COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. Contents at a Glance. Assessment Test

Transcription

1 4207bookCAG.fm Page x Friday, April 25, :27 AM at a Glance Introduction Assessment Test xxvii xxxvii Chapter 1 Network Design and Concepts 1 Chapter 2 Configuration and IOS Commands 29 Chapter 3 WAN Technologies and Configuration 87 Chapter 4 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) 131 Chapter 5 Token Ring 167 Chapter 6 Ethernet LAN Technologies 189 Chapter 7 Building the Layer 2 Network 257 Chapter 8 IP Addressing and Subnetting 287 Chapter 9 IP Interior Gateway Protocols 339 Chapter 10 Protocol Redistribution and NAT 443 Chapter 11 Configuring the Layer 3 Network 483 Chapter 12 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) 521 Chapter 13 Non-IP Protocols 601 Chapter 14 Bridging and Data-Link Switching (DLSw) 635 Chapter 15 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and Dial Backup 707 Chapter 16 Access Control Lists (ACLs) 755 Chapter 17 Route Filtering Capabilities 791 Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS) 825 Chapter 19 Network Security 877 Chapter 20 Multiservice Technologies 905 Chapter 21 IP Multicast 939 Chapter 22 IP Services 981 Index 1012 COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL

2 4207bookTOC.fm Page xi Friday, April 25, :28 AM Introduction Assessment Test xxvii xxxvii Chapter 1 Network Design and Concepts 1 General Routing Concepts 2 Static vs. Dynamic Routing 2 Interior vs. Exterior Routing Protocols 3 Distance Vector vs. Link-State Routing Protocols 3 OSI Reference Model 4 Physical Layer (OSI Layer 1) 4 Data-Link Layer (OSI Layer 2) 4 Network Layer (OSI Layer 3) 5 Transport Layer (OSI Layer 4) 5 Session Layer (OSI Layer 5) 6 Presentation Layer (OSI Layer 6) 6 Application Layer (OSI Layer 7) 6 Hierarchical Topologies 7 Benefits of Hierarchical Topologies 7 The Three-Layer Hierarchical Model 8 Scalable Internetworks 10 Reliability and Availability 10 Responsiveness 11 Efficiency 11 Adaptability 12 Accessible but Secure 13 Fault-Tolerant Topologies 13 Redundant LAN Configurations 14 Redundant WAN Connections 16 Performance: Load Balancing 18 Fault Tolerance on Multiaccess Segments 19 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Redirects 19 Proxy ARP 20 Binary, Decimal, Hexadecimal Conversion 22 Binary to Decimal Conversion 22 Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion 23 Summary 24 Exam Essentials 24 Key Terms 25 Review Questions 26 Answers to Review Questions 28

3 4207bookTOC.fm Page xii Friday, April 25, :28 AM xii Chapter 2 Configuration and IOS Commands 29 Cisco Router User Interface 30 Cisco Router IOS 30 Command Line Interface (CLI) 31 The Configuration Register 54 Changing the Configuration Register 56 Password Recovery 57 Managing Flash Files 59 Flash Partitions 62 Configuring Boot Files 64 Using a Cisco Router as a TFTP Host 66 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) 67 Changing the CDP Timers 68 Turning Off/On CDP 69 CDP Commands 70 Using an ACL to Control Vty Access 75 Terminal Access Server 76 Terminal Access Server Functionality 77 Using a Reverse Telnet Session 77 Out-of-Band Management 78 Terminal Access Server Configuration 79 Terminal Access Server Troubleshooting 80 Summary 81 Exam Essentials 81 Key Terms 82 Review Questions 83 Answers to Review Questions 85 Chapter 3 WAN Technologies and Configuration 87 Physical Layer Technologies 88 Synchronous Lines (T1/E1) 88 SONET and SDH 90 Dynamic Packet Transport (DPT)/Spatial Reuse Protocol (SRP) 91 Data-Link Technologies 92 Packet Switching and X High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) Protocol 96 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) 96 Frame Relay 98 Configuring HDLC on a Cisco Router 104 Physical Connectivity 104 HDLC Configuration Commands 105

