International Civil Aviation Organization. ATN Seminar and Third ATN Transition Task Force Meeting Singapore, March 2001
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1 ATNS - 1/2 International Civil Aviation Organization ATN Seminar and Third ATN Transition Task Force Meeting Singapore, March 2001 Agenda Item 1: Basic ATN Concept ATN INTERNET COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURE (Presented by USA)
2 ATN INTERNET COMMUNICATION SERVICES Burhan Ocakoglu EUROCONTROL ATNICS_001_00 1
3 Presentation Objectives To present ATN Internet communication architecture To describe ATN routing protocols To discuss mobile routing issues ATNICS_001_00 2
4 Agenda ATN INTERNETWORK ARCHITECTURE ATN Routing Protocols Mobile Routing Issues Supporting Mobile Subnetworks Open Issues ATNICS_002_00 1
5 ATNInet_003_002 ATN Building Blocks
6 The Internetworking Problem Different Services Reliable Connection Mode (e.g. X.25) Unreliable Connection Mode (e.g. Frame Relay) Connectionless (e.g. Ethernet) Different Addressing Plans X.25 DTE Addresses (decimal digits) IEEE LAN Addresses (48 bits) ATNInet_003_003
7 Forming An Internetwork Hello there... X.25 Public Network Router Dial-up ATNInet_003_00 4 Ethernet LAN Hello there... Destination Address Router X.25 Private Network Hello there...
8 ATNInet_004_02 3 Historical Why not TCP/IP? ATN development started when Governments required OSI Technical IP Address Space too small for mobile routing with no single point of failure IP Congestion Management poor to nonexistent Mobile IP inefficient and with single point of failure
9 ATN Communications Model Application Transport Network Header COTP or CLTP TPDU Header User Data User Data CLNP NPDU Application Transport Network Router Router Router Subnetwork A Subnetwork B Subnetwork C Subnetwork D ATNInet_004_004
10 ATN Addressing Each ATN System must have a unique ATN Internet Address Separate from any X.25 DTE Address, Ethernet Address, etc. that they may already have Necessary to permit unambiguous routing ATN Internet Address is A Sequence of Octets Structured for Devolved Address Allocation and efficient Routing ATNInet_003_008
11 ATN Address Syntax Octet AFI IDI VER ADM RDF ARS LOC SYS SEL Routing Domain Part Local Part Allocated by ISO Allocated by ICAO Allocated by Organisations & Administrations Allocated Locally ATNInet_003_009
12 ATN End Systems Protocols required TP4 (with mandatory checksum support) CLNP Protocols recommended ES-IS ATNInet_004_005
13 ATN Routers CLNP required by all ATN Routers IDRP required by all Inter-Domain Routers Air-ground data links Between organisations ES-IS required by air-ground routers IS-IS and ES-IS recommended within an organisation ATNInet_004_006
14 TP4 Functions Connection Mode Protocol Ensures Reliable Delivery Provides a Checksum on each Packet Retransmits on Packet Loss or corruption Provides End-to-End Flow Control ATNInet_004_008
15 CLNP Functions Simple Datagram Format Message Header Identifies Source and Destination Priority Traffic Type AOC Routing Requirements ATSC Class ATNInet_004_012
16 ATN Protocol Overhead Protocol Typical Data Header TP4 CLNP (G/G) CLNP (A/G) 11 Octets > 60 octets 6 octets typical ATNInet_004_016
17 Agenda ATN Internetwork Architecture ATN ROUTING PROTOCOLS Mobile Routing Issues Supporting Mobile Subnetworks Open Issues ATNICS_003_00 1
18 The Routing Problem R R R What s the best Route? R R R ATNInet_005_002
19 Routing Goals Keep Signposts (Router Forwarding Tables) up-to-date Minimise Information Distributed Support Users Routing Policies Support Organisational Routing Policies ATNInet_005_006
20 ISO Routing Architecture Routing Domain To BIS in Adjacent RD IS BIS ES IS Routing Domain Administrative Domain ATNInet_005_007
21 IDRP A Vector Distant Routing Protocol used to support Policy Based Routing Each Boundary Router (BIS) advertises to adjacent BISs Routes to Destinations in its own Routing Domain Selected Routes Received from Other BISs Provides a scaleable approach to building large Internets ATNInet_006_003
22 IDRP Routing Policy Routing Policy Determines: Choice between routes to the same Destination that have been received from adjacent BISs Selection of Routes to be advertised to each adjacent BIS CLNP Forwarding Decisions Route Aggregation Decisions ATNInet_006_006
