BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma Unit 9 Computer Network IP Addresses

Transcription

1 BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma Unit 9 Computer Network IP Addresses

2 What is an IP Address??????

3 What is an IP Address Short for Internet Protocol address, an IP or IP address is an address of a computer or other network device on a network using TCP/IP. For example, the number " " is an example of such an address. These addresses are similar to an addresses used on a house and is what allows data to reach the appropriate destination on a network and the Internet. All IP Address have to be unique on a subnet.

4 IP Address Breakdown Every IP address is broke down into four sets of octets that break down into binary to represent the actual IP address IP Address: Binary Value: Octet Value:

5 IP Address Breakdown Every IP address is broke down into four sets of octets that break down into binary to represent the actual IP address IP Address: Binary Value: Binary Breakdown: = =70 8+2= =23

6 IP Classes

7 Class A Class A addresses are assigned to networks with a very large number of hosts. The high-order bit in a class A address is always set to zero. The next seven bits (completing the first octet) complete the network ID. The remaining 24 bits (the last three octets) represent the host ID. This allows for 126 networks and 16,777,214 hosts per network First address Last address Range broadcasts to all hosts on the local network

8 Class B Class B addresses are assigned to medium-sized to large-sized networks. The two high-order bits in a class B address are always set to binary 1 0. The next 14 bits (completing the first two octets) complete the network ID. The remaining 16 bits (last two octets) represent the host ID. This allows for 16,384 networks and 65,534 hosts per network. Figure 1.5 illustrates the structure of class B addresses. First address Last address Range broadcasts to all hosts on the local network

9 Class C Class C addresses are used for small networks. The three high-order bits in a class C address are always set to binary The next 21 bits (completing the first three octets) complete the network ID. The remaining 8 bits (last octet) represent the host ID. This allows for 2,097,152 networks and 254 hosts per network. Figure 1.6 illustrates the structure of class C addresses. First address Last address Range broadcasts to all hosts on the local network

10 Loopback Address Ranges 127.x.x.x are reserved for the loopback or localhost. For example, is the common loopback address.

11 Broadcast Address Broadcasts to all hosts on the local network.

12 Example 1 Change the following IP address from binary notation to dotted-decimal notation

13 Example 1 Solution

14 Example 2 Change the following IP address from dotted-decimal notation to binary notation:

15 Example 2 Solution

16 Example 3 Find the error in the following IP Addresses

17 Example 3 Solution There are no leading zeroes in Dotted-decimal Dotation (045) In decimal notation each number < is out of the range

18 When will we Run Out?????

19 When will we Run Out