good coding practice to set the additional properties of a breed to sensible default values at creation time Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 68, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
69 Adressing members of a breed Similar to the case of turtles, a new breed can be adressed as a whole or by naming a specific agent: turtles breed ask turtles with [...] [... ] ask turtle 0 [... ] persons breed ask persons with [...] [... ] ask person 0 [... ] Wurzer: "Mathmod 2012 Netlogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 69, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
70 Putting it into practice (your turn)... breed [persons person] persons-own [ ] age to setup clear-all end The following code is a rewrite of the previous program Before procedures start, a new breed persons is declared and given the additional property "age" Setup only clears the world Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 70, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
71 Putting it into practice (your turn)... to go create-persons num-turtles [ set xcor random-xcor set ycor random-ycor set color RED set age 0 ] ask persons [ set age (age + 1) ] ask persons with [age > 80][ die ] end In every step, persons are born A simulation step represents a year. Therefore, the property "age" of each person is incremented. Then, all persons older than 80 die (new command) Note: You need to set num-turtles to a fairly small value (e.g. 2) in order to avoid a too high number of active people Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 71, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
72 Concluding notes The turtle breed is predefined but extensible: You can add new properties using turtles-own [... ], however, remember that all properties are inherited to the other breeds as well Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 72, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
73 PATCHES
74 Introducing patches Patches are an own (predefined) breed with the following properties: pxcor pycor patch -1 1 patch 0 1 patch 1 1 pcolor patch -1 0 patch 0 0 patch 1 0 patch -1-1 patch 0-1 patch 1-1 Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 74, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
75 Adressing patches All patches can be adressed using the breed-name patches pxcor pycor patch -1 1 patch 0 1 patch 1 1 pcolor patch -1 0 ask patches [ set pcolor RED patch 0 0 ] patch 1 0 patch -1-1 patch 0-1 patch 1-1 Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 75, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
76 Adressing patches All patches can be adressed using the breed-name patches pxcor pycor patch -1 1 patch 0 1 patch 1 1 pcolor patch -1 0 ask patches [ set pcolor RED patch 0 0 ] patch 1 0 patch -1-1 patch 0-1 patch 1-1 Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 76, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
77 Adressing patches All patches can be adressed using the breed-name patches pxcor pycor patch -1 1 patch 0 1 patch 1 1 pcolor patch -1 0 patch 0 0 patch 1 0 patch -1-1 patch 0-1 patch 1-1 Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 77, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
78 Adressing patches In contrast to turtles, individual patches are addressed using their coordinates pxcor pycor patch -1 1 patch 0 1 patch 1 1 pcolor patch -1 0 ask patch 0 0 [ set pcolor SKY patch 0 0 ] patch 1 0 patch -1-1 patch 0-1 patch 1-1 Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 78, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
79 Adressing patches In contrast to turtles, individual patches are adressed using their coordinates pxcor pycor patch -1 1 patch 0 1 patch 1 1 pcolor patch -1 0 ask patch 0 0 [ set pcolor SKY patch 0 0 ] patch 1 0 patch -1-1 patch 0-1 patch 1-1 Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 79, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
80 Adressing patches In contrast to turtles, individual patches are adressed using their coordinates pxcor pycor patch -1 1 patch 0 1 patch 1 1 pcolor patch -1 0 patch 0 0 patch 1 0 patch -1-1 patch 0-1 patch 1-1 Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 80, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
81 Extending patches Additional properties can be specified via patches-own: patches-own [ ] soil-type However, there is no possibility of declaring additional patch breeds that inherit from patches. Furthermore, patches are not created using code (e.g. via create-patches 1) but by using the settings window of NetLogo Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 81, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
82 Try it out for yourself - Hands on exercise! patches-own [ soil-type ] to setup clear-all ask patches [ set soil-type random 2 ] ask patches with [soil-type = 1][ set pcolor YELLOW ] end 1. Start a new program by entering the code visible to the left in the Procedures tab 2. Notice the new reporter random, and look up help for it in the NetLogo Dictionary. What does it do? Why "random 2"? 3. After having finished the code, call "setup" using the Command Center Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 82, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
![Code improvements If the color of each patch could be set in the following fashion: ask patches [ set soil-type random 2 set pcolor to either yellow or black, depending on soil-type ] the](/docs-images/94/119856538/images/83-2.jpg "second ask could be eliminated The question is: how do we assign either yellow or black?, Wurzer: \"Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial\", Lecture Notes, Slide 83, 2012, Technical University Vienna.")
83 Code improvements If the color of each patch could be set in the following fashion: ask patches [ set soil-type random 2 set pcolor to either yellow or black, depending on soil-type ] the second ask could be eliminated The question is: how do we assign either yellow or black?, Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 83, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
84 Enter the if statement The if statement is used to test for a Boolean condition. If this yields true, NetLogo will run a series of commands: ] ask patches [ set soil-type random 2 if soil-type = 1 [ set pcolor YELLOW ] General syntax for ifs: if condition [ commands to execute if the condition applies ] in all other cases, the patch color remains as it is (black) Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 84, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
85 The ifelse statement Should the patch color be either yellow (when soil-type is 1) or sky (in all other cases), an ifelse statement can be used: ask patches [ set soil-type random 2 ifelse soil-type = 1 [ set pcolor YELLOW ][ set pcolor SKY ] ] this happens when the condition is not true General syntax for ifelse: ifelse condition [ commands to execute if condition applies ][ commands to execute if condition does not apply ] Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 85, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
86 Program using ifelse... patches-own [ soil-type ] to setup clear-all ask patches [ set soil-type random 2 ] end ifelse soil-type = 1 [ set pcolor YELLOW ][ set pcolor SKY ] Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 86, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
87 There is more! e.g. System Dynamics (EBM!) Take a look at "Exponential Growth" from models library! Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 87, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
88 System Dynamics Interface System Dynamics opens in own window stock, flow, converter, and information links standard editing for time-step amount Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 88, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
89 Exploring the model Double-click each element to find out: variable growth-rate links to slider "growth rate in NetLogo main screen flow "inflow" defined as formula "stock * growth-rate" i.e. system dynamics elements are immediately available for use in formulas. why? see procedures! Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 89, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
90 Great way to learn SD NetLogo exposes SD calculation as source code Therefore, can follow "what is done" and leverage existing NetLogo programming knowledge The best thing: can now mix SD/Agent-Based Models, see Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 90, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
91 And a lot more! GIS Extension leverage your open government data to find a decent flat, for observer s sake! BehaviourSpace: vary parameters and run models multiple times monte carlo and latin hypercube analyses Impress your friends with the 3D version of NetLogo (note: there is NetLogo 3D and the "3D View", which are different! In NetLogo 3D, the world is a cube and patches have a z-pcor) Wurzer: "Mathmod2012 NetLogo Tutorial", Lecture Notes, Slide 91, 2012, Technical University Vienna.
92 go wild now. THE END
NETLOGO 6.0 QUICK GUIDE
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