4 4207bookTOC.fm Page xiii Friday, April 25, :28 AM xiii Configuring PPP on a Cisco Router 105 PPP Configuration Commands 106 Configuring Frame Relay on a Cisco Router 106 Frame Relay Switch Configuration Command 107 Frame Relay Router Configuration Commands 110 Troubleshooting Frame Relay 117 Summary 125 Exam Essentials 125 Key Terms 126 Review Questions 127 Answers to Review Questions 129 Chapter 4 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) 131 The ATM Protocol Model 132 The ATM Physical Layer 135 The ATM Layer 136 The ATM Adaptation Layer 136 Introduction to LAN Emulation 138 LANE Components 139 The LAN Emulation Client 140 The LANE Server 141 The LAN Emulation Configuration Server 142 The Broadcast and Unknown Server 143 LEC Communication 144 Configuring ATM 147 Configuring ATM Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs) 149 Configuring PVC Auto Discovery 154 Configuring ATM Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs) 155 Troubleshooting ATM 161 Summary 161 Exam Essentials 162 Key Terms 163 Review Questions 164 Answers to Review Questions 166 Chapter 5 Token Ring 167 Token Ring Operation 168 Token Ring Frame Format 169 Token Ring Specialized Components 176 Active Monitor 177 Standby Monitor(s) 178 Ring Parameter Server 178 Configuration Report Server 178

5 4207bookTOC.fm Page xiv Friday, April 25, :28 AM xiv Station Insertion 179 Hard and Soft Errors 180 Token Ring Configuration 180 Token Ring Troubleshooting 181 Summary 182 Exam Essentials 183 Key Terms 184 Review Questions 185 Answers to Review Questions 187 Chapter 6 Ethernet LAN Technologies 189 Ethernet 190 Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) 191 Ethernet Addressing 192 Ethernet Frames 193 Broadcasts 197 Full-Duplex Ethernet 198 Fast Ethernet 200 Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet (802.3ae) 201 Wireless Ethernet IEEE b 202 Configuring the Catalyst 5000 and 3550 Switches 206 Catalyst Configuration Commands 206 Troubleshooting the Catalyst Switch 249 Summary 250 Exam Essentials 251 Key Terms 252 Review Questions 253 Answers to Review Questions 255 Chapter 7 Building the Layer 2 Network 257 Lab Equipment List 259 Layer 2 Configuration Task Solution 2.1: Frame Relay Switch (FS) Configuration 263 Solution 2.1: Router Configurations 265 Solution 2.1: Catalyst Switch Configuration 270 Solution 2.1: Testing the Configuration 273 Troubleshooting 273 Layer 2 Configuration Task Solution 2.2: Frame Relay Switch (FS) Configuration 274 Solution 2.2: Router Configurations 276

6 4207bookTOC.fm Page xv Friday, April 25, :28 AM xv Solution 2.2: Catalyst Switch Configuration 283 The Issue of Frame Relay and Inverse ARP 284 Solution 2.2: Testing the Configuration 285 Summary 285 Chapter 8 IP Addressing and Subnetting 287 TCP/IP and the DoD Model 288 The Internet Layer Protocols 290 The Host-to-Host Layer Protocols 296 The Process/Application Layer Protocols 301 IP Addressing 304 IP Terminology 305 The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme 305 Private IP Addresses 312 Subnetting 313 Subnet Masks 314 Subnetting Class C Addresses 314 Subnetting Class B Addresses 316 Subnetting Class A Addresses 320 Supernetting 321 Creating a Supernet 322 Applying Supernets to Cisco Routers 324 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) 324 Cisco and CIDR 325 Configuring Subnet Mask Display Formats 326 Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) 327 IP Version 6 (IPv6) 330 IPv6 Address Allocation 331 Summary 332 Exam Essentials 332 Key Terms 334 Review Questions 335 Answers to Review Questions 337 Chapter 9 IP Interior Gateway Protocols 339 Static Routing 340 Static Route Configuration 340 Administrative Distance for All Routing Protocols 342 Classful vs. Classless 343 Distance Vector Operation 344 Defining a Maximum 344 Rule of Split-Horizon and Route Poisoning 345 Holddown Timers 346 Triggered Updates 347

7 4207bookTOC.fm Page xvi Friday, April 25, :28 AM xvi Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 347 RIP Timers 347 RIP Version 1 (RIPv1) 348 Manipulating Routes with RIP 350 Configuring RIP Version RIP Version 2 (RIPv2) 352 Configuring RIP Version Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) 357 The Five Path Vector Metrics for IGRP 358 IGRP Timers 361 IGRP: Classful (FLSM) Example 362 Manipulating Routes with IGRP 364 Rule of Split-Horizon for IGRP 365 Unequal-Cost Load-Balancing Traffic 365 Configuring IGRP on a Router 365 Default Network 366 IGRP Troubleshooting 368 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) 369 Differences between EIGRP and IGRP 370 The Five Path Vector Metrics for EIGRP 372 Manipulating Routes with EIGRP 383 Rule of Split-Horizon for EIGRP 384 Load-Balancing Traffic 384 Configuring EIGRP on a Router 386 EIGRP Authentication 387 Summarizing Addresses 388 Default Network 389 EIGRP Troubleshooting 392 Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) 392 Network Entity Title (NET) 394 Configuring IS-IS 396 Interface Authentication 398 Default Route Propagation 399 IS-IS Interarea Default Routes 400 Address Summarization for IS-IS 402 Narrow-Style Metrics vs. Wide-Style Metrics 402 Understanding the Network Types 403 Route Leaking 404 IS-IS Troubleshooting Commands 407 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 408 OSPF Interface Cost 408 Shortest Path First 409 OSPF Areas 412 OSPF Link-State Advertisements 413

