Scratch Overview * Dairi Pärn. Translated By: Dairi Pärn. 1 Scratch

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1 OpenStax-CNX module: m Scratch Overview * Dairi Pärn Translated By: Dairi Pärn This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 Scratch Overview Abstract 1 Scratch Scratch is a free educational 1 programming language 2 that was developed by the Lifelong Kindergarten Group 3 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 4 (MIT). The current version, 2.0 5, can be downloaded here 6 (the previous version, 1.4 7, can be downloaded here 8 ) or accessed with the online editor here 9. Scratch is designed to be fun, educational, and easy to learn. It has the tools for creating interactive stories, games, art, simulations, and more. Scratch even has its own paint editor 10 and sound editor 11 built-in. Users program in Scratch by dragging blocks 12 from the block palette 13 and attaching them to other blocks like a jigsaw puzzle. Structures of multiple blocks are called scripts 14. This method of programming (building code with blocks) is referred to as "drag-and-drop programming 15 ". The URL of the Scratch Website 16 is scratch.mit.edu 17. * Version 1.1: Feb 20, :36 pm

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3 OpenStax-CNX module: m Figure 2 2 Uses Scratch is used in schools around the world as a means of introducing basic computer programming to children. It is also used outside of schools, usually introduced by friends or parents. [ citation needed 18 ] Children and even adults gain an understanding of the fundamentals of programming with Scratch, and often move on to other programming languages 19. During their use of Scratch, people can create, remix 20, and collaborate 21 with others on Scratch projects Environment In designing the language, the creators' main priority was to make the language and development environment intuitive and easily learned by children who had no previous programming experience. There is a strong contrast between the powerful multimedia functions and multi-threaded programming style and the rather limited scope of the Scratch programming language. Scratch 's development environment at startup. External Image Please see: Scratch 2 Beta Overview video Figure 3 The user interface 24 for the Scratch development environment divides the screen into several panes: on the in the middle is the blocks palette, on the right the scripts area, and on the left the stage and sprite list

4 OpenStax-CNX module: m The blocks palette has code fragments (called "blocks") that can be dragged onto the scripts area to make programs. To keep the palette from displaying a great quantity of blocks and for ease if use, it is organized into 10 groups of blocks: motion, looks, sound, pen, control, events, sensing, operators, variables, and more blocks. 4 Origin of the Word "Scratch" was used as the title for The Lifelong Kindergarten Group's programming language, as it is to do with "scratching" referring to music. Scratching is a DJ or turntablist technique used to produce distinctive sounds by moving a vinyl record back and forth on a turntable while optionally manipulating the crossfader on a DJ mixer.[1] 29 Wikipedia Likewise, within Scratch, you take dierent bits of code (blocks 30 ), put them together, and have made something new. We take the name "Scratch," from the way that hip-hop disk jockeys scratch with music. They take pieces of music and then combine them together in unexpected and creative ways. Mitchell Resnick, Lifelong Kindergarten Group at MIT Table Variants of the Word The word "Scratch" has spawned other phrases that have become popular amongst users of Scratch: Scratcher 31 A user of Scratch Scratching A verb which means to use Scratch Scratched A project that is an attempted replica of another game. e.g. "Pac-man Scratched" Scratch Time 32 The timezone that the forums 33 are set in (EST/EDT) Scratch On! A phrase coined by the Scratch Team 34, and used by them (although has been adapted by other Scratchers as well) to encourage users, meaning "carry on using Scratch" 5 Motto Scratch's motto is Imagine Program Share. This follows the basic principle of creating a Scratch Project 35. First of all, you think of an idea (imagine), next, you program your idea in Scratch (program), then nally share it with the world (share). Since the release of Scratch 2.0, the motto has been less apparent throughout the website; the front page no longer has the motto but instead a description of what Scratch is. 6 Versions Main article: Scratch Versions 36. Scratch is currently on version , the online editor ocially released on May 9, 2013 and the oine editor on August 26, It's predecessor is Scratch , which was

5 OpenStax-CNX module: m released on July 2, The previous, older versions are Scratch , Scratch , Scratch , and Scratch Each version had signicant changes, especially the jump from 1.4 to 2.0. Not only did the program update with version 2.0, but the entire website evolved. 7 See Also Getting Started With Scratch 43 Scratch on Wikipedia 44 the description of Scratch on an external website Scratch Programming Language 45 analyzing Scratch as a programming language Scratch the current version of the Scratch website and program Programming Language 47 what they are and their uses to the world of computer science 8 References Scratch Project Ideas Figure 4 10 Scratchi teadmiste kontroll Scratchi teemaline ristsõna Figure