Adding Documents To A Project

Transcription

1 82 Adding Documents To A Project When you add a document to your project, a new Primary Document, which is an ATLAS.ti internal object, is created (named, for example, P 1 ), and the data source (e. g., file text_1.rtf) is associated with this PD at the same time. This is by far the most common case. Contrary to common belief, neither the document nor its content become part of the project file, the HU, itself. The document is merely referenced either in its original location ( external / linked document ) or, typically, in the project library ( My Library, or project-specific library). An exception to this rule are embedded documents. The content of embedded documents is stored within the HU file itself. This is the case when you create a new text document (see Adding embedded documents (Text files only) ), when you import f4, f5 or Transana transcripts (see Importing Associated Documents Transcribed elsewhere ) and when importing survey data (see Importing Survey Data ). More than one data source can be added as PD at the same time (e. g., by selecting multiple files in the file dialog), but there is no need to add all documents at one time. You can add more files during the course of the analytical process. Bulk-added files are listed in alphabetically order. For every PD an ID is created consisting of a prefix P and a consecutive number. In addition, the name of the data source (file name) is appended to the ID. This name can be changed later for display purposes. Figure 61: ID and names of primary documents This one source - multiple PDs principle is not restricted to one HU. A data source can be added as a PD (or many PDs) in more than one HU. Each PD, however, refers to exactly one data source.

2 83 Thus, if you plan to analyze a single document source from several different perspectives, there is no need to create physical copies of the document and add each of the copies as a PD to the HU. A single data source can be added more than once, which creates as many PDs, each with its own number and ID, but they all refer to the same data source. Adding Documents Via The File Dialog To add files: From the DOCUMENTS main menu, choose NEW / ADD DOCUMENTS... Or click on the file loader button in the main tool bar. Browse and select one or more data source files to be added to the HU and click the Open button. The selected files are added as Primary Documents and the data sources are imported into the standard library. We recommend that you do not directly add documents from a cloud storage space. Download them first to a hard drive before adding them to an ATLAS.ti project. Adding Documents Via Drag & Drop Adding documents using Drag & Drop may be more convenient when you have different browsers opened on different folders. Open the Windows File Explorer. (e. g., by selecting TOOLS / EXPLORER from the main menu) Select the folder from where you want to add files. Select one or more files. Drag the selected files onto the HU Editor. Complete folders can be assigned in one step You may also drag & drop sub folders. This essentially adds all files stored in the sub folders and any sub folders below. Documents that are not compatible with ATLAS.ti are rejected.

3 84 You can imagine that this operation can assign an unexpected number of files to your HU. Make sure you know what is in your folders prior to assigning them in bulk. You can drag arbitrary files (as opposed to the standard technique that filters the files offered). ATLAS.ti however detects incompatible file formats during the quality check (see section File Quality Check). Adding Documents By Dragging A Link Add documents by dragging a link directly from your web browser into the PD list field or PD Manager window. Adding Documents From The Library If the library already contains documents, you may also add them from the library: From the DOCUMENTS main menu, choose NEW / ADD FROM LIBRARY... File Quality Check During the import process, a quality check takes place. If you add large-sized files, you will be asked whether you want to keep these documents linked rather than to import them. If your audio files were created with a variable bit rate (VBR), ATLAS.ti offers to convert them into files with a constant bit rate instead. Unless you have very good reasons against it, you should always allow conversion; this increases the precision of quotations.

4 85 VBR files can behave very poorly when it comes to playing the exact clips that were captured as quotations. Figure 62: File quality check during import If you add a non-compatible format (e.g., an Open Office document), you will also be informed: Figure 63: File quality check: Adding non-compatible file formats If the document only contains plain text, you can choose to import it as text document.

