Introduction to networking 2/28/18
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1 Introduction to networking 2/28/18
2 Idea of a protocol stack Me My pen pal
3 Idea of a protocol stack Me My pen pal bagging unbagging
4 Idea of a protocol stack Me My pen pal bagging unbagging loading unloading
5 Which of the following advantages of using a protocol stack is most important? A. Makes layer algorithms easier to understand since each layer has limited responsibilities B. Simplifies layer implementation since each layer has limited responsibilities C. Allows the implementation of one layer to be changed without affecting the implementations of other layers D. Allows applications to choose which functionality they want by only using some layers E. Gives more material for networking courses
6 OSI reference model Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data link Physical
7 OSI reference model Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data link Physical Raw bits over a channel How many volts represent 0/1? What is duration of a bit?
8 OSI reference model Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data link Physical Provide line without transmission errors Error detection, flow control Raw bits over a channel How many volts represent 0/1? What is duration of a bit?
9 OSI reference model Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data link Physical Packet routing Provide line without transmission errors Error detection, flow control Raw bits over a channel How many volts represent 0/1? What is duration of a bit?
10 OSI reference model Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data link Physical Break messages into packets and ensures delivery standard (Some overlap w/ data link, but for more than 1 channel) Packet routing Provide line without transmission errors Error detection, flow control Raw bits over a channel How many volts represent 0/1? What is duration of a bit?
11 OSI reference model Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data link Physical Turns connections into sessions (allows pausing and resuming) Not really used Break messages into packets and ensures delivery standard (Some overlap w/ data link, but for more than 1 channel) Packet routing Provide line without transmission errors Error detection, flow control Raw bits over a channel How many volts represent 0/1? What is duration of a bit?
12 OSI reference model Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data link Physical Manages data structures instead of bits (format translation) Not really used Turns connections into sessions (allows pausing and resuming) Not really used Break messages into packets and ensures delivery standard (Some overlap w/ data link, but for more than 1 channel) Packet routing Provide line without transmission errors Error detection, flow control Raw bits over a channel How many volts represent 0/1? What is duration of a bit?
13 OSI reference model Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data link Physical Specific applications: http, ssh, mail, ftp,... Manages data structures instead of bits (format translation) Not really used Turns connections into sessions (allows pausing and resuming) Not really used Break messages into packets and ensures delivery standard (Some overlap w/ data link, but for more than 1 channel) Packet routing Provide line without transmission errors Error detection, flow control Raw bits over a channel How many volts represent 0/1? What is duration of a bit?
14 TCP/IP reference model Application Transport = TCP or UDP Network = IP Physical and Data link = Medium for IP packets
15 IP Addresses IPv4 address: 32-bit number Written as 4 dot-separated bytes (byte = 8 bits): Each part is 0-255
16 IP Addresses IPv4 address: 32-bit number Written as 4 dot-separated bytes (byte = 8 bits): Each part is IPv6 address: 128-bit number Written as 8 colon-separated fields of hex digits: 1234 : 5678 : 90ab : cdef : : 12 : feed : beef Omit leading zeros
17 How many of the following are IPv4 addresses? aa:2890:3::7e30:d54:6e3f euclid 2000:fdb8:::1:00ab:853c:39a A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 4 or more
18 How many of the following are IPv4 addresses? aa:2890:3::7e30:d54:6e3f euclid 2000:fdb8:::1:00ab:853c:39a A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 4 or more
19 Original scheme for granting IP addresses Organizations granted network in 3 categories: Class A (addresses starting with 0) 7 bits to specify network, 24 for host Class B (addresses starting with 10) 14 bits for network, 16 for host Class C (addresses starting with 110) 21 bits for network, 8 for host Other addresses for multicast or future use
20 What does Knox need? A. Class A: >64K hosts, but 16M B. Class B: >256 hosts, but 64K C. Class C: 256 hosts D. More than 16M hosts E. Why does Knox need this silly Internet stuff?
21 What does Knox need? A. Class A: >64K hosts, but 16M B. Class B: >256 hosts, but 64K C. Class C: 256 hosts D. More than 16M hosts E. Why does Knox need this silly Internet stuff?
22 How many Knox-sized (in terms of IP address needs) organizations are there in the world? A. 128 B. >128, but 64K C. >64K, but 2M D. >2M E. None of the above
23 How many Knox-sized (in terms of IP address needs) organizations are there in the world? A. 128 B. >128, but 64K C. >64K, but 2M (at least) D. >2M E. None of the above
24 XKCD Map of the Internet Knox is in block 198
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