A Blueprint for Representation Information in the OAIS Model
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1 A Blueprint for Representation Information in the OAIS Model David Holdsworth & Derek Sergeant Leeds University, UK
2 CEDARS Project
3 CEDARS Project ❶ Curl Examplars in Digital ARchiveS Collaborative project for libraries Funded by HEFCE/JISC
4 CEDARS Project ❶ Curl Examplars in Digital ARchiveS Collaborative project for libraries Funded by HEFCE/JISC ❶ CAMiLEON Collaborative project on emulation Funded by NSF/JISC Creative Archiving at Michigan and Leeds Emulating the Old on the New
5 Current Status ❶ Prototype Software to demonstrate Representation Nets ❶ AIP packaging (ASN.1) ❶ Meta-data design for PDI (XML - DTD)
6 Why and Wherefore ❶Access to the is the raison d être of digital preservation ❶A for ever can be stored
7 From Ingest to Access Original Object Underlying Abstract Form(UAF) A P I A C C E S S Data Object in the AIP
8 Ingest 1 Original Object Underlying Abstract Form(UAF) A P I A C C E S S Data Object in the AIP Detach the data from the medium
9 Underlying Abstract Form - UAF ❶ The UAF is chosen to preserve the significant properties of the data set ❶ Identification of significant properties is vital ❶ At ingest the data set is mapped to a byte stream
10 Ingest 2 Original Object Underlying Abstract Form(UAF) A P I A C C E S S Data Object in the AIP Convert to a byte stream for long-term storage in an Archive Information Package (AIP)
11 long-term storage
12 Access 1 Underlying Abstract Form(UAF) A P I A C C E S S Data Object in the AIP Rebuild the UAF
13 Access 2 Underlying Abstract Form(UAF) A P I A C C E S S Data Object in the AIP Pass through a format converter
14 Access 3 Underlying Abstract Form(UAF) A P I A C C E S S Data Object in the AIP possibly many times.
15 Access 4 Underlying Abstract Form(UAF) A P I A C C E S S Data Object in the AIP to provide an API suitable for access to the intellectual content
16 Two Requirements
17 Two Requirements ❶ ensure that you can find the preserved digital object each preserved object must have a unique reference
18 Two Requirements ❶ ensure that you can find the preserved digital object each preserved object must have a unique reference ❶ ensure that you can understand it when you've found it understand is to be understood as a rather loose term for successful access to relevant aspects of the intellectual content.
19 Cedars Reference ID - CRID
20 Cedars Reference ID - CRID ❶ All references to the same object must be by quoting the same CRID
21 Cedars Reference ID - CRID ❶ All references to the same object must be by quoting the same CRID ❶ Resource discovery facilities can deliver CRIDs as results
22 Cedars Reference ID - CRID ❶ All references to the same object must be by quoting the same CRID ❶ Resource discovery facilities can deliver CRIDs as results ❶ Our Representation Net is held together by CRIDs
23 Name Allocation ❶ multiple allocation authorities c.f. Internet domains ❶ An allocation authority nominates a name server that knows the location of all its allocated CRIDs ❶ Each name server knows the identities of the allocation authorities name servers
24 Accessing Intellectual Content ❶ Access to the intellectual content is the raison d être of digital preservation ❶ A Render Analyse Engine (RAE) accesses data in one format and renders it in another
25 Access via RAEs Underlying Abstract Form(UAF) A P I A C C E S S Data Object in the AIP
26 Formats and RAEs
27 Formats and RAEs ❶ An RAE converts from one format to another
28 Formats and RAEs ❶ An RAE converts from one format to another ❶ A special RAE transforms the preserved byte stream into the UAF
29 Access 1 Underlying Abstract Form(UAF) A P I A C C E S S Data Object in the AIP Rebuild the UAF from the byte stream
30 Cedars Representation Net AIP PDI UAF Representation Information Primary Digital Object RAE RAE RAE Transformer RAE Input format Format Output format Description Software Platform
31 AIP - Implementation ASN.1 Wrapper Packaging Information PDI Representation Information Primary Digital Object Content Information There is an AIP for every object that has a CRID ❶ Primary digital object = the preserved object the preserved byte stream ❶ RI needed to extract intellectual content ❶ PDI = Preservation Description Information
32 OAIS Representation Information Representation Information Structure Information adds meaning Semantic Information OAIS fig 4-104
33 Cedars Representation Net AIP PDI UAF Representation Information Primary Digital Object RAE RAE RAE Transformer RAE Input format Format Output format Description Software Platform
34 OAIS Representation Nets * Representation Information interpreted using 1 Operations and Relationship * 1 * Mapping References to Rules Representation Information 1..* 1..* Structures apply to 1..* Structures OAIS fig 4-114
35 Gödel s Theorem
36 Gödel s Theorem ❶ Some representations (e.g. plain ASCII text, MS-WORD, HTML) are defined outside the system
37 Gödel s Theorem ❶ Some representations (e.g. plain ASCII text, MS-WORD, HTML) are defined outside the system ❶ All references to such a format are via the same CRID
38 Gödel s Theorem ❶ Some representations (e.g. plain ASCII text, MS-WORD, HTML) are defined outside the system ❶ All references to such a format are via the same CRID ❶ The ends of representation nets must be managed, to look out for obsolescence