5 86 Adding Multimedia Documents You can add audio and video files using the methods described above. As the data sources are copied when they are imported into the library, you may want to consider to assign large video files as external documents (DOCUMENTS / NEW / ASSIGN EXTERNAL DOCUMENTS). The file quality check will alert you if this is the case (see File Quality Check ). When adding a video file, preview images are created and displayed on the right-hand side of the video. The size of the preview images is up to 50 x 50 pixels. To create these images, one frame per second is selected. If your video contains fewer key frames, there will be fewer preview images. This has an effect on selecting start and end positions for quotations. The fewer preview images you have, the more difficult it is to set precise start and ending points. Please keep this in mind when preparing your video files. Make sure that your video contains at least one key frame per second. Depending on the length of the video, creating the preview images may take a few seconds or up to a few minutes. You can already start working on the file. You don't need to wait for all images to be created. Next to the preview images you see the audio wave form (see also Figure 74). Adding Embedded Documents (Text Files Only) Embedded documents are stored with the HU file. Thus, the data sources are neither linked as external files nor is a copy stored in the library. A project solely consisting of embedded documents is suitable for smaller studies with up to approximately 100 documents. It however always depends on the size of the documents. This approach is also a good option for working with sensitive data material. When saving the HU, the data material is highly compressed and therefore unreadable outside ATLAS.ti. In addition, the HU can be password-protected. This should make unauthorized access reasonably difficult. Embedded documents are also used: when working with associated documents or when importing f4 / f5 or Transana transcripts (see Data Transcription) when importing survey data (see Importing Survey Data ) when using memos as PDs (see Adding Memos as Primary Documents).

6 87 How To Create A New Embedded Document You generate a new empty text document within ATLAS.ti and then you copy and paste the contents that you want to analyze into it: Open ATLAS.ti and select the main menu option DOCUMENTS / NEW / NEW TEXT DOCUMENT. Enter a name for the document into the window that opens. The document is loaded in edit mode. Copy the text you want to analyze and paste it into the primary document. Protect the document by quitting edit mode. You will find the edit mode button in the main toolbar towards the right hand side. Click on the pen and select the option SAVE AND LEAVE EDIT MODE. Proceed in the same way with all other documents that you want to analyze. Save the HU file. Make sure that you always create a backup copy of this file and store it at a safe location! Adding A Google Earth Document To create a new GE PD: From the Documents or Project main menu, choose NEW / NEW GOOGLE EARTH PD. Or click on the file loaded button [see left] in the main tool bar. ATLAS.ti starts the application Google Earth for you and displays the Google Earth window within the ATLAS.ti editor. Depending on the speed of your internet connection this may take a few seconds. Create And Adding A Google Earth Snapshot You can create a snapshot from the geographic region that is currently shown on your screen within the HU editor. This snapshot is automatically added as a primary document. From the Documents or Project main menu, choose NEW / NEW GOOGLE EARTH SNAHPSHOT PD. Or click on the file loaded button in the main tool bar. Then check your list of primary documents. The new GE snapshot has been added at the end of PD list and can now be loaded and treated like an image document.

7 88 Adding Memos As Primary Documents You can also use memos as PDs. They will be turned into embedded documents (see Adding embedded documents (Text files only) ). This enables you, for example, to apply codes to your analytic notes on the data. Select a memo in the Memo Manager. Select the menu option MISCELLANEOUS / USE AS PRIMARY DOC. T You find more detail on the memo function in the section Working with Memos. Rearranging And Renumbering PDs The ID of a PD determines its position in the list of PDs when in default sort order (by name). To rearrange PDs (to change their Ids), use one of the following options: Rearrange a selected PD only. Rearrange one or more PDs using drag & drop. Renumber all PDs to make the current sort permanent while eliminating gaps in the numbering at the same time. Of course, all quotations belonging to a repositioned PD are taken along. Rearranging A Selected Primary Document Select the PD in the Document Manager whose list position should be changed. Choose DOCUMENTS / MISCELLANEOUS /CHANGE POSITION from the main menu. Enter a position number after which the selected document is to be moved. Rearranging Primary Documents Using Drag & Drop Rearranging PDs via drag & drop is a convenient alternative and lets you rearrange a number of selected PDs concurrently. Open the PDocs Manager. Select one or more PDs.

