Contents. Preface. 1 An Introduction to Web Engineering 1 Gerti Kappel, Birgit Pröll, Siegfried Reich, Werner Retschitzegger. 1.1 Motivation...

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1 Gerti Kappel ftoc.tex V2 - March 31, :11 P.M. Page v v Preface Forward xv xvii 1 An Introduction to Web Engineering 1 Gerti Kappel, Birgit Pröll, Siegfried Reich, Werner Retschitzegger 1.1 Motivation Categories of Web Applications Characteristics of Web Applications Product-related Characteristics Usage-related Characteristics Development-related Characteristics Evolution Objectives and Structure of the Book Requirements Engineering for Web Applications 23 Paul Grünbacher 2.1 Introduction Fundamentals Where Do Requirements Come From? Requirements Engineering Activities RE Specifics in Web Engineering Principles for RE of Web Applications Adapting RE Methods to Web Application Development...32

2 Gerti Kappel ftoc.tex V2 - March 31, :11 P.M. Page vi vi Requirement Types Notations Tools Outlook Modeling Web Applications 39 Wieland Schwinger, Nora Koch 3.1 Introduction Fundamentals Modeling Specifics in Web Engineering Levels Aspects Phases Customization Modeling Requirements Content Modeling Objectives Concepts Hypertext Modeling Objectives Hypertext Structure Modeling Concepts Access Modeling Concepts Relation to Content Modeling Presentation Modeling Objectives Concepts Relation to Hypertext Modeling Customization Modeling Objectives Concepts Relation to Content, Hypertext, and Presentation Modeling Methods and Tools...58

3 Gerti Kappel ftoc.tex V2 - March 31, :11 P.M. Page vii vii Modeling Methods: An Overview Model-Driven Development Tool Support Outlook Web Application Architectures 65 Christian Eichinger 4.1 Introduction Fundamentals What is an Architecture? Developing Architectures Categorizing Architectures Specifics of Web Application Architectures Components of a Generic Web Application Architecture Layered Architectures Layer Architectures N-Layer Architectures Data-aspect Architectures Database-centric Architectures Architectures for Web Document Management Architectures for Multimedia Data Outlook Technology-aware Web Application Design 85 Gerhard Austaller, Andreas Hartl, Markus Lauff, Fernando Lyardet, Max Mühlhäuser 5.1 Introduction Web Design from an Evolutionary Perspective Background Information Design: An Authoring Activity Software Design: A Programming Activity Merging Information Design and Software Design...93

4 Gerti Kappel ftoc.tex V2 - March 31, :11 P.M. Page viii viii Problems and Restrictions in Integrated Web Design A Proposed Structural Approach Presentation Design Presentation of Nodes and Meshes Device-independent Development Approaches Interaction Design User Interaction User Interface Organization Navigation Design Designing a Link Representation: The Anchor Designing Link Internals: The URL Navigation and Orientation Structured Dialog for Complex Activities Interplay with Technology and Architecture Functional Design Integration Communication Paradigms and Middleware Distributed Cross-corporate Web Applications Outlook Context-aware Applications Device-independent Applications Reusability Summary Technologies for Web Applications 111 Martin Nussbaumer, Martin Gaedke 6.1 Introduction Fundamentals Markup Hypertext and Hypermedia Client/Server Communication on the Web SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol RTSP Real Time Streaming Protocol HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol Session Tracking...114

5 Gerti Kappel ftoc.tex V2 - March 31, :11 P.M. Page ix ix 6.4 Client-side Technologies Helpers and Plug-ins Java Applets ActiveX Controls Document-specific Technologies HTML Hypertext Markup Language SVG Scalable Vector Graphics SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language XML extensible Markup Language XSL extensible Stylesheet Language Server-side Technologies URI Handlers Web Services Middleware Technologies Outlook Testing Web Applications 133 Christoph Steindl, Rudolf Ramler, Josef Altmann 7.1 Introduction Fundamentals Terminology Quality Characteristics Test Objectives Test Levels Role of the Tester Test Specifics in Web Engineering Test Approaches Conventional Approaches Agile Approaches Test Scheme Three Test Dimensions Applying the Scheme to Web Applications Examples of Using the Test Scheme Test Methods and Techniques

