The Definitive Guide to ImageMagick Michael Still

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1 Apress* The Definitive Guide to ImageMagick Michael Still

2 Contents Foreword About the Author About the Technical Reviewer Acknowledgments Introduction xiii xv xvii xix xxi CHAPTER 1 Installing and Configuring ImageMagick 1 Installing Precompiled Versions 1 Debian and Ubuntu Linux 1 Red Hat Linux 2 Older ImageMagick Versions 2 Microsoft Windows 2 Installing from Source 9 Introducing Dependencies 9 Compiling on Unix Operating Systems 10 Installing Using FreeBSD Ports 14 Compiling ImageMagick on Microsoft Windows 15 Exploring the Architecture of ImageMagick 22 Using Configuration Files 23 Using Environment Variables 25 Limiting Resource Usage on the Command Line 25 Determining What Is Configured 25 Using ImageMagick 27 Online Help 27 Debug Output 28 Verbose Output 28 What Version of ImageMagick Is Installed? 29 Conclusion 29 CHAPTER 2 Performing Basic Image Manipulation 31 Introducing Imaging Theory 31 Vector Images 32 Raster Images 33

Invoking convert 35 Changing the Size of an Image 35 Making an Image Smaller 35 Making an Image Smaller Without Specifying Dimensions 43 Understanding Geometries 46 Making an Image Larger 47

3 Invoking convert 35 Changing the Size of an Image 35 Making an Image Smaller 35 Making an Image Smaller Without Specifying Dimensions 43 Understanding Geometries 46 Making an Image Larger 47 Processing Many Images at Once 49 Conclusion 49 CHAPTER 3 Introducing Compression and Other Metadata 51 Compressing Images 51 Lossy Compression vs. Lossless Compression 51 Which Format Is Right for You? 57 Introducing Common File Formats 58 Introducing LZW Compression 59 Comparing File Sizes 59 Manipulating Compression Options with ImageMagick 61 Introducing Image Metadata 66 Altering How Pixels Are Stored 71 Introducing Gamma Correction 73 Setting Color Intent and Profiles 74 Handling Images That Don't Specify Dimensions 74 Setting Image Resolution 74 Transparency with GIF 75 Storing Multiple Image Formats 75 Adding, Removing, and Swapping Images 76 Creating Multiple Image Files 76 Decrypting Encrypted PDFs 76 Manipulating Animated Images 77 Changing the Frame Rate 77 Morphing Two Images 77 Creating Looping GIF Animations 77 Using GIF Disposal 78 Harnessing Disposal Methods 78 Conclusion 78

CONTENTS CHAPTER 4 Using Other ImageMagick Tools 79 Using the Command-Line Tools 79 compare 79 composite 83 conjure 95 convert 95 identify 95 import 98 mogrify 100 montage 100 Using the Graphical

4 CONTENTS CHAPTER 4 Using Other ImageMagick Tools 79 Using the Command-Line Tools 79 compare 79 composite 83 conjure 95 convert 95 identify 95 import 98 mogrify 100 montage 100 Using the Graphical Tools 112 animate 112 display 114 Conclusion 116 CHAPTER 5 Performing Artistic Transformations 119 blur 119 charcoal 120 colorize 121 implode 124 noise 125 paint 128 radial-blur 129 raise 130 segment 132 sepia-tone 133 shade 134 sharpen 135 solarize 136 spread 137 swirl 138 threshold 139 unsharp 140 wave 144 virtual-pixel 145 Conclusion 146

5 CONTENTS CHAPTER 6 Performing Other Image Transformations 147 Performing Transformations on One Image 147 Adding Borders to an Image 147 Rotating an Image 149 Manipulating Contrast 152 Dithering an Image 155 Equalizing an Image 157 Flipping an Image 159 Tinting an Image 160 Negating an Image 161 Normalizing, Enhancing, and Modulating an Image 165 Shearing an Image 172 Rolling an Image 175 Turning Multiple Images into One Image 176 Appending Images 176 Averaging Images 181 Flattening Images 183 Conclusion 183 CHAPTER 7 Using the Drawing Commands 185 Specifying Colors 185 Using Named Colors 185 Using HTML-Style Color Strings 186 Using RGB Tuples 194 Specifying a Page Size 195 Specifying a Background Color 195 Specifying the Fill Color and Stroke Color 196 Setting Gravity 198 Annotating an Image with Text 199 Drawing Simple Shapes 210 Drawing a Single Point 211 Drawing a Straight Line 211 Drawing a Rectangle 212 Drawing a Rectangle with Rounded Corners 213 Drawing a Circle 214 Drawing an Arc 215 Drawing an Ellipse 216 Drawing a Polyline 216 Drawing a Polygon 217

6 CONTENTS Drawing a Bezier 217 Drawing Text 218 Performing Color Operations That Take a Point and a Method Transforming Your Drawings 220 Compositing Images with the draw Command 230 Using the Over Operator 232 Using the In Operator 233 Using the Out Operator 233 Using the Atop Operator 234 Using the Xor Operator 235 Using the Plus Operator 236 Using the Minus Operator 237 Using the Difference Operator 238 Using the Multiply Operator 242 Using the Bumpmap Operator 243 Performing Other Tasks with These Composition Operators 244 Antialiasing Your Images 245 Framing an Image 247 Writing Each Step of the Way 252 Applying Affine Matrices 255 Conclusion 262 CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 9 PerlMagick: ImageMagick Programming with Perl 263 Presenting the Problem 263 Introducing the Format for This Chapter 264 Introducing the Code Structure 264 Using PhotoMagick.pm 264 Introducing photomagick 266 Introducing pmpublish 281 Using the Templates 288 Using the Index Template 288 Using the Image Template 289 Using the Thumbnail Template 290 Conclusion 290 Implementing Your Own Delegate with C 291 How Delegates Are Configured 291 Writing a Simple Delegate in C 293 Conclusion 299

7 ii CONTENTS CHAPTER 10 RMagick: ImageMagick Programming with Ruby 301 Presenting the Code 301 Seeing the Helper Application in Action 306 Conclusion 310 CHAPTER 11 MagickWand: ImageMagick Programming with PHP Presenting the Problem 311 Presenting the Implementation 311 Creating a Background Image 313 Creating the Bar Images 313 Presenting the Code 314 Conclusion 317 CHAPTER 12 Where to Go from Here 319 Where Do You Find Help Online? 319 What If You Find a Bug in ImageMagick? 320 Conclusion 320 NDEX 321

User Commands convert ( 1 )

User Commands convert ( 1 ) convert - convert an image or sequence of images SYNOPSIS convert [ options... ] input_file output_file DESCRIPTION Convert converts an input file using one image format to an output file with a differing