39 Gödel s Theorem ❶ Some representations (e.g. plain ASCII text, MS-WORD, HTML) are defined outside the system ❶ All references to such a format are via the same CRID ❶ The ends of representation nets must be managed, to look out for obsolescence ❶ replace CRID destination with converter facility
40 Evolution of the Representation Net AIP PDI Representation Information Primary Digital Object UAF RAE RAE RAE Transformer RAE Input format Format Output format Description Software Platform
41 Evolution of the Representation Net AIP PDI Representation Information Primary Digital Object UAF RAE RAE RAE Transformer RAE Input format Output format Format RAE Description Software Platform Platform
42 Evolution of the Representation Net AIP PDI Representation Information Primary Digital Object UAF RAE RAE RAE Transformer RAE Input format Output format Format RAE Description Software Platform RAE Platform
43 Obsolete data formats
44 Obsolete data formats ❶ Keep the original byte-streams
45 Obsolete data formats ❶ Keep the original byte-streams ❶ Representation info leads to sofware capable of rendering the information
46 Obsolete data formats ❶ Keep the original byte-streams ❶ Representation info leads to sofware capable of rendering the information ❶ Archive management must lookout for dependence on rendering software that is about to become obsolete. Can use software preservation techniques to preserve rendering sofware
47 Emulation of Yesteryear
48 Emulation of Yesteryear ❶ Today s desktop machine far exceeds the mainframe of the 1970s or even 80s
49 Emulation of Yesteryear ❶ Today s desktop machine far exceeds the mainframe of the 1970s or even 80s ❶ George3 (1970s UK system) Emulate the George3 executive i.e. order code + system calls
50 Emulation of Yesteryear ❶ Today s desktop machine far exceeds the mainframe of the 1970s or even 80s ❶ George3 (1970s UK system) Emulate the George3 executive i.e. order code + system calls ❶ Constructing RI for obsolete materials proves a valuable test-bed for the model
51 Distributed Architecture Management Functions Databases Search Engine Archive Store Gateway Nameserver 3 Archive Store Gateway Nameserver Archive Store Gateway Nameserver 5 Member Site A 2 Site B 4 Site C Search Engine 1 Web BrowserWeb BrowserWeb Browser Lots of Users Object specific Access facility e.g. FTP
52 Stage 1 Management Functions Databases Search Engine Archive Store Gateway Nameserver 3 Archive Store Gateway Nameserver Archive Store Gateway Nameserver 5 Member Site A 2 Site B 4 Site C Search Engine 1 Web BrowserWeb BrowserWeb Browser Lots of Users Object specific Access facility e.g. FTP 1 - Web interaction between search engine and end-user
53 Stage 2 Management Functions Databases Search Engine Archive Store Gateway Nameserver 3 Archive Store Gateway Nameserver Archive Store Gateway Nameserver 5 Member Site A 2 Site B 4 Site C Search Engine 1 Web BrowserWeb BrowserWeb Browser Lots of Users Object specific Access facility e.g. FTP 2 - HTTP call to the nameserver redirects to the gateway to the desired object.
54 Stage 3 Management Functions Databases Search Engine Archive Store Gateway Nameserver 3 Archive Store Gateway Nameserver Archive Store Gateway Nameserver 5 Member Site A 2 Site B 4 Site C Search Engine 1 Web BrowserWeb BrowserWeb Browser Lots of Users Object specific Access facility e.g. FTP 3 - Web interaction between gateway and end-user
55 Stage 4 Management Functions Databases Search Engine Archive Store Gateway Nameserver 3 Archive Store Gateway Nameserver Archive Store Gateway Nameserver 5 Member Site A 2 Site B 4 Site C Search Engine 1 Web BrowserWeb BrowserWeb Browser Lots of Users Object specific Access facility e.g. FTP 4 - response from gateway to end-user may well be instructions to use FTP or to await a package delivered by mail (likely to include authentication)
56 Stage 5 Management Functions Databases Search Engine Archive Store Gateway Nameserver 3 Archive Store Gateway Nameserver Archive Store Gateway Nameserver 5 Member Site A 2 Site B 4 Site C Search Engine 1 Web BrowserWeb BrowserWeb Browser Lots of Users Object specific Access facility e.g. FTP 5 - the digital object is delivered to the end-user Representation Information enables interpretation
57 Choosing the UAF ❶ A data set for preservation has an original existence in a storage system e.g. file tree PDF file ❶ The UAF is based on this original format ❶ Litmus test Ability to recreate in principle
58 Litmus Test Original Object Underlying Abstract Form(UAF) Replica Object Data Object in the AIP Can recreate a viable replica from the UAF
59 Vital concepts
60 Vital concepts ❶ A byte-stream can be stored for ever Complex data streams must be mapped into byte-streams, and mapped back again for use.
61 Vital concepts ❶ A byte-stream can be stored for ever Complex data streams must be mapped into byte-streams, and mapped back again for use. ❶ Representation Information preserves access to intellectual content makes emulation possible
62 Vital concepts ❶ A byte-stream can be stored for ever Complex data streams must be mapped into byte-streams, and mapped back again for use. ❶ Representation Information preserves access to intellectual content makes emulation possible ❶ Gödel Ends are monitored for obsolescence
63 A Blueprint for Representation Information in the OAIS Model David Holdsworth & Derek Sergeant Leeds University, UK
64
65 OAIS Model
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