starling hptli: Depth 1: : Log 1: -Z Z: 8.888

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1 SetUne the _Ie.. starling hptli: Depth 1: : Log 1: -Z Z: Change <'ilk> On digitizer. aelect the follow Ing coord inates us ing the sty Ius 01' CIU'SOI': B &-Z S88.IHI IHI. 888 ItDI LOG <cotrruije> AXIS OIECJI DELm QUIT Once the user agrees to the display points, LOGDIGI displays the coordinate pairs one at a time. After the coordinate pair is shown on the screen, the user is requested to select that coordinate on the digitizer using the cursor or stylus. If the pen-like stylus is used, the user places the stylus at the appropriate point on the log and ~ either 1) presses down with the stylus or 2) presses the side trigger button. If the four button cursor is used, the user lines the cursor cross-hairs at the appropriate point and presses any of the cursor buttons. If larger cursor pads are used with LOGDIGI, several buttons may be preprogrammed and not available for use with LOGDIGI. If three points are used to define the grid, the coordinate pairs are displayed: (Depth 1, Log 1), (Depth 2, Log 1), and (Depth 1, Log 2). If four points are chosen, the user will define (Depth 1, Log 1), (Depth 2, Log 1), (Depth 1, Log 2), and (Depth 2, Log 2). The selection of whether to use three or four points is made in LOGDIGI's Setup Menu. An option to check the grid orientation and to refine the grid as needed is in the interactive grid option. This method is useful when digitizing paper logs that are very skewed and stretched (for example when faxed or copied) or when digitizing several hundred or thousand feet of data at one time on a larger tablet. The general procedure is to divide the log in several sections and digitize section midpoints to determine the extent of the log stretch or skewness. Users begin by defining the top and bottom four points as described above. LOGDIGI then prompts the user to pick the depth midpoints (Depth1 + (Depth2-Depthl) /2, Log 1) and (Depthl + (Depth2- Depth1)/2, Log2). The program then computes and displays the error between the coordinates selected from the tablet and those computed using the grid defined by the initial four points. Page 11

2 Tota 1 Section: & B CwT Section: 1511II.& Press.idpoints 01 aectlon: IHI.1I88 Z & Error=8.187 Finishecl.? <Y/IO :!: I HDI LOG (COtIl'UlJE> ~IS OIECX DEIJ.TE QUIT The error is computed as the average of the delta distances between the computed and digitized depths. Thus the magnitude of the error is dependent upon the size of the log. An error near zero means the digitized and calculated points are nearly identical. The user can select to use the initial four points for their grid or divide the grid into two sections defined by six points. The process can continue until the user is satisfied by the grid definition. E. Digitizing the Curve Once the well log orientation and grid have been defined, the user can begin digitizing the curve. LOGDIGI prints DIGITIZING... on-screen and as the user moves the curser or stylus over the well log curve, LOG- DIGI prints the coordinate pairs of the selected points. On the left side of the screen the digitized curve is plotted. Thus the user can quickly tell if the log units have been correctly defined and if the digitized curve resembles in shape the printed well log. Press <F10> when you have completed digitizing the curve (e.g. you have reached the end of the tablet or zone of interest). F. Off-scale If the curve you have selected has off-scale portions, these can be quickly digitized by using the <F1> key to toggle between on-scale and off-scale. Pressing <F1> automatically changes the grid to the off-scale left and right values. Pressing <F1> again returns the user to the on-scale values. Notice, when you begin digitizing, the middle of the right side will read "Normal Scale - Press Fl to change". Upon pressing the <F1> key it will now read "Off-scale Press F1 to ~ change." Page 12

