The Transport Layer. Antonio Carzaniga. October 27, Faculty of Informatics Università della Svizzera italiana
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1 The Transport Layer Antonio Carzaniga Faculty of Informatics Università della Svizzera italiana October 27, 2017
2 Outline Basic concepts in transport-layer protocols Multiplexing/demultiplexing UDP message format Reliable transfer
3 Internet Transport Layer
4 Transport Layer Internet Web browser Web server
5 Transport Layer Internet Web browser Web server
6 Transport Layer Internet Web browser GET / HTTP/1.1 Web server
7 Transport Layer Internet Web browser GET / HTTP/1.1 Web server Primitive communication between applications
8 Type of Service
9 HTTP Type of Service
10 Type of Service HTTP SMTP
11 HTTP SMTP DNS Type of Service
12 HTTP SMTP DNS Type of Service
13 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS GET / HTTP/1.1...
14 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS GET / HTTP/ HTTP/
15 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS GET / HTTP/ HTTP/ GET...
16 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS GET / HTTP/ HTTP/ GET... HTTP/
17 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection GET / HTTP/ HTTP/ GET... HTTP/
18 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection GET / HTTP/ HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO MAIL FROM: RCPT TO: QUIT 250 Yo Bye
19 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection GET / HTTP/ HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO MAIL FROM: RCPT TO: QUIT 250 Yo Bye
20 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection messages root GET / HTTP/ Yo... HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO MAIL FROM: RCPT TO: QUIT DNS app..ch unisi.ch 221 Bye
21 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection messages root GET / HTTP/ Yo... HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO MAIL FROM: RCPT TO: QUIT DNS app..ch unisi.ch 221 Bye
22 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection messages root GET / HTTP/ Yo... HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO MAIL FROM: RCPT TO: QUIT DNS app..ch unisi.ch 221 Bye
23 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection messages root GET / HTTP/ Yo... HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO MAIL FROM: RCPT TO: QUIT DNS app..ch unisi.ch 221 Bye
24 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection messages root GET / HTTP/ Yo... HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO MAIL FROM: RCPT TO: QUIT DNS app..ch unisi.ch 221 Bye
25 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection messages root GET / HTTP/ Yo... HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO MAIL FROM: RCPT TO: QUIT DNS app..ch unisi.ch 221 Bye
26 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection messages root GET / HTTP/ Yo... HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO MAIL FROM: RCPT TO: QUIT DNS app..ch unisi.ch 221 Bye
27 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection messages root GET / HTTP/ Yo... HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO MAIL FROM: RCPT TO: QUIT DNS app..ch unisi.ch 221 Bye
28 Transport Layer in the Internet
29 Transport Layer in the Internet Transport Control Protocol(TCP) conntection-oriented(i.e., connections )
30 Transport Layer in the Internet Transport Control Protocol(TCP) conntection-oriented(i.e., connections ) User Datagram Protocol(UDP) connectionless(i.e., messages )
31 Transport Layer in the Internet Transport Control Protocol(TCP) conntection-oriented(i.e., connections ) User Datagram Protocol(UDP) connectionless(i.e., messages ) Terminology transport-layer packets are called segments
32 Transport Layer in the Internet Transport Control Protocol(TCP) conntection-oriented(i.e., connections ) User Datagram Protocol(UDP) connectionless(i.e., messages ) Terminology transport-layer packets are called segments Basic assumptions on the underlying network layer
33 Transport Layer in the Internet Transport Control Protocol(TCP) conntection-oriented(i.e., connections ) User Datagram Protocol(UDP) connectionless(i.e., messages ) Terminology transport-layer packets are called segments Basic assumptions on the underlying network layer everyhosthasoneuniqueipaddress
34 Transport Layer in the Internet Transport Control Protocol(TCP) conntection-oriented(i.e., connections ) User Datagram Protocol(UDP) connectionless(i.e., messages ) Terminology transport-layer packets are called segments Basic assumptions on the underlying network layer everyhosthasoneuniqueipaddress best-effort delivery service no guarantees on the integrity of segments noguaranteesontheorderinwhichsegmentsaredelivered
35 Transport-Layer Value-Added Service
36 Transport-Layer Value-Added Service Transport-layer multiplexing/demultiplexing i.e., connecting applications as opposed to hosts
37 Transport-Layer Value-Added Service Transport-layer multiplexing/demultiplexing i.e., connecting applications as opposed to hosts Reliable data transfer i.e., integrity and possibly ordered delivery
38 Transport-Layer Value-Added Service Transport-layer multiplexing/demultiplexing i.e., connecting applications as opposed to hosts Reliable data transfer i.e., integrity and possibly ordered delivery Connections i.e.,streams canbeseenasthesameasordereddelivery
39 Transport-Layer Value-Added Service Transport-layer multiplexing/demultiplexing i.e., connecting applications as opposed to hosts Reliable data transfer i.e., integrity and possibly ordered delivery Connections i.e.,streams canbeseenasthesameasordereddelivery Congestion control i.e., end-to-end traffic(admission) control so as to avoid destructive congestions within the network
40 Internet Multiplexing/Demultiplexing
41 Multiplexing/Demultiplexing Internet Web browser GET / HTTP/1.1 Web server
42 Multiplexing/Demultiplexing Internet Web browser client GET / HTTP/1.1 HELO... Web server server
43 Multiplexing/Demultiplexing GET Web browser Web browser client /index.html GET / Internet HTTP/1.1 HELO... HTTP/1.1 Web server server
44 Multiplexing/Demultiplexing GET Web browser Web browser client /index.html GET / Internet HTTP/1.1 HELO... HTTP/1.1 Web server server How do we distinguish all these connections?