8 4207bookTOC.fm Page xvii Friday, April 25, :28 AM xvii OSPF Hello Packet 415 OSPF Network Types 416 OSPF Designated Router (DR) 419 OSPF Router ID (RID) 419 Activating OSPF Interfaces 420 OSPF Routers and Areas 421 Summary Addressing in OSPF 423 Configuring OSPF Authentication 426 Configuring OSPF Virtual Links 430 Configuring OSPF on the Router 434 Summary 438 Exam Essentials 438 Key Terms 439 Review Questions 440 Answers to Review Questions 442 Chapter 10 Protocol Redistribution and NAT 443 Basic Redistribution 444 Controlling Redistribution 445 RIP Redistribution 446 IGRP Redistribution 450 EIGRP Redistribution 450 OSPF Redistribution 452 IS-IS Redistribution 455 Redistributing between Classful and Classless Routing Protocols 457 Classless Routing Protocol with a Longer Mask Redistributing Routes into a Classful Routing Protocol 457 Classless Routing Protocol with a Shorter Mask Redistributing Routes into a Classful Routing Protocol 459 Mutual Redistribution 463 Network Address Translation (NAT) 464 The Advantages of NAT 465 The Disadvantages of NAT 466 NAT Traffic Types 466 NAT: Inside Source 468 NAT: Outside Source 469 NAT: Overloading or Port Address Translation (PAT) 470 NAT: TCP Load Sharing 472 NAT: Overlapping Subnets 473 Troubleshooting NAT 476 Summary 477 Exam Essentials 477 Key Terms 478

9 4207bookTOC.fm Page xviii Friday, April 25, :28 AM xviii Review Questions 479 Answers to Review Questions 482 Chapter 11 Configuring the Layer 3 Network 483 Lab Equipment List 485 Layer 3 Configuration Task Solution 3.1: Configuring RIP on the Network 489 Solution 3.1: Configuring OSPF on the Network 492 Solution 3.1: Configuring IS-IS on the Network 497 Solution 3.1: Configuring Redistribution on the Network 501 Solution 3.1: Testing the Network 504 Solution 3.1: Troubleshooting the Network 504 Layer 3 Configuration Task Solution 3.2: Configuring OSPF on the Network 506 Solution 3.2: Configuring EIGRP on the Network 511 Solution 3.2: Configuring IGRP on the Network 513 Solution 3.2: Configuring Redistribution on the Network 514 Solution 3.2: Testing the Network 519 Solution 3.2: Troubleshooting the Network 519 Summary 520 Chapter 12 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) 521 When Should I Use BGP? 522 When Shouldn t I Use BGP? 524 Autonomous System Types 524 Stub and Transit Autonomous Systems 524 BGP Basics 526 BGP Operation 527 Classful, Classless Inter-Domain Routing and Summarization 529 Advertising Networks into BGP 530 Configuring BGP Peers 530 BGP Synchronization 534 BGP Two-Step Routing Process 535 BGP Update Messages 540 BGP Common Header 541 BGP Attributes 543 BGP Route Selection 547 Configuring BGP Attributes 547 Configuring and Using Communities 557 Using BGP Regular Expressions 567 ibgp Scalability 569 Route Dampening 580 Maximum Prefix 581