3 G. Special Features 1. Adding Curves - If a user has a log which is not in the list defined by the file DEFAULT.DT2 (discussed in Appendix D), this log can be added to the list as a user-defined log curve. Adding to the log list is done by pressing <A> for adding a log from the log curve selection screen. The user is first prompted for the new curve's reference code number. When choosing a log reference number, refer to the table of The Logic Group's reference numbers listed in Appendix B. Numbers and can be user defined without conflicting with other codes when using The Logic Group's well logging programs. Next, the program prompts for the curve name and scale. Enter the curve name (8 or less characters), then the left and right scale values for on-scale and left and right scale values for off-scale. Last, enter whether the curve is linear or logarithmic by entering a 1 for linear scales and a 2 for logarithmic scales. The curves defined as logarithmic scales appear with an asterisk (*) in the log curve list. Note, as you enter the curve's information, it will appear at the bottom of the curve list on the left side of the screen. Code Scale Scale Log "- Left Right - Input Ref81'e11C8 Code: 8 Spontaneoua Potentia -28._ 8._ c:-a Ray B._ 128._ Input Log "-e: 36 Sonic 1'NYe1 TIMe 111II._ 48._ GB Max 41 Bulk Density Z._ Input Scale Left: 45 lleutron Porosity 45._ Loltera log 8 Ilea ieuy B.288 ZIIIIB.1III8ot Input Scale Right: B8 HI B SII._ t1edi. Resistiyity B.288 ZIIIIB.1III8ot Input OFf_Ie Left: 98 Deep Resistiyity ZIIIIB.1III8ot 8 98 Rilcl 11._ 58._ Input OFf_Ie Right: 9Z ShallCIW lleaietiyity B.288 ZIIIIB.1III8ot 158 9Z 18FL B._ 28._ Input Scale: <i-z> 181 well B._ 188._ 1-Llnear 2-Log 185 Rxo Jlesiriivi~ B.2BB 2B.1JB8ot 112 It III8ot 28 GB Max 8._ 1511._ (IIDI LOG> cotn'iilje AXIS OD:CX DEIEI'E QUIT 2. Redigitizing - Often users wish to redigitize a section of a curve which was digitized incorrectly. This is simply done by selecting the log curve and retracing those depths previously digitized incorrectly. During processing, LOGDIGI will replace the old values with the new ones... ~. Dele~inq Point~ - The user may find that while digitizing, the d i qlt t zed.po i.nt.s are arico rr-ect; due to tracing the wrong curve or a stylus SllPS, or the user has input incorrect starting points. This can be quickly rectified using the <DELETE> option. Once the option ha~ been selected, the user is requested to either l) pick a range of po mt.s to delete or 2) pick a point on the digitizer and delete all po i.nt;s beyond that point. If the user chooses the range of points, pr ompt s are given for the beginning and ending depths of the range whlch 1S to be deleted. If the user picks a point on the digitizing Page 13

4 tablet, all depth points greater than the selected point will be deleted. Note, the <DELETE> option works with only those points which have not yet been processed. rlrat. Dept.h 1197 Last. Dept.h = 1563 Preu CUJ'IIOJ' at. potnt. to stari deleting Deleting 11'01: 3839 to: 1563 Deleting IDIplete. Choose a Menuoption: lid! LOG COIfJ'I tile AXIS QIEC)( (DEIJ:I'E> QUIT 4. Checking Axis ~ignment - If a user thinks the paper may have slipped, the AXIS CHECK option can check to see how closely the defin- ~ ing points are to those originally input. The program displays both movement of the origin, in fractions of an inch, and the shift in the axis rotation, in degrees. I'oaIt.lon cjoecjc: Origin ahllt.ed liy IncJea. Log l'ot.atal Joy a..s-. Choose a option: KBI LOG COfIJ'I file (AXI S ad:cj() DEU:I'E QUIT After checking the axis, the user can continue digitizing <CONTINUE>, choose a new log to digitize <NEW LOG>, delete points <DELETE>, or quit to process the data <QUIT>. Page 14