8 89 Start to drag the PD(s). A dashed bar appears at the current list insertion point. Drop the PDs when you reach the desired location for the documents. Set the sort criterion to ID by clicking on the ID header for an optimal feedback of the renumbering procedure. Renumbering All Primary Documents This option becomes useful after you removed several documents from a HU. When removing PDs from a HU, previously assigned IDs (e. g. "P 1") are not "released." This results in gaps in the sequence of PD numbers. You may remove these gaps by renumbering all PDs in the HU using the Renumber All feature. Select DOCUMENTS / MISCELLANEOUS / RENUMBER ALL from the main menu. It is not necessary to renumber PDs in ATLAS.ti. But doing so can give reports a cleaner appearance. Loading And Navigating Primary Documents Loading Primary Documents Whenever the content of a PD needs to be displayed, printed, or searched, it accesses its data source (file, memo) and loads the content. This request is often triggered indirectly, e. g., by displaying (or printing) a quotation. For performance reasons, documents are only loaded once; they are cached unless this option is turned off. The following lists a few procedures that directly or indirectly load the content of a PD: Activating it in the document drop-down list or the PD Manager. Activating a quotation in the quotation drop-down list or the Quotation Manager. Selecting a quotation for an activated (double-clicked) code or memo. Activating a hyperlink in the margin area. Using the LOAD option from the context menu of a PD node in a Network Editor.

9 90 To Load A PD Using The Drop-down List Click on the PD drop-down list. Select a PD by clicking on an entry in the list. The selected PD is displayed in the PD pane. If the list does not display all PDs assigned, the scrollbar lets you navigate the list of entries. To Load A PD Using The PD Manager Open the PD Manager by clicking the button to the left of the PD dropdown list. Double-click an entry in the PD Manager to load and display the PD. The HU is also protected against accidental concurrent editing. Content Caching By default, the content of PDs is cached, (i. e., kept in memory) unless this option has been switched off in GENERAL PREFERENCES. The benefit of caching is that the time a document requires to be ready for use is greatly reduced whenever its content is accessed more than once (e. g., when auto-coding text passages). The drawback of caching is that a larger amount of internal memory is required when loading many large documents, which might in turn create performance issues on systems with insufficient memory. Caching can be turned off completely, but you can also empty the cache periodically by choosing menu option DOCUMENTS / DATA SOURCE MANAGEMENT / CLEAR DOCUMENTS CACHE. With caching turned off, repetitive operations such as auto-coding will be significantly slowed down.

10 91 Multi-Document View When you click on the plus sign on the right hand side of the HU editor, you can open up three more regions for displaying documents. Thus, you can simultaneously view (and work on!) up to four documents side-by-side. Drag a document from the navigation pane (see Navigation Pane [11]) or the P-Docs Manager onto the region button at the right hand side of the HU Editor to load a second document. Alternatively, click on the region button first to open a new region and then drag a document in the empty region pane. Figure 64: HU editor with two document regions The PD bar is yellow to indicate the current active document. All inactive PD bars are gray. You can turn an inactive document into an active one by either clicking on the gray PD bar, or simply click inside the document pane of the inactive document. If you only want to compare the documents without seeing the margin area, you can switch the margin area off by selecting the main menu option VIEWS / MARGIN AREA or click on the Margin button in the vertical tool bar. This switches the margin area on or off for the currently active document only. If you want to change the position of the documents, click on a PD bar and drag & drop it into the desired document region.

11 92 Figure 65: Moving documents between regions Navigating Within Primary Documents The available navigation options depend on the media type of the selected PD. Navigating Within Textual Primary Documents Textual PDs allow for a variety of options to display different parts of the text: You can scroll up and down using the mouse wheel. The arrow keys and other navigational keys can be used to move through the text. Jump to specific line/paragraph numbers using the GO-TO-PARAGRAPH button to the left of the PD pane. You may also zoom the content via the ZOOM PD button in the vertical tool bar (see left). To reset the view to 100%, hold down both SHIFT+CTRL key while you click on the ZOOM + button. You find a selection of predefined sizes in the Size tab in the bottom right of Figure 66: Setting the display size of primary documents the ATLAS.ti window:

12 93 Some Additional Notes On Displaying And Navigating PDF Documents You can view PDF documents page by page or select to view continuous pages. If your PDF documents contain bookmarks, you can chose whether you want to see them or not and where to position them. To change the settings for PDF documents, select the main menu option TOOLS / PREFERENCES / PDF PREFERENCES. Figure 67: Setting PDF preferences Click on the colored rectangular area to select a highlight color. Select the continuous page display option to scroll down the entire PDF document. If selecting the single page option, only one page at a time is displayed. When moving down and up the scroll bar, a preview image of the other pages is displayed (see below).