23 ATNInet_007_007 The Airborne ATN
24 Agenda ATN Internetwork Architecture ATN Routing Protocols MOBILE ROUTING ISSUES Supporting Mobile Subnetworks Open Issues ATNICS_004_00 1
25 Impact of Mobility Aircraft Address and Network Topology cannot be related Non-optimal routing High rate of routing updates Scaleability Problems ATNInet_007_008
26 Mobility vs Roaming A/G Networks already support Mobility Mobility per se is not an ATN Internet function However, the ATN must support Roaming between mobile subnetworks Aircraft may move serially from one mobile subnetwork to another Aircraft may be simultaneously attached to more than one mobile subnetwork ATNInet_008_002
27 Routing to an Aircraft RD 1 RD 2 RD 3 RD 4 I provide a route to the aircraft ATNInet_008_003
28 Routing to an Aircraft RD 1 RD 2 RD 3 RD 4 I provide a route to the aircraft ATNInet_008_101
29 Routing to an Aircraft RD 1 RD 2 RD 3 RD 4 I provide a route to the aircraft ATNInet_008_102
30 Routing to an Aircraft RD 1 RD 2 RD 3 I provide a route to the aircraft RD 4 ATNInet_008_103
31 Mobile Routing Issues Routes cannot be aggregated Mobile Addresses not related to topology Route changes every time aircraft changes point of attachment High routing update rate Although not an ATN Issue Routers have to keep a route for each aircraft ATN size limited by router table capacity ATNInet_008_004
32 ATN Solutions to Mobility Distributed IDRP Directory implemented by BISs Two Level Directory ATN Island Backbone BISs The Home BISs Scaleability provided by two level structure Resilience provided by distributed approach ATNInet_008_00 6
33 ATNInet_008_009 Route Information Distribution
34 Routing within an ATN Island First Step in Mobile Routing Architecture Default route to all aircraft provided by BackboneRouters Ground systems route via backbone Routers to aircraft Size of Island limited by capacity of backbone routers Resilience provided by multiple BISs in backbone ATNInet_008_010
35 Routing via the "Home" Each group of Aircraft has a Home on an ATN Island Other Islands keep the Home informed about the location of each aircraft Home provides a default route to its Aircraft Group (e.g. aircraft belonging to a given airline) ATNInet_008_012
36 Routing Distribution Beween ATN Islands ATNInet_008_013
37 Inter-Island Island Routing Issues Scaleability limited by Inter-Island Connectivity Each Island s backbone must have capacity to hold routes for Each Aircraft attached to the Island Each Aircraft for which it provides a Home Facilities for transit routing are strictly limited ATNInet_008_014
38 Agenda ATN Internetwork Architecture ATN Routing Protocols Mobile Routing Issues SUPPORTING MOBILE SUBNETWORKS Open Issues ATNICS_005_00 1
39 Service Harmonisation CLNP SN-Data.req SN-Data.ind Call Connect/ Accept Data Call Release Data X.25 IEEE LLC1 ATNInet_009_005
40 The SNDCF CLNP SN-Data.req SN-Data.ind X.25 SNDCF LLC1 SNDCF X.25 IEEE LLC1 ATNInet_009_006
41 Support for CIDIN ATN uses CIDIN as a subnetwork CIDIN SNDCF defined by SARPs Uses CIDIN transport connectionless Mode Service CLNP PDU sent as a CIDIN Message with no acknowledgement CLNP Priority mapped to CIDIN Priority QoS requirements specified locally ATNInet_009_014
42 Mobile SNDCF Minimise Data Transfer over Air/Ground Data Links Support all ICAO Data Links Provides For: Header Compression (LREF) Address Compression (ACA) Data Compression ATNInet_010_002
43 LREF Compression Model Local Directory CLNP Mobile SNDCF CLNP Packets Compressed Packets CLNP Mobile SNDCF Local Directory X.25 DTE X.25 DTE Mobile Subnetwork ATNInet_010_003
44 Agenda ATN Internetwork Architecture ATN Routing Protocols Mobile Routing Issues Supporting Mobile Subnetworks OPEN ISSUES ATNICS_006_00 1
45 Open Issues Systems Management in SARPs Security Multicasting Air-Air Communications Subnetwork Access ATNWkSp2_001_ 100
46 Agenda ATN Internetwork Architecture ATN Routing Protocols Mobile Routing Issues Supporting Mobile Subnetworks Open Issues ATNICS_007_00 1
47 ATNWksp_007_044 Conclusion
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