5 H. Processing the Data The digitized data must go through processing since the data coming from the digitiz~r is not. in even increments (i.e. one foot, 1/2 foot, one meter) as 1S the des1red output format. The following algorithm is used to process the data: 1. Sort the data by depth 2. Linearly interpolate the data at even intervals 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for all well log curves digitized 4. Merge all logs together to form a single data file 5. Add the data to any previously digitized file When the QUIT selection is chosen from the Digitizing Menu, LOG- DIGI gives the user three options: <P> to process, <Ese> to return to the Digitizing Menu, and <Q> to quit without processing. Please note, pressing <Q> to quit without processing will lose all digitized data not previously processed. S Press: <p) to hegin processing data <Q} to '{Uit without processing (ESe) to return to digitizing _00-158&- -168ft- Spontane 11»I LOG <COH'l'IIlJE) AXIS QIEC)( DELETE QUIT I. Creating the Data File - LOGDIGI is designed so that logs from a well can be combined into a single data file. After one log curve has been digitized, the user selects <NEWLOG> to begin digitizing the next curve. After all curves have been digitized, the user selects <QUIT> and the data is processed. Typically, users process their data after digitizing each curve or after several hundred feet of several curves. We recommend processing the data often. The end results of the processing is a file with the first three lines containing identifying information such as the filename, starting depth, ending depth and reference numbers of the log values. The data is then presented in a column format with depth followed by each log parameter in the order defined by the reference numbers. If data was not digitized in some log curves over certain intervals, a -999 is placed in the file. Example data files are listed in Appendix E. Page 15

6 V. Viewing and Editing Log Data Besides the digitizing capability of LOGDIGI, the program offers users the ability to display and edit data files. The display mode of LOGDIGI provides that one or two log curves can be displayed. On the left side of the screen a graphical representation of the curves is given while on the right side of the screen the actual points are listed. All curves have the y-axis as depth and the x-axis as the appropriate log parameter. From the Main Menu, select VIEW. A window will appear requesting the user to enter the desired filename and the depth range for viewing. LOGDIGI's view mode can display up to two thousand data points, 2000 feet of one curve at a one foot interval or 1000 feet of two curves with data every half foot. If a file has already been loaded, the filename along with the depth range will appear. Next the user enters the starting and ending depths for viewing.. After the data is loaded, the viewing menu is displayed at the bottom of the screen with the following options: LOGS, ZOOM, EDIT, QUIT, and DEPTH. These options allow the user to view the logs on-screen and to edit individual points as desired. M"H!WClii Enter File_: EX. Depth Range: Start Depth: Stop Depth: FILE DIGITIZE <VI00 smlp QUIT To choose which logs to view, select LOGS. A small window appears on the left which lists the logs contained in the defined data file and a win~ow displaying instructions appears on the right. The logs i~ the log 11st can be selected by moving the cursor with the up and down arrow keys. A lo.g is sel,ected for viewing by pressing the space bar when the cursor 1S oppcs i t e the log. An * will appear beside the sele~ted logs. Once the logs to be viewed are chosen, pressing <F10> contlnues the program. Page 16

7 EJ wt-id -Place an '.' to 4i lay log -Space bar toggles '.' cnvoff --u- IJp.'JIGm bya to c:u..- ==> -tip to t-. loga can lie 4i layeol at Dne tt.e - (F1B> when finlaloe<l to continue II (LOGS) zoot IJ)IT QUIT DEPnt The selected logs are shown on the left side of the screen i~ low resolution mode. Low resolution displays a total of 2000 data polnts. Depths with the corresponding log values (the coordinate pair listing) are shown on the right side of the screen...,,,h'w,",,, uoo DEPI'H Latel'alo GaImIa R Ti' > 'uoo ==> ?BB ZB I I t Lai:eralo.a"n (LOGS) ZOCI1 EDIT QUIT DEPI'H To view the logs in a higher resolution, the user can select the ZOOM option. The ZOOM displays about fifty points above and below the current depth defined by the present location of the cursor. The ZOOM option works as a toggle switch between high and low resolution and the current selection is displayed at the top of the screen. The current depth pointer beside the log graph moves corresponding to the cursor on ~ the coordinate listing. The cursor can be moved using the up and down arrow keys and <PgUp> and <PgDn> keys. Page 17