13 94 Figure 68: Single page view with preview image When selecting the single page view, click on the Page button in the status bar to move back and forth. Or click on the preview image to jump to the displayed page. Figure 69: Page button in the status bar In case, the PDF document includes bookmarks and you want to display them, select the appropriate option in the Preferences window (see Figure 67). Bookmarks are displayed in the navigation pane: Figure 70: Display of PDF bookmarks Changing The Display Size Of PDF Documents If you increase the size of the editor window, the size of the PDF page is enlarged. You can also use the Zoom buttons in the vertical tool bar and the

14 95 size tab in the status bar to set the display size of your PDF document. The size tab in status bar shows the actual size of the PD. When clicking on the Size tab when a PDF document is loaded, you have a few additional options: Figure 71: Additional display options for PDF files Navigating Within Image Primary Documents To change the visible section of a graphical PD: Use the scroll bar. You can scroll up and down using the mouse wheel. The cursor arrows and other navigational keys can be used. Figure 72: Displaying comments of image documents When you click on the upper left corner of an image PD, its comment is displayed in a pop-up window:

15 96 Figure 73: A red dot indicates that the photo PD contains geographical information If you see a red dot in the upper left hand corner, the image contains information about the geographical location where the photo was taken. Double-click on the red dot to open Google Maps at this location. Navigating Within Multimedia Primary Documents Figure 74: The various aspect of a loaded video document` If you move the cursor inside the video pane, the media controls appear and you can start, stop and pause the video, skip forward and backwards. If you right-click on the video preview, you can set a number of display options in the context menu (see Figure 74). You can for instance hide the preview images, the audio waveform or the time indicators that are displayed when selecting a multimedia data segment (see Coding audio and video documents.

16 97 Two orange sliders that appear when you move the mouse pointer over the full preview let you select just the section of the video that you want to see in the margin area (see Figure 75): Figure 75: Selecting an area of the video file to be displayed in the margin area SHORT-CUT KEYS Play / Pause: Play = P, to switch between play and pause, press the Space bar. Stop = S Removing Primary Documents From A Project If you remove a PD, the data source to which it refers is not deleted or otherwise affected. However, removing a PD does delete all of its quotations from the HU. As a consequence, all references to other quotations (hyperlinks), other codes, and memos are also removed. Select the PD to be removed from the HU. Choose DOCUMENTS / REMOVE FROM PROJECT from the main menu. Or select a PD in the Primary Document Manager, right click on the document and choose REMOVE FROM PROJECT from the context menu.

17 98 Data Transcription The A-Docs function, introduced in ATLAS.ti 6, allows you to not only transcribe your data within ATLAS.ti, but to also link documents to each other in such a way that they can be viewed synchronously. This means you can read your transcript and listen to the audio file hearing the original tone of voice or viewing the segment in the video file. While in the midst of your analysis, you can mark a segment or a quotation of an associated document and instantly listen to the original audio or view the video. The audio/video file stops at the end of the marked segment. You can also use the association points as navigation device, e. g., to enter at a particular point in the file or to easily jump around. Adding And Associating Multimedia Files And Transcripts Below the process of adding a blank transcript file to an ATLAS.ti project and the process of transcription is explained step-by-step: Add the audio file or the video file that you want to transcribe: From the Documents or Project main menu, choose (NEW /) ADD DOCUMENTS... Create a a new internal document for the transcript: DOCUMENTS / NEW / NEW TEXT DOCUMENT. Enter a name for the transcript. It is immediately loaded in the HU editor in edit mode. Load the audio or video PD into the second region of the HU editor (see Multi-Document View ). Next you need to associated the two files with each other. From the main menu select DOCUMENTS / ASSOCIATED DOCS / ASSOCIATE WITH PD FROM REGION. A new association is automatically created and the Association Editor opens. The default name is S 1, S 2, S3 and so on. For a better overview, it is recommended that you replace the default name with a unique name: Select FILE / RENAME from the Association Editor's menu and overwrite the default name. Click OK to confirm. You can also associate documents by dragging & dropping them from the PDocs Manager into the Association Editor. To open the Association Editor chose DOCUMENTS / ASSOCIATED DOCS / OPEN ASSOCIATION EDITOR. One Hermeneutic Unit can include as many associations as you like, one association for each set of associated documents, and two documents per set. The following combinations are currently supported: audio text and video text. In order to keep track of your associations, each association has an ID, and a unique name can be given as well.

