Contents. Introduction

Transcription

1 Contents Preface Introduction xiii xvii 1 Why Did the Chicken Cross the Road? The Computer Turing Machine CT: Abstract Away A Brief History of Computers Software Programming Syntax and Semantics CT: Beware of Semantics Flowcharts CT: Ready for All Contingencies CT: First Things First CT: Check before Proceeding Algorithms CT: Make It an Algorithm CT: Consider Extreme Cases Pseudo Code CT: Step by Step The Euclidean GCD Algorithm CT: Apply Domain Knowledge Goals and How to Get There CT: Break It Down Road Crossing Exercises Bits, Bytes, and Words Digital Computers Binary Numbers CT: Meaning of Symbols Numbers in Other Bases CT: Evaluate Different Options v

2 vi 2.3 Positive and Negative Integers Modular Arithmetic CT: Mind Resource Limitations CT: Symbols Can Be Deceiving Base Conversion CT: Start from the End Characters US-ASCII Unicode CT: Data Context Editing Text Data Output CT: Deliver the Message Exercises True or False Digital Electronic Circuits CT: Notice the Logic CT: Bottom Up CT: Create a Virtuous Cycle Boolean Algebra Expressions and Laws Universal Gates Decision Making CT: Logic Checks Conditions and Implications CT: Follow the Logic Logic Applied to Bits CT: Combine Basic Components Logic and Iteration The while Loop The for Loop CT: Perform Everyday Programming Exercises Who Is the Master? What Is an Operating System? Operating System Kernel System Programs Open Source Software CT: Promote Free and Open Graphical User Interface Desktop Overview Desktop Components CT: Know Your Arena

3 4.6 Are You Talking to Me? Input Focus CT: Pay Attention to Details Event Handling Command-Line Interface CT: Mind the Trade-Off Files File Content Types File Tree CT: Learn from Trees File Management and Access Control Processes CT: Keep It in Context CT: Capture the State Process Lifecycle Process Address Space Virtual Address Space Layout Address Mapping CT: Timesharing Managing Tasks Up and Running CT: Better Control Better System Exercises Hello There! What Is a Network? The Internet Local and Wide Area Networks Internet Architecture CT: Redundancy for Safety CT: One and All Wireless Networking Networking Protocols CT: Follow Protocol IP Addresses Domain Names Client and Server CT: Interoperate Peer to Peer DNS Service CT: Indirection Adds Flexibility DNS Servers and Resolvers CT: Decentralize Domain Registration Accessing Domain Registration Data vii

4 viii 5.14 Packet Switching Cloud Computing CT: Backup in the Cloud Exercises Home Sweet Homepage :-) What Is a Web Server? Web Browsers A Brief History of the Web URLs CT: Be Aware of the Implicit Context URL Encoding CT: Wear Different Hats HTML and HTML CT: Mark It Up Webpage Styling Web Hosting CT: Really Use Your Website CT: Be Careful with Online Information Dynamic Generation of Webpages Active Server Pages Database Access Client-Side Scripting Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP Caching CT: Cache for Speed Website Development CT: Develop for Users Web Search Engines CT: Google It CT: Believe It or Not Web Services Standard Web Technologies Exercises Keeping It Safe Login Website Login CT: Safeguard Security Realms CT: Prevent Illicit Login HTTPS and SSL/TLS What Is a Digital Certificate? Cryptography Symmetric Cryptosystems CT: Secure Sensitive Files

5 CT: Add Security Layers Public-Key Cryptography CT: Breakthrough CT: Beware of Bugs RSA Public-Key Algorithm Digital Signature CT: Sign Digitally Message Digests Secure Secure with Thunderbird CT: Free from Surveillance Security Attacks and Defenses CT: All for One and One for All Exercises Solve That Problem Solving Puzzles Egg Frying Liquid Measuring A Magic Tray Sorting Bubble Sort Improved Bubble Sort CT: Cut It Down CT: Build It Up CT: Stepwise Refinement CT: Version Recursion CT: Remember Recursion Quicksort Recursive Solution Formula CT: Apply the Recursion Magic Tower of Hanoi Eight Queens General Backtracking Tree Traversals CT: Form Tree Structures Complexity CT: Weigh Speed vs. Complexity Heuristics CT: Devise Heuristics Exercises Data Everywhere 201 CT: Garbage in, Garbage Out ix

6 x 9.1 Digital Images Representing Color Raster Image Encoding Raster Image Formats CT: Small Is Beautiful Vector Graphics Scalable Vector Graphics Audio and Video Digital Audio Audio Encoding Formats Digital Video Video Containers Video Codecs Format of Data and Files CT: Interpreting Data CT: Data Is Application Dependent CT: Save Trees with PDF Data Sharing Document Markup What Is XML? XML Document Format XML for News Syndication CT: Markup for Interoperability Data Compression CT: Compression Is Not Encryption LZ Deflation Huffman Code CT: Customize for Efficiency Data Structures CT: Synthesize and Simplify What Is a Database? Relational Databases SQL: Structured Query Language CT: Combine Web and Database Big Data CT: Data to Insight Protecting Personal Data CT: Guard Personal Data Exercises Get That App Key Programs CT: Remind Yourself CT: Install That App Knowing Your Apps

7 CT: Learn That App CT: No App, No Way Program Configuration and Customization CT: Configure and Enjoy Process Cooperation CT: Coordinate or Else Machine Language Programs Assembly Language Programs High-Level Programs Compilers CT: Bootstrapping Software Development Object-Oriented Programming CT: Compartmentalize OOP Advantages OOP Concepts CT: Expose Only the Interface Object-Oriented Design Exercises Epilogue 249 CT: Reprogram Your Brain Website and Interactive Demos 251 Bibliography 253 Index 255 xi