45 Multiplexing/Demultiplexing GET Web browser Web browser client /index.html GET / Internet HTTP/1.1 HELO... HTTP/1.1 Web server server How do we distinguish all these connections? (in this case, connections between the same two hosts)
46 Ports
47 Ports Eachapplicationrunningonahostisidentified(withinthathost)byaunique port number port numbers are simply cross-platform process identifiers
48 Ports Eachapplicationrunningonahostisidentified(withinthathost)byaunique port number port numbers are simply cross-platform process identifiers How do we identify a connection?
49 Ports Eachapplicationrunningonahostisidentified(withinthathost)byaunique port number port numbers are simply cross-platform process identifiers How do we identify a connection? two pairs of host and application identifiers i.e., two pairs(ip-address, port)
50 Ports Eachapplicationrunningonahostisidentified(withinthathost)byaunique port number port numbers are simply cross-platform process identifiers How do we identify a connection? two pairs of host and application identifiers i.e., two pairs(ip-address, port) Howdowefindoutwhichapplication(hostandportnumber)toconnectto?
51 Ports Eachapplicationrunningonahostisidentified(withinthathost)byaunique port number port numbers are simply cross-platform process identifiers How do we identify a connection? two pairs of host and application identifiers i.e., two pairs(ip-address, port) Howdowefindoutwhichapplication(hostandportnumber)toconnectto? outsidethescopeofthedefinitionofthetransportlayer but of course we can have well-known service numbers
52 Ports
53 Ports ThemessageformatofbothUDPandTCPstartswiththesourceand destination port numbers source port destination port...
54 Ports ThemessageformatofbothUDPandTCPstartswiththesourceand destination port numbers source port destination port... E.g., src port 1234 dst port 80 A B
55 Ports ThemessageformatofbothUDPandTCPstartswiththesourceand destination port numbers source port destination port... E.g., src port 1234 dst port 80 A B src port dst port
56 Ports ThemessageformatofbothUDPandTCPstartswiththesourceand destination port numbers source port destination port... E.g., src port 1234 dst port 80 A B 80 src port 1234 dst port
57 UDP Packet Format
58 UDP Packet Format The UDP message format is very simple source port destination port length checksum application data (message)
59 UDP Features
60 UDP Features UDP provides only the two most basic functionalities of a transport protocol
61 UDP Features UDP provides only the two most basic functionalities of a transport protocol application identification(multiplexing/demultiplexing)
62 UDP Features UDP provides only the two most basic functionalities of a transport protocol application identification(multiplexing/demultiplexing) integrity check by means of a CRC-type checksum
63 UDP Features UDP provides only the two most basic functionalities of a transport protocol application identification(multiplexing/demultiplexing) integrity check by means of a CRC-type checksum Whatifthereisnoapplicationattheotherend?
64 UDP Features UDP provides only the two most basic functionalities of a transport protocol application identification(multiplexing/demultiplexing) integrity check by means of a CRC-type checksum Whatifthereisnoapplicationattheotherend? How is the checksum computed? whichpartsofthesegmentdoesitcover?
65 UDP Features UDP provides only the two most basic functionalities of a transport protocol application identification(multiplexing/demultiplexing) integrity check by means of a CRC-type checksum Whatifthereisnoapplicationattheotherend? How is the checksum computed? whichpartsofthesegmentdoesitcover? What should happen when the checksum doesn t check?
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