STL1 - Simple Span Plate Girder Example
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1 STL1 - Simple Span Plate Girder Example 1'-9" 47'-6" 44'-0" 1'-9" 10" including 1/2" int. wearing surface 4'-3" 3 13'-0" = 39'-0" 4'-3" 13'-0" 13'-0" 13'-0" 6 26'-10" 161'-0" Framing Plan Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-1 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
2 CL End Bearing CL End Bearing Web Top Flange Stiffener 3/4" x 6" One Side Only 161'-0" 1/2" x 69" 161'-0" 1 1/4" x 22" Cross Frame Connection Plate (Typ.) Bearing Stiffener 7/8" x 9" Each Side Cross Frame Spacing 6 26'-10" = 161'-0" Stiffener 4'-10" 4'-10" Spacing 8'-7" 5 26'-10"=134'-2" 8'-7" Bottom Flange 36'-8" 1 1/4" x 22" 87'-8" 2" x 22" 161'-0" 36'-8" 1 1/4" x 22" Elevation of Interior Girder Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-2 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
3 Material Properties Structural Steel: AASHTO M270, Grade 50W uncoated weathering steel with Fy = 50 ksi Deck Concrete: f'c = 4.5 ksi, modular ratio n = 8 Slab Reinforcing Steel: AASHTO M31, Grade 60 with Fy = 60 ksi Transverse Stiffener Plates: 3/4" x 6" Cross Frame Connection Plates: 3/4" x 6" Bearing Stiffener Plates: 7/8" x 9" Haunch Detail 10" 2" Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-3 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
4 AASHTOWare Bridge Design and Rating Training STL1 Simple Span Plate Girder Example (BrD/BrR 6.5) From the Bridge Explorer create a new bridge and enter the following description data: Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-4 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
5 Close the window by clicking Ok. This saves the data to memory and closes the window. The Bridge Workspace tree after the bridge is created is shown below: The tree is organized according to the definition of a bridge with data shared by many of the bridge components shown in the upper part of the tree. A bridge can be described by working from top to bottom within the tree. To enter the materials to be used by members of the bridge, click on the Materials. to expand the tree for Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-5 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
6 The tree with the expanded Materials branch is shown below: To add a new structural steel material, click on Structural Steel in the tree and select File/New from the menu (or right mouse click on Structural Steel and select New). The window shown below will open. Add structural steel materials by selecting from the Structural Steel Materials Library by clicking the Copy from Library button. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-6 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
7 Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-7 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
8 Select the AASHTO M270 Grade 50W material and click Ok. The selected material properties are copied to the Bridge Materials Structural Steel window as shown below. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-8 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
9 Add concrete materials and reinforcement materials using the same techniques. Enter the concrete material as shown below: Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-9 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
10 To enter the appurtenances to be used within the bridge expand the tree branch labeled Appurtenances. To define a parapet double click on Parapet in the tree and input the parapet dimensions as shown below. Click Ok to save the data to memory and close the window. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-10 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
11 Enter the impact to be used for the entire bridge by clicking on Impact in the tree and selecting File/Open from the menu. The Bridge Impact window shown below will open. Enter the appropriate values as shown and click Ok to save the data to memory and close the window. The values shown below are default values. For this example problem we are not going to override the standard LRFD or LRFR factors so we skip to Structure Definition. We will come back to Bridge Alternatives after entering a Structure Definition. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-11 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
12 Double click on SUPERSTRUCTURE DEFINITIONS (or click on SUPERSTRUCTURE DEFINITIONS and select File/New from the menu or right mouse click on SUPERSTRUCTURE DEFINITIONS and select New from the popup menu) to create a new structure definition. The dialog shown below will appear. Select Girder System and the Structure Definition window will open. Enter the appropriate data as shown below: Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-12 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
13 Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-13 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
14 The Analysis tab and Specs tab are shown above with the default selections. Since we are not overriding default selections for this exercise, no changes are required. Click on Ok to save the data to memory and close the window. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-14 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
15 The partially expanded Bridge Workspace tree is shown below: Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-15 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
16 We now go back to the Bridge Alternatives and create a new Bridge Alternative by double-clicking on Bridge Alternatives. Enter the following data: Click Ok to save the data to memory and close the window. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-16 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
17 Double-click on Superstructures and enter the following new superstructure: Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-17 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
18 Double-click on Superstructure Alternatives and enter the following new Superstructure Alternative. Select the Superstructure definition SD1 as the current superstructure definition for this Superstructure Alternative. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-18 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
19 Re-open the Structure 1 window and select the Alternatives tab. The Structure Alternative 1 will be shown as the existing and current alternative for Structure 1. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-19 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
20 The partially expanded Bridge Workspace tree is shown below: Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-20 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
21 Click Load Case Description to define the dead load cases. The completed Load Case Description window is shown below. Double-click on Framing Plan Detail to describe the framing plan. Enter the appropriate data as shown below. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-21 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
22 Switch to the Diaphragms tab to enter diaphragm spacing. Click the Diaphragm Wizard button to add diaphragms for the entire structure. The Dialog shown below will appear. Click the Next button and enter the following spacing: Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-22 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
23 Click the Finish button to add the diaphragms. The Diaphragm Wizard will create diaphragms for all of the girder bays in the structure. The diaphragms created for Girder Bay 1 are shown below: Select Ok to close the window. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-23 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
24 Next define the structure typical section by double-clicking on Structure Typical Section in the Bridge Workspace tree. Input the data describing the typical section as shown below. Basic deck geometry: The Deck (cont d) tab is used to enter information about the deck concrete and thickness. The material to be used for the deck concrete is selected from the list of bridge materials described above. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-24 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
25 Parapets: The two parapets are described using the Parapet tab. Click New to add a row to the table. The name of the parapet defaults to the only barrier described for the bridge. Change the Load Case to DC2 and Measure To to Back (we are locating the parapet on the deck by referencing the back of the parapet to the left edge of the deck). Enter 0.0 for the Distance at Start and Distance at End. Change the Front Face Orientation to Right. The completed tab is shown below. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-25 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