18 99 Setting Rewind Time When transcribing, it is often useful to listen once again to the part one just has transcribed. Therefore you can set an interval from 1 to 5 seconds. When starting the multimedia file, the file automatically rewinds the time interval that you have set. To set the rewind time, click on the AUDIO menu of the Association Editor and select the desired rewind time. Figure 76: Set rewind time Start Transcribing The new empty document should still be loaded and in edit mode. If not, load it again and enter edit mode (click on the pen button in the main tool bar, see also Editing Primary Documents. Check your settings in the Association Editor as shown in Figure 77 below. Figure 77: Settings for transcription

19 100 The default setting is for anchors to be always displayed. You can deactivate this option in the Association Editor via the menu TEXT / SHOW ANCHORS. Start the playback of the associated multimedia file via the F4 key or click the appropriate button in the Association Editor as shown left. Alternatively, you can also use a foot switch. The foot switch needs to be configurable to the F4 key for starting and stopping a multimedia file. Listen to whatever part you can remember; then press the F4 key again. Type what you heard. Press the F8 key or click or the anchor button in the Association Editor to set an anchor. The association anchor links the matching parts in the documents. A red dot is displayed within your text and an entry is added to the Association Editor. Press F4 to play the audio file again. Listen to whatever you can remember, press F4, type the text, press F8, then F4 again. Figure 78: Transcript with association anchors The closer the distance between two association anchors, the more accurate will be the synchronization. However, it is not required to set anchors at any particular or prescribed intervals, for instance at the end of every line of text. If you mark longer segments, automatic interpolation is used to synchronize the text with the associated multimedia file. Save the text from time to time by clicking on the edit pen selecting the SAVE ONLY option. When you are finished with your transcript or want to take a break, select the option SAVE AND LEAVE EDIT MODE. Then save the HU (PROJECT / SAVE).

20 101 Figure 79: Edit sub menu You can either use the functions key F4 to start and stop a recording, or use a foot switch. This saves about 30% of transcription time. You can use any foot switch that can be configured to work as the F4 key (see for example the web page of the developers of the free transcription software f4: Insert Anchors Automatically If you want ATLAS.ti to set anchors automatically at the end of each paragraph, select TEXT / AUTO INSERT ANCHOR WITH RETURN in the Association Editor. Delete Association Anchors If you set an anchor accidentally, you can correct this by clicking F8 a second time, or click on the remove anchor button (see left). Another way to delete anchors is via the Association Editor: Select an anchor in the editor and then either press the Del key on your keyboard or select the menu option ASSOCIATION / DELETE ANCHOR. Undo Setting or deleting an anchor can be reversed via the undo option:association / UNDO, CTRL+Z) Naming Anchors You can use the list of anchors in the Association Editor to navigate through the associated documents. For this purpose, anchors can be named. To name an anchor, select it, click on the name field and enter a name. You can also use the currently highlighted text as name. In order to do this, click F9 or select the menu option TEXT / GRAB TEXT AS NAME (see Figure 78).

21 102 Adding Documents Via The Association Editor's Menu First you need to create a new association: select FILE / NEW from the Association Editor's menu. A new association is immediately created. The default names are S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, etc. Load the primary document that you want to transcribe (see Loading Primary Documents. Then select the menu option ASSOCIATION / INSERT PRIMARY DOCUMENT. Now load the file that you have prepared for transcription. Select the menu option ASSOCIATION / INSERT PRIMARY DOCUMENT again. Now the two documents are associated. Deleting Associations The active association that is shown in the editor can be deleted via the menu FILE / DELETE. Associating Two Already Existing Documents When you already have a transcript that is not yet associated with its audio or video file, you can synchronize the two documents by going through the transcript and setting anchors. This is how it works: Create a new association in the Association Editor and add the two documents (see above). Start the multimedia file with F4, listen to it or view it. Stop it at a certain point (press F4 again), locate the matching text in the transcript, and set an anchor at the end of the matching text passage (press F8). Start the multimedia file again with F4, listen to it or view it. Stop it at a certain point (press F4 again), locate the matching text in the transcript, and set an anchor at the end of the matching text passage (click F8). And so on... As you can open the two documents side by side, you can move through the documents quite quickly. It should not take much longer to create the associations than the actual duration of the multimedia file. Importing Associated Documents Transcribed Elsewhere Currently, ATLAS.ti supports the import of transcripts produced with f4 (Windows), f5 (Mac) and Transana. Time markers from the transcript are automatically converted to association anchors. The connected audio or video file is also imported. For more information on f4/f5 see: For more information on Transana, see:

22 103 Preparing Transcripts In F4/F5 When preparing a transcript in f4_2012, it is possible to change the format for time stamps. However, for import in ATLAS.ti, the default format is needed: 00:00:00-0 (hours:minutes:seconds-milliseconds). Figure 80: Settings for time stampes in F4_2012 After preparing and saving the transcript in F4/F5 do not open it in Word and make changes in Word. This may corrupt the recognition of the time stamps in ATLAS.ti. Also do not change the file names of either the transcript or the multimedia file. If you do, open the transcript in f4 and reassociate it with the multimedia file. Preparing Transcripts In Transana When preparing a transcript in Transana, you need to save it as external file (FILE / SAVE TRANSCRIPT AS...). Before you do that you need to activate the time code values as shown in Figure 81. Hide the time code indexes (red symbol). You can still import a document that shows indexes, but they will just be displayed as an additional symbol in addition to the red dots that mark the time stamps in ATLAS.ti and thus are more disturbing than helpful. Figure 81: Setting before saving a transcript in Transana

23 104 How To Import Transcripts To import a transcript, select the main menu item DOCUMENTS / NEW / IMPORT TRANSCRIPT or IMPORT TRANSCRIPTS (EXTERNAL MEDIA)*. A file browser opens. *Use the second option, if your multimedia files are quite sizable and you do not want to import them into the library. When choosing Import Transcripts (External Media), the multimedia files are linked to the HU file. In order not to loose the connection between the HU and your external media files, either store them into the same folder as the HU file, or do not move them to another location during the duration of the project. Please also do not rename the files. Browse to the location where the transcript is stored, select it and click on the open button. If the associated multimedia file is not automatically recognized, you will be asked to select it. The file browser opens again and you can select the multimedia file. The transcript is added as an internal document (see Adding embedded documents (Text files only) ). The multimedia file is added to the library the HU is currently using, unless you selected the option to keep them externally linked. A new association is created in the Association Editor, the two documents are added to this association and the time code values are converted to anchors. Load the transcript into the HU editor and click on the red circle at the top right-hand side of the document to load the associated multimedia file (see Figure 82 below). If you move externally linked files to another location or rename them, the HU will not longer be able to find them. Working With Associated Documents All A-Doc functions can be accessed either via the main menu DOCUMENTS / ASSOCIATED DOCS or from the Association Editor. A Hermeneutic Unit can contain unlimited numbers of associations, but only one can be active at any given time. Associations between documents are automatically activated when a document is loaded in the HU Editor. In cases where several associations exist, the first available is automatically selected. You can also select a specific association via the FILE / USE... menu in the Associations Editor.

24 105 When you load a document that has an associated file, a red circle is shown in the PD bar (see Figure 82). Figure 82: Click the red dot to load the associated document Click on the red dot; the associated document is loaded into the document region next to it. Play Selected Text If you select a piece of transcript or a quotation in an associated text, the selected linked audio or video can be played. Select Synchro Mode: DOCUMENTS / A-DOCS / SYNCHRO MODE (or F3). Highlight a a piece of text and select either the menu item DOCUMENTS / A- Figure 83: Playing associated audio or video segments DOCS / PLAY SELECTED TEXT or press the key combination CTRL+P. The associated video or audio recording will be played back from the correct position. Playback stops at the end of the selection. The accuracy of selected text playback depends on the precision and the number of the available anchors. Synchronization Mode (F3) In non-synchronous mode, the documents are independent from each another. Moving around in either one of the documents does not affect the other.