10 4207bookTOC.fm Page xix Friday, April 25, :28 AM xix Building BGP Networks 581 BGP Configuration Task Solution for BGP Configuration Task BGP Troubleshooting 593 Summary 594 Exam Essentials 595 Key Terms 597 Review Questions 598 Answers to Review Questions 600 Chapter 13 Non-IP Protocols 601 Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) 602 IPX Encapsulation Types 603 IPX Addresses, Protocol, and Socket numbers 604 Service Advertising Protocol (SAP) and Get Nearest Server (GNS) 606 Configuring IPX with IPX RIP 608 Configuring IPX with IPX EIGRP 612 Configuring IPX with NLSP 615 Configuring IPX Route Redistribution 617 Configuring the IPXWAN Protocol 618 Configuring IPX through a GRE Tunnel 619 Static Routes, Default Routes, and SAPs 621 IPX Troubleshooting 623 Windows NT Support 626 NetBIOS and NetBEUI 627 WINS 627 IPX 628 Summary 628 Exam Essentials 629 Key Terms 630 Review Questions 631 Answers to Review Questions 634 Chapter 14 Bridging and Data-Link Switching (DLSw) 635 Bridging Overview 636 Bridging vs. Routing 637 Transparent Bridging 638 Configuring Transparent Bridging 642 The Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) and Algorithm 643 Spanning Tree Global Commands 646 Spanning-Tree Interface Commands 646

11 4207bookTOC.fm Page xx Friday, April 25, :28 AM xx Source-Route Bridging (SRB) 647 RIF Calculation 649 Configuring Local Source-Route Bridging 651 Introduction to Remote Source-Route Bridging (RSRB) 655 Virtual Rings 655 Configuring RSRB 656 RSRB Advanced Features 661 Source-Route Transparent (SRT) Bridging 662 Configuring Source-Route Transparent (SRT) Bridging 663 Source-Route Translational Bridging (SR/TLB) 664 Configuring Source-Route/Translational Bridging 666 Canonical vs. Noncanonical Bit Ordering 667 Concurrent Routing and Bridging (CRB) and Integrated Routing and Bridging (IRB) 668 Configuring Concurrent Routing and Bridging (CRB) 669 Configuring Integrated Routing and Bridging (IRB) 669 Bridging: Troubleshooting Commands 672 Data-Link Switching (DLSw) 673 DLSw Transport Methods 675 Configuring DLSw 676 DLSw Advanced Features 688 DLSw Improved Scalability with Border Peers and Peer on Demand 696 DLSw Troubleshooting 699 Summary 700 Exam Essentials 701 Key Terms 702 Review Questions 703 Answers to Review Questions 706 Chapter 15 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and Dial Backup 707 What Is Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)? 708 ISDN Line Options 709 Basic Rate Interface (BRI) 710 Primary Rate Interface (PRI) 710 ISDN Function Groups 711 ISDN Reference Points 713 ISDN Protocols 714 LAPD Frames 714 Channelized T1/E1 (PRI) 717 Configuring T1 ISDN PRI 717 Configuring E1 ISDN PRI 718

12 4207bookTOC.fm Page xxi Friday, April 25, :28 AM xxi Configuring Dial Backup with IP 719 Encapsulation Methods 720 Dialer Maps 720 Static Routing 721 Floating Static Routes 722 Dynamic Routing 722 Backup Interfaces 723 Dialer Filtering 724 Optional Timer Commands 725 Configuring Dialer Watch 725 Snapshot Routing 727 Multilink PPP 729 OSPF Demand Circuit 730 PPP Authentication 731 Configuring Legacy DDR 732 Configuring Legacy DDR with Callback 734 Configuring Dialer Profiles 738 Components 738 Configuring Dialer Profiles with Callback 741 Troubleshooting 746 Debug Commands 747 Summary 749 Exam Essentials 749 Key Terms 750 Review Questions 751 Answers to Review Questions 753 Chapter 16 Access Control Lists (ACLs) 755 What Is an Access Control List? 756 Applying the Access List 757 Applying Access Lists to an Interface as Traffic Filters 758 Applying Access Lists under the Routing Processes 758 Applying Access Lists to Control Access to Vty Lines 758 Applying Access Lists for Queuing Mechanisms 758 Applying Access Lists for Traffic Shaping and Policing Tools 759 Applying Access Lists for Cisco Encryption and IPSEC 759 Applying Access Lists for Dialing Applications 759 Applying Access Lists for Network Address Translations (NAT) 759 Types of Access Lists 760 Configuring IP Access Lists 761 Configuring IPX Access Lists 775 Nonroutable Traffic Access Lists 778