6 Gerti Kappel ftoc.tex V2 - March 31, :11 P.M. Page x x Link Testing Browser Testing Usability Testing Load, Stress, and Continuous Testing Testing Security Test-driven Development Test Automation Benefits and Drawbacks of Automated Tests Test Tools Selecting Test Tools Outlook Operation and Maintenance of Web Applications 155 Arno Ebner, Birgit Pröll, Hannes Werthner 8.1 Introduction Challenges Following the Launch of a Web Application Promoting a Web Application Newsletters Affiliate Marketing Search Engine Marketing Content-related Marketing Domain Management Content Management Content Update Rate and Demand on Currency Content Syndication Usage Analysis Usage Analysis Techniques Statistical Indicators User Behavior Analysis Outlook Web Project Management 171 Herwig Mayr 9.1 From Software Project Management to Web Project Management

7 Gerti Kappel ftoc.tex V2 - March 31, :11 P.M. Page xi xi Objectives of Software Project Management The Tasks of Software Project Management Conflicting Areas in Projects Specifics of Web Project Management Challenges in Web Project Management General Challenges in Software Development Development-related Challenges in Web Projects Product-related Challenges in Web Projects Managing Web Teams Software Development: A Human-centered Task The Web Project Team The Web Project Manager Managing the Development Process of a Web Application Deploying the Tools Measuring Progress Project Risks Risk Management Outlook The Web Application Development Process 197 Gregor Engels, Marc Lohmann, Annika Wagner 10.1 Motivation Fundamentals Requirements for a Web Application Development Process Handling Short Development Cycles Handling Changing Requirements Releases with Fixed Deadlines and Flexible Parallel Development of Different Releases Reuse and Integration Adapting to Web Application s Complexity Level Summary Analysis of the Rational Unified Process Introduction General Suitability for Web Application Development Does RUP meet the Requirements of Web Applications?...209

8 Gerti Kappel ftoc.tex V2 - March 31, :11 P.M. Page xii xii 10.5 Analysis of Extreme Programming Introduction Does XP meet the Requirements of Web Application Development? Outlook Usability of Web Applications 219 Martin Hitz, Gerhard Leitner, Rudolf Melcher 11.1 Motivation What is Usability? What Characterizes the Usability of Web Applications? Design Guidelines Response Times Interaction Efficiency Colors Text Layout Page Structure Navigation Structure Multiculturality Confidence-generating Measures Other Design Criteria Web Usability Engineering Methods Requirements Analysis Design Implementation Operation Web Usability Engineering Trends Usability Patterns Mobile Usability Accessibility Outlook Performance of Web Applications 247 Gabriele Kotsis 12.1 Introduction What Is Performance?

9 Gerti Kappel ftoc.tex V2 - March 31, :11 P.M. Page xiii xiii 12.3 What Characterizes the Performance of Web Applications? System Definition and Indicators Characterizing the Workload Analytical Techniques Operational Analysis Queuing Networks and Simulation Models Measuring Approaches Representing and Interpreting Results Performance Optimization Methods Acceleration Within a Web Application Reducing Transmission Time Server Tuning Outlook Security for Web Applications 265 Martin Wimmer, Alfons Kemper, Stefan Seltzsam 13.1 Introduction Aspects of Security Encryption, Digital Signatures and Certificates Symmetric Cryptography Asymmetric Cryptography Digital Signatures Certificates and Public Key Infrastructure Secure Client/Server-Interaction Point-to-Point Security End-to-End Security User Authentication and Authorization Electronic Payment Systems Client Security Issues Preserving Privacy Mobile Code Security Phishing and Web Spoofing Desktop Security Service Provider Security Issues

10 Gerti Kappel ftoc.tex V2 - March 31, :11 P.M. Page xiv xiv Cross-Site Scripting SQL Injection Security of CGI Programs Service Availability Host Security Outlook The Semantic Web The Network of Meanings in the Network of Documents 293 Wernher Behrendt, Nitin Arora 14.1 Fundamentals of the Semantic Web The Role of Software Agents The Role of Semantic Markup The Role of Ontologies Technological Concepts Agents According to the FIPA Standard Ontologies Semantic Markup on the Web Specifics of Semantic Web Applications Semantic Markup Agents Ontologies Semantic Web Services Integration into Web Engineering Tools Outlook Glossary 317 Author s Bios 329 Bibliography 337 Credits 357 Index 359

Web Engineering. The Discipline of Systematic Development of Web Applications. Edited by

Web Engineering. The Discipline of Systematic Development of Web Applications. Edited by Web Engineering The Discipline of Systematic Development of Web Applications Edited by Gerti Kappel, Birgit Pröll, Siegfried Reich, Werner Retschitzegger Web Engineering Web Engineering The Discipline