8 '."!I e't 00 DEPTH Latera 10 ~ i 7: i ,.,00 ==> &.23 T & B.1& l."er~10 e_""_._ LOGS <ZOa1> EDIT QUIT DEPTH Besides using the arrow keys to move the depth coordinate cursor, the user can select the DEPTH option. At any time the depth currently corresponding to the cursor is displayed on the bottom of the screen next to the DEPTH option. When the DEPTH option is selected, a different depth can be entered and the listing of the log data and graphing of the log curves will be updated around that depth. LOGDIGI provides users with a simple point editor. To begin editing, select the EDIT option. An instruction window will appear on the left side of the screen. Move the cursor to underline the desired coordinate pair, then press <E> to edit the depth value and/or curve value. The present number is blanked and the user enters the new number then <CR>. When all editing is finished, pressing <F10> takes the user to the viewing menu. T '.00,tOO ~ If IMII - L DEPTH Latera 10 <>-aril i i 7: ~ I, % Ilse {lid {LT> (UP) {OO to change coll.lis Press <E> to edit Jllaber ==> Pre" <RTfO after inputing TUIIIber Press <F1B> to exit editing BB I 0.10 & l."eralo h"," It LOGS ZOO1 (EDIT> QUIT DEPTH Page 18

9 If a user wished to edit an entire zone, this can more quickly be done by redigitizing that zone. LOGDIGI files can also be modified by using word processors, spreadsheets, and databases. VJ:. Loading a Data File LOGDIGI allows users to create new data files or add log curves to existing files. To create a new file, enter FILE from the Main Menu. The File Menu contains: NEW, LOAD, and QUIT. Upon selecting NEW, a box will appear requesting the filename (up to eight characters), the subdirectory which will contain the file, information describing the file, and the Well's API number. Note, LOGDIGI will automatically add the ".dat" extension unless the user has reset the extension option in the File-Load screen. Pressing <FIO> will continue the program. File flare: Suhdirec10ry : ~ MT InfOl'Riltion : API ber: Press <FUI>10 ~h e Press <F1> 10 uleu rile dlrec10ry To load a file, select LOAD from the File Menu. A list of files will appear on the left side of the screen with their corresponding previously entered information on the right side of the screen. To move between files use the up and down arrow keys. To move between screens, use the <PgUp> and <PgDn> keys. Page 19

10 1J;t;'"ml' AJIJIIREP DAT CllSEl.DAT DIME.DAT DSttOW1. DAT EX.DAT GAL32111.DAT 35618B3Z761 llanjai ExaRple GASlItITl.DAT GEOIIGE DAT GLOUERl.DAT HFCUJBl. DAT HFCUIB2.DAT HOLLOWY1.DAT LAnDERS1.DAT LAnDERSZ.DAT IICFAT1. DAT ncolulll.dat REYESTl.DAT REYGlJl.DAT BIm.DAT Ise 4 r <P<ltJp> :J'<rDn> 10 IIOUI!. <CJt> 10 seled. <DEL> 10 dele~. <ESt> 10 rewrn If the file you are looking for is not listed, check the subdirectory displayed on the bottom of the screen. The subdirectory in which data files are read and written can be changed by selecting the <F1> key. The extension added to data files can also be set from the <Fl> prompt to be no extension or any needed extension. VII. LOGDIGI Example To provide users with a systematic approach to learning LOGDIGI, the following example is presented. For this example we will digitize 250 feet of data for the gamma ray and lateralog resistivity log curves. This example shows how to begin the digitizing process and illustrates several of LOGDIGI's special features for digitizing. The sample log used in this example is provided at the back of this manual. This log portion goes from 4780 to 5050 feet. The log contains the gamma ray and lateralog resistivity curves. We wish to digitize from 4800 to 5050 feet, 250 feet of data. After beginning LOG- DIGI, select FILE from the Main Menu. Then select NEW. Type in EX for the filename, C:\DIGI\ for the subdirectory, Manual Example for the information and for the API number. Pressing <F10> returns you to the Main Menu. Page 20