Comparing IS-IS and OSPF
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1 Comaring IS-IS and OSPF ISP Workshos These materials are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (htt://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) Last udated 8 th Setember
2 Acknowledgements This material originated from the Cisco ISP/IXP Worksho Programme develoed by Phili Smith & Barry Greene Use of these materials is encouraged as long as the source is fully acknowledged and this notice remains in lace Bug fixes and imrovements are welcomed n Please worksho (at) bg4all.com Phili Smith 2
3 Comaring IS-IS and OSPF Both are Link State Routing Protocols using the Dijkstra SPF Algorithm So what s the difference then? And why do ISP engineers end u arguing so much about which is suerior? 3
4 OSPF Oen Shortest Path First Oen: n Meaning an Oen Standard n Develoed by IETF (OSPF Working Grou) for IP RFC1247 n Current standard is OSPFv2 (RFC2328) Shortest Path First: n Edsger Dijkstra s algorithm for roducing shortest ath tree through a grah Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). A note on two roblems in connexion with grahs. Numerische Mathematik 1:
5 IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System ISO secifies OSI IS-IS routing rotocol for CLNS traffic n A Link State rotocol with a 2 level hierarchical architecture n Tye/Length/Value (TLV) otions to enhance the rotocol RFC 1195 added IP suort n Integrated IS-IS n I/IS-IS runs on to of the Data Link Layer 5
6 IS-IS & OSPF: Similarities Both are Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP) n They distribute routing information between routers belonging to a single Autonomous System (AS) With suort for: n Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) n Variable Subnet Length Masking (VLSM) n Authentication n Multi-ath n IP unnumbered links 6
7 IS-IS and OSPF Terminology OSPF Host Router Link Packet Designated router (DR) Backu DR (BDR) Link-State Advertisement (LSA) Hello acket Database Descrition (DBD) IS-IS End System (ES) Intermediate System (IS) Circuit Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Designated IS (DIS) N/A (no BDIS is used) Link-State PDU (LSP) IIH PDU Comlete sequence number PDU (CSNP) 7
8 IS-IS and OSPF Terminology (Cont.) OSPF Area Non-backbone area Backbone area Area Border Router (ABR) Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) IS-IS Sub domain Level-1 (station) Level-2 (area) L1L2 (station & area) Any IS 8
9 Transort OSPF uses IP Protocol 89 as transort Data Link Header IP Header OSPF Header OSPF Data IS-IS is directly encasulated in Layer 2 Data Link Header IS-IS Header IS-IS Data 9
10 For Service Providers Which IGP should an ISP choose? n Both OSPF and IS-IS use Dijkstra SPF algorithm n Exhibit same convergence roerties n IS-IS less widely imlemented on router latforms n IS-IS runs on data link layer, OSPF runs on IP layer Why do we kee discussing the merits of each IGP? 10
11 For Service Providers Biggest ISPs tend to use IS-IS why? n In early 1990s, Cisco imlementation of IS-IS was much more stable and reliable than OSPF imlementation ISPs naturally referred IS-IS n Main IS-IS imlementations more tuneable than equivalent OSPF imlementations because biggest ISPs using IS-IS ut more ressure on Cisco to imlement knobs 11
12 For Service Providers Moving forward a decade n Early Cisco OSPF imlementation substantially rewritten Now cometitive with IS-IS in features and erformance n Router vendors wishing a slice of the core market need an IS-IS imlementation as solid and as flexible as that from Cisco Those with IS-IS & OSPF suort tend to ensure they exhibit erformance and feature arity 12
13 How to choose an IGP? OSPF n Rigid area design all networks must have area 0 core, with sub-areas distributed around n Suits ISPs with central high seed core network linking regional PoPs 13
14 How to choose an IGP? IS-IS n Relaxed two level design L2 routers must be linked through the backbone n Suits ISPs with stringy networks, diverse infrastructure, etc, not fitting central core model of OSPF n More flexible than OSPF, but easier to make mistakes too 14
15 Considerations Security n IS-IS runs on link layer n Not ossible to attack the IGP using IP as with OSPF Not deendent on IP addressing n IS-IS s NSAP addressing scheme avoids deendencies on IP as with OSPF Reliability n IS-IS has long been used by the majority of the world s biggest ISPs n Belief that equiment vendors ay more attention to IS-IS reliability, scalability, and features 15
16 More considerations Migration to IPv6 n Adding IPv6 means OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 in network Two rotocols, two sets of identical configuration n IS-IS simly requires the addition of the IPv6 address-family Most networks oerate single toology for IPv4 and IPv6 n Is this why there is now RFC5838 describing suort of multile address families in OSPFv3? Vendor suort? 16
17 Comaring IS-IS and OSPF ISP Workshos 17
Comparing IS-IS and OSPF
Comaring IS-IS and OSPF ISP Workshos Last udated 8 th Setember 2016 1 Comaring IS-IS and OSPF Both are Link State Routing Protocols using the Dijkstra SPF Algorithm So what s the difference then? And why
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