25 106 When you switch to synchronization mode, associated documents display synchronously, i. e., they are positioned next to each other. Since synchronous playback is not useful or desired in all situations, synchronization mode can be switched on and off. The non-synchronous mode is particularly important for setting anchor points: In synchronous mode, associated multimedia documents follow the movements of the mouse cursor. This makes positioning anchors difficult. In non-synchronous mode, it is however still possible to click on an anchor in the Association Editor and jump to the associated data segment. ACTIVATING AND DEACTIVATION SYNCHRONOUS MODE Synchronous mode can be enabled and disabled via the main menu entry DOCUMENTS / A-DOCS / SYNCHRO MODE and via the F3 key. In the Association Editor, synchronous mode can be selected via the menu item ASSOCIATION or the SYNCHRO button in the tool bar. WORKING WITH SYNCHRONOUS MODE Moving the mouse cursors in the text or clicking a text passage causes associated multimedia documents to be repositioned. Click F4 to start playback at this position. The opposite case - i. e., moving the cursor in the multimedia document causes no cursor change in the text document. This would hamper your text work. KARAOKE MODE (CTRL+F4) Synchronous display is possible in Karaoke mode. This mode lets you follow multimedia content and text documents at the same time. The multimedia document sets the pace while the current passage is highlighted in the text document. Because of the moving text selection, normal text-work tasks such as creating quotations are not possible in this mode. There are several ways of highlighting text in Karaoke mode. To choose one of it, select them from the TEXT menu of the Associations Editor: HIGHLIGHT SECTION: Highlights the section between two anchors. HIGHLIGHT LINE: Highlights the entire line of text that corresponds to the position of the lead document. HIGHLIGHT WORD: Highlights the word that corresponds to the position of the lead document. HIGHLIGHT CHARACTER: Highlights the character that corresponds to the position of the lead document. Load both the multimedia file and the associated text document. To start the Karaoke mode, press CTRL+F4 This activates both the SYNCHRO mode and the KARAOKE mode. Press F4 to start the multimedia document. Both will now be shown side by side. In the text document, the passage is highlighted that is currently played back.

26 107 Importing And Exporting Associations Associations are saved together with the HU and remain affiliated. For exchange between ATLAS.ti projects, they can also be exported and imported as files: In the Associations Editor, select menu items FILE / EXPORT and save the file. The active association is saved as a file. This file is in XML format and has the extension.syn. The import function (FILE / IMPORT...) lets you open files that were created in the above fashion and activates them as new associations in a different HU. Importing Survey Data These days a lot of surveys are conducted online. A positive side effect is that (a) all data is immediately available in digital format and (b) respondents are often willing to provide lengthy answers to open-ended questions. On paperand-pencil surveys this was rarely the case. Statistical programs like SPSS do offer options to analyze open ended questions, but basically you end up encoding each answer with a number. A proper qualitative analysis of the answers is not possible. This is now possible in ATLAS.ti. A typical work flow for working with survey data looks like this: Figure 84: Work flow when importing survey data Online surveys can be created using a number to tools. What most of these tools have in common is that you can export your data as Excel file. And this is what you need to prepare for import in ATLAS.ti (see below). Based on specific prefixes that you add to your variable names, ATLAS.ti interprets the column headers and cells of the Excel table in various ways and turns them into primary documents, the contents of the primary documents, primary document families, quotations, codes, comments and code families. Data are imported case-based. This means each row of the Excel table that is imported from the online survey tool is transformed into a primary document.

27 108 How Survey Data Is Treated In ATLAS.ti To represent the results of an online survey within the framework of ATLAS.ti in the most accurate and complete manner, a few basic requirements need to be considered. A survey broadly consists of the name of the survey, the questions, the answers for each respondent. Questions can be of different types like single choice questions (yes/no, or offering more than two options), multiple choice questions, or open ended questions. Within ATLAS.ti these concepts are mapped as follows: Survey Concept ATLAS.ti Concept Open-ended question: question Code (and code comment) answer Content of a quotation Single Choice 0/1 PD Family Single Choice > 2 options PD Family from question plus value Multiple Choice PD Family from question plus value This does not mean that you cannot turn a multiple choice question into a code, it all depends on how you define the columns in the Excel table. If you turn single or multiple choice questions into codes, you later need to do some automatic coding based on the response choices available in the questionnaire. Always remember that ATLAS.ti is not a software for analyzing statistical data, although it is possible to add information from traditional quantitative questions. It might also be a good idea to be already acquainted with the ATLAS.ti analysis tools like the query tool and its scope function ( Query Tool ), the co-occurence table explorer ( Code Cooccurrence Tools), and the codes-primary-documents-table ( Codes-Primary Documents CrossTabulation ) before preparing the Excel table for import. A general recommendation is to include the following variables from the online survey: Variables describing the respondents, i. e. the classical demographic variables like age group, gender, profession, educational level, income groups, etc.. Turn those variables into PD families. Responses to open-ended questions. Turn those into coded segments. Selected other variables like answers to single or multiple choice questions that are important in relation to analyzing the open-ended questions. Preparing An Excel Table For Import The following table shows the list of all available prefixes that you can to add to the column headers in Excel in order for ATLAS.ti to interpret the cells in various ways.