26 Lane Positions: Select the Lane Position tab. Click the Compute button to automatically compute the lane positions. A dialog showing the results of the computation opens. Click Apply to apply the computed values. The Lane Position tab is populated as shown below. Wearing Surface: Enter the data shown below. Click Ok to save the data to memory and close the window. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-26 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
27 Define stiffeners to be used by the girders. Expand the Stiffener Definitions tree item and double click on Transverse. Select Trans. Plate Stiffener for stiffener type. Define the stiffener as shown below. Click Ok to save to memory and close the window. Repeat this process to define the other two stiffeners. The windows are shown below. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-27 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
28 Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-28 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
29 Now define the bearing stiffeners by double clicking on Bearing (under Stiffener Definitions in the tree). Select Trans. Plate Stiffener for stiffener type. Define the stiffener as shown below. Click Ok to save to memory and close the window. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-29 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
30 Describing a member: The member window shows the data that was generated when the structure definition was created. No changes are required at this time. The first Member Alternative that we create will automatically be assigned as the Existing and Current Member alternative for this Member. Next double click on the Member loads in the tree and select SIP Forms from the combobox. Enter the load due to stay-in-place forms as shown below. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-30 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
31 Member loads for Example 4 Example Struct Def Member Definition Loads(Interior beam, Exterior beam) a GS Schedule-based SIP (0.078, 0.039) b GL Schedule-based SIP (0.078,0.039) Barrier (DC2) (0.253, 0.253) WS (DW) (0.275, 0.275) c GL Cross-section based SIP (0.078, 0.078) Barrier (DC2) (0.253, 0.253) WS (DW) (0.275, 0.275) Haunch (DC1) (0.017, 0.059) d GS Cross-section based SIP (0.078, 0.078) Haunch (DC1) (0.017, 0.059) The Help topic Dead Loads summarizes for each type of structure definition and member modeling method which dead load components are computed automatically by the engine and which must be entered by the user. Support constraints were generated when the structure definition was created and are shown below. Defining a Member Alternative: Double-click MEMBER ALTERNATIVES in the tree to create a new alternative. The New Member Alternative dialog shown below will open. Select Steel for the Material Type and Plate for the Girder Type. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-31 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
32 Click Ok to close the dialog and create a new member alternative. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-32 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
33 The Member Alternative Description window will open. Enter the appropriate data as shown below. Select Schedule-based Girder property input method. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-33 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
34 If we now re-open the Member G2 window, we will see this Member Alternative designated as the existing and current member alternative for this Member. Use Compute button to generate distribution factors. Live load distribution factor calculation details can be viewed by clicking View Calcs button. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-34 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
35 Next describe the girder profile by double clicking on Girder Profile in the tree. The window is shown below with the data describing the web. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-35 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
36 Describe the flanges as shown below. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-36 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
37 Enter the following starting distance and length to the bottom flange tab. starting bottom distance flange Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-37 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
38 Next open the Deck Profile and enter the data describing the structural properties of the deck. The window is shown below. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-38 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
39 No reinforcement is described. Composite regions are described using the Shear Connectors tab as shown below. The haunch profile is defined by double clicking on Haunch Profile in the tree. The window is shown below. Interior Girder (G2): Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-39 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
40 Exterior Girder (G1): Regions where the slab is considered to provide lateral support for the top flange are defined using the Lateral Support window shown below. It can be opened by double clicking on Lateral Support in the tree. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-40 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
41 Stiffener locations are described using the Stiffener Ranges window shown below. Click on the Apply at Diaphragms button to open the following dialog. Select the 2 Sided Conn PL as the stiffener to apply at the interior diaphragms. Selecting Apply will create the following transverse stiffener locations. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-41 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
42 Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-42 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
43 The intermediate transverse stiffeners are now located. Note that a range does not include a stiffener at the beginning of the range. The range that begins at the left end of the beam with one space and a spacing of 58 inches locates the first stiffener. The remaining intermediate stiffeners are located as follows. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-43 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
44 Bearing stiffener definitions were assigned to locations when we used the Apply at Diaphragms button on the Transverse Stiffener Ranges window. The Bearing Stiffener Location window is opened by expanding the Bearing Stiffener Locations branch in the tree and double clicking on each support. The assignment for support 1 is shown below. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-44 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
45 Define Points of Interest using the Points of Interest window shown below. A window for defining a Point of Interest is opened by double clicking on the Points of Interest tree item. The description of an interior beam for a structure definition is complete. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-45 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
46 This example bridge is modeled after Example 1 from Four LRFD Design Examples of Steel Highway Bridges, Volume II, Chapter 1B of the Highway Structures Design Handbook produced by the American Iron and Steel Institute except this example bridge is not skewed like the one in the handbook. To do LRFR Design Load Rating, enter the Analysis Settings window as shown below: AASHTO LRFR results for HL93 loading for an interior girder are shown below: Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-46 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
47 An LRFD design review of this interior girder for HL93 loading can be performed by AASHTO LRFD. To do LRFD design review, enter the Analysis Settings window as shown below: Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-47 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
48 A summary of the specification checks is shown by selecting the View Spec Check button, toolbar. The details for one of the spec checks is shown below., from the Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-48 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
49 AASHTO LRFD analysis will generate a spec check results file. Click following window. on tool bar to open the To view the spec check results, double click the Spec Check Results in this window. Last Modified: 7/31/2013 STL1-49 AASHTOWare BrD/BrR 6.5
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