13 4207bookTOC.fm Page xxii Friday, April 25, :28 AM xxii ACL Troubleshooting Commands 785 Summary 785 Exam Essentials 786 Key Terms 786 Review Questions 787 Answers to Review Questions 789 Chapter 17 Route Filtering Capabilities 791 Route Filters 792 Policy Routing 793 Applying Route Filters and Policies 793 Distribute Lists 794 IP Prefix Lists 801 Route Maps 804 Policy-Based Routing (PBR) 806 Using Regular Expressions (regexp) 808 BGP Route Filtering 812 Summary 818 Exam Essentials 819 Key Terms 820 Review Questions 821 Answers to Review Questions 823 Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS) 825 Delivering Network Services 826 Best Effort Services 826 Integrated Services 827 Differentiated Services 829 Packet Classification and Marking 830 Queuing 837 First In/First Out (FIFO) 838 Priority Queuing 839 Custom Queuing 841 Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) 844 Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED) 847 Weighted Round Robin (WRR) 849 Class-Based Weighed Fair Queuing (CBWFQ) 850 Strict Priority Queuing 854 Low Latency Queuing (LLQ) 855 Traffic Shaping and Policing 858 Traffic Shaping 859 Committed Access Rate (CAR) and Policing 867

14 4207bookTOC.fm Page xxiii Friday, April 25, :28 AM xxiii Network Based Application Recognition (NBAR) 868 Compression 869 Summary 870 Exam Essentials 871 Key Terms 872 Review Questions 873 Answers to Review Questions 875 Chapter 19 Network Security 877 Authenticating the User 878 Line Authentication 878 Local Authentication 879 Security Servers 881 Granting Permissions 885 User Modes 885 Privilege Levels 886 Security Servers and Authorization 887 Recording Activity 887 Logging 887 SNMP 889 Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) 890 Security Servers and Accounting 890 Controlling Network Traffic 890 Private Internet Exchange (PIX) 891 IP Access Control Lists (ACLs) 892 Network Address Translation (NAT) 893 IOS Firewall Feature Set 893 TCP Intercept 894 Multimedia Considerations 894 Data Security 895 Cisco Encryption 895 Open Standard Encryption 895 IP Security (IPSec) 896 Internet Key Exchange and IP Security 896 Authentication Hashes 897 Summary 898 Exam Essentials 899 Key Terms 900 Review Questions 901 Answers to Review Questions 903

15 4207bookTOC.fm Page xxiv Friday, April 25, :28 AM xxiv Chapter 20 Multiservice Technologies 905 Interfaces and Signaling 907 FXS/FXO Signaling 908 E&M Signaling 909 Digital Signaling 911 Telecommunication Standards 913 Real-Time Transport Protocol and RTP Control Protocol 913 The H.323 Standard 915 Session Initiation Protocol 916 Analog-to-Digital Signal Conversion 916 Sampling the Data 917 Quantization 917 Encoding the Data 917 Voice-over-Network Configuration 919 Configuring a Voice Port 919 Configuring a Dial Peer 920 Optional Voice Port Capabilities 924 Optional Dial Capabilities 927 Voice Troubleshooting 928 Multiprotocol Label Switching 929 MPLS Label 930 MPLS Label Switch Routers 931 Enabling MPLS on LSRs 932 MPLS Virtual Private Networks 932 Summary 934 Exam Essentials 935 Key Terms 935 Review Questions 936 Answers to Review Questions 938 Chapter 21 IP Multicast 939 Multicast Overview 940 Unicast Communications 940 Broadcast Communications 941 Multicast Communications 942 Multicast Addressing 944 Mapping IP Multicast to Ethernet 945 Managing Multicast in an Internetwork 949 Subscribing and Maintaining Groups 949 IGMPv1 949 IGMPv2 952 Configuring IGMP on a Router 953 CGMP 953

16 4207bookTOC.fm Page xxv Friday, April 25, :28 AM xxv Routing Multicast Traffic 956 Distribution Trees 956 Managing Multicast Delivery 960 Time to Live (TTL) 961 Routing Protocols 962 Sparse Mode Routing Protocols 967 NBMA Mode Solution 972 IP Multicast Troubleshooting 972 IP Multicast Configuration Examples 973 Summary 975 Exam Essentials 975 Key Terms 976 Review Questions 977 Answers to Review Questions 979 Chapter 22 IP Services 981 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 982 ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP) 987 Router R1 Configuration 988 Router R2 Configuration 988 Router R3 Configuration 989 Proxy ARP 989 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Proxy ARP 990 Enabling Proxy ARP on Cisco Routers 990 Disabling Proxy ARP on Cisco Routers 991 Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) 991 Configuring HSRP 992 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 996 Domain Name Service (DNS) 1002 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 1003 Network Time Protocol (NTP) 1003 Summary 1006 Exam Essentials 1007 Key Terms 1008 Review Questions 1009 Answers to Review Questions 1011 Index 1012

17 4207bookTOC.fm Page xxvi Friday, April 25, :28 AM