28 109 Prefixes and their interpretation Prefix Result! defines the column to list the names of the primary documents ^ defines the column to list the primary document's author & defines the primary document's date, expects ISO8601 format, see: Example: 4th of February 1995 or in ISO8601 format = YYYYMMDD = < Ignore this column, use to exclude stuff inserted by the survey tool. Creates a PD family from the field name. Currently the cell needs to contain the number 1, or the words Yes or Ja to be applied. Use for single choice questions where respondents can answer yes or no (or encoded as 1 and 0). Only the responses encoded with yes/ja or 1 become part of the PD family. : Creates a PD Family from the field name plus cell value. Use for single choice question like gender. # Creates a PD Family from the field name plus the actual cell value. Use for single choice questions with more than two answer options or for multiple choice questions. Add no prefix to all open ended questions. The text in the column header is used as code. To avoid very long code name, use a short form to indicate the question and add the full question as comment (see next row) :: All text entered after two colons is added to the object's comment field. This can be applied to cells resulting in PD families or codes. Figure 85: Sample table ready for import By importing the sample table, we get: The name, date and author of the resulting PD Two dichotomous families Academic and Army. The following comment is added to the PD Family Army : Did you serve?

29 110 Two families Sex::male and Sex::female Four families Favorites::Beatles, Favorites::Stones, etc. For the PD families the following comment is added: What bands do you listen to regularly. Two codes Tell us a dream and Open End. The following comment is added to the comment field of the code Open End : Now how do I make a question be interpreted as open-ended? How To Import Survey Data Prepare an Excel table as explained above. You can add the prefixes already when you prepare the online survey, or afterward by editing the the resulting Excel table. The drawback of adding the prefixes to the survey is that such early applied mark-up also displays in the online survey interface and your respondents might wonder about the funny characters at the beginning of questions. Editing the downloaded Excel table prior to importing it into ATLAS.ti has the advantage of not displaying unusual formatting characters to the user. A disadvantage is that you need to do this every time you download the table, for instance, because you are checking incrementally and not all respondents have filled out the questionnaire yet. Mark all cells in the table and format them as Text (right click on the highlighted table and select the option Format Cells. Save the table (as xls or xlsx file). Close Excel (or at least the document that you want to import). Open ATLAS.ti and select DOCUMENTS / NEW / IMPORT SURVEY DATA. The import procedure starts and ATLAS.ti informs you when all data are imported. During the import, one primary document is created from every row. Unlike normal PDs who get their contents from files, these primary documents need to have their content (data source) created as well. These data sources are embedded within the HU (see Adding embedded documents (Text files only) ). The creation of the textual contents is done as follows: Each row is scanned from left to right, column by column. Each cell's content belonging to an openended question field is appended to the currently built document (case). In addition, each piece of appended text is also referenced as a quotation automatically coded with the current question.

30 111 Figure 86: Pre-coded data by question Those columns defined as variables are turned into PD Families. See the section on Family Life for further information. If you select a case, all applicable families are highlighted (see Figure 87). Figure 87: P-Docs Manager with imported survey data and the corresponding families Special families are created for all imported PDs and codes to make filtering for the survey material easy. Save the Hermeneutic Unit. As default name the name of the Excel file is used. If you import the same table repeatedly, rows with already existing PDs are ignored. This way, you do not have to wait until the last respondent has filled out the questionnaire. Analyzing Survey Data In order to analyze survey data, you should get acquainted with the following features and functions of ATLAS.ti:

31 112 Primary Document Families, especially their use as data attributes (see Family Life and Working with Variables: Primary Document Families. Basic coding techniques to add some additional codes to the precoded responses (see below). Code Families (see below) The Codes-Primary-Documents-Table (see below) The query tool and the scope function (see below) Creating and working with super families (see below) The Co-occurence-Table-Explorer (see below).