Introduction to Topic Maps

Transcription

1 Vorlesung Wissens und Contentmanagement Introduction to Topic Maps Dr. Lutz Maicher Topic Maps Lab at the University of Leipzig leipzig.de

2 Agenda Introduction into Topic Map" 2

3 Goals "Introduction to Topic Maps" Learning what Topic Maps are Learning how Topic Maps can drive web applications Learning the fundamentals of the Topic Maps standards Learning how Topic Maps feed the web of data Learning how to model a Topic Map Learn TMQL and TMCL Inquire, whenever you have a question or comment! 3

4 Agenda the first part (today) 0:00 Data Model of Topic Maps 0:15 Musica migrans 0:30 Playing around with the Omnigator 0:45 Examples of Topic Maps Portals 1:00 Standards and Software 4

5 Agenda second part 0:00 Integration Model and Topic Maps Exchange 0:15 Advanced Features of Topic Maps 0:30 Introduction into CTM 1:00 Modeling La république sexuelle 5

6 Subject centric models 6

7 "real" world has name Nikolaikirche model has name Leipzig has name St. Nikolai has name St. Nicolas (in en) was founded in 1165 has a website. was founded in 1165 has name Saint-Nicolas (in fr) 7

8 "real" world has name Nikolaikirche has name St. Nikolai has name St. Nicolas (in en) was founded in 1165 has a website. has name Saint-Nicolas (in fr) model has name Leipzig was founded in

9 Data model of Topic Maps 9

10 The data model of Topic Maps (topics) variant Nikolaikirche St. Nikolai English name St. Nicholas Church scope foundation occurrence 1165 type website occurrence -leipzig.de/ type 10

11 The data model of Topic Maps (associations) container-containee containee container St. Nikolai role type Leipzig role player ass. role association 11

12 Data model of Topic Maps (summary) one topic represents one subject in a data source names represent the names of the subject names might have variants occurrences represent properties of the subject associations represent relationships between subjects flexibility through roles n ary associations all types and scopes are (set of) Topics in a topic map everything is a topic 12

13 What are Topic Maps (ISO 13250)? Topic Maps are highly networked data sources one topic for each subject relationships of subjects are associations between topics subject centric modelling paradigm Topic Maps have a human centric data model vocabulary for documenting information fits human cognition network resembles human cognition Topic Maps have an integration model whenever two topics represent the same subject, they have to be merged always one information access hub for each subject Topic Maps is an international industry standard (ISO 13250) 13

14 Some Syntax Howdo I write a Topic Map? A Topic IDs, names, types, subject identifiers and occurrences, lm isa person; "Lutz Maicher"; room: "Johannisgasse 5 50"; phone: " "; mailto:maicher@informatik.uni leipzig.de. ul isa organisation; "University of Leipzig"; leipzig.de/. Associations to other topics employment (employer: ul, employee: lm) 14

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17 Some API calls in RTM to create a topic map require 'rtm' RTM.connect # or memory or other backends tm = RTM.create " # create or get topic map lm = tm.get!("mailto:maicher@informatik.uni leipzig.de ") lm.add_type("person") lm[" "]="Lutz Maicher" ul = tm.get!(" leipzig.de/") ul.add_type("organisation") lm[" "]="University of Leipzig" # alle Infos siehe: # bzw. im Praktikum 17

18 Musica migrans a Topic Maps driven Portal 18

19 How it all began During a concert break we discussed with Prof. H. Loos, who is one of the leading German historians about the Eastern European music history that he dreams of a system which allows him to collect and analyse biographical data about little known Eastern European musicians in the 19 th century. He was interested in making usable all the relationships in the data! This sounded like a case for Topic Maps, so we asked Mr. Loos to sketch his domain 19

20 and he started to sketch the domain! has names with a lot of different spellings Person has educational development has professional development has concerts birthday of a person Date day of death of a person start and end of educational phase start and end of a job date of a concert archive encyclopaedia Reference further literature primary nationality of a person Nationality secondary nationality of a person confessions of a person Confession birthplace of a person Place place of death of a person place of educational phase place of a job place of a concert goal of educational phase main profession of a person Profession secondary profession of a person profession in a job 20

21 List page for persons in Musica migrans 21

22 List page for places in Musica migrans 22

23 Individual page (general) for person in Musica migrans 23

24 Individual page (professional carreer) for person in Musica migrans 24

25 Individual page (working places) for places in Musica migrans 25

26 Individual page for profession in Musica migrans 26

27 Professional carreer as map for a person in Musica migrans 27

28 Individual page (as pdf dossier) for person in Musica migrans 28

29 Individual page (edit mode) for person in Musica migrans 29

30 Getting started with Topic Maps part 1 30

31 Introduction to the Omnigator Omnigator is generic Topic Maps Browser download it at Or use Maiana from the Topic Maps Lab Simply sign up at data model elements of the data model query languages (tolog, TMQL) full text queries exchange formats (XTM, LTM) schemas editing topic maps with Ontopoly 31

32 Browsing through a Topic Map using a generic Topic Maps browser (Omnigator) 32

33 Browsing through a Topic Map using a generic Topic Maps browser (Omnigator) 33

34 Browsing through a Topic Map using a generic Topic Maps browser (Omnigator) 34

35 Duality of Topic Maps Einführung in Topic Maps Rendering of a Topic Map as Portal Browsing the same Topic Map in a simple web application (Topic Maps Portal) 35

36 Examples of Topic Maps Portals 36

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47 even more Topic Maps portals 47

48 Topic Maps standards and software 48

49 The ISO Topic Maps standards 49

50 Data model (TMDM) and exchange formats (XTM, LTM) data model is core of Topic Maps application logic should never operate on any syntax! LTM - Topic Map XTM - Topic Map gen. Topic Map serialisation and deserialisation TMDM instance query and maniuplation TMAPI (tinytim, TM4J, PHPTMAPI, OKS) query, constraint and manipulation TMQL-queries TMCL constraints TMCL rules TMQL-updates TMDM: 50

51 Architecture of the Topic Maps engine Ontopia 51

52 Topic Maps engines commercial Topic Maps engines TMCore.NET basierte Lösung von networked planert free Topic Maps engines and tools Ontopia for Java ( tinytm for Java ( RTM Ruby Topic Maps for Ruby ( QuaaxTM for PHP ( Mappa for Python ZTM Zopic Topic Maps System ( Topincs ( online.com/topincs/) see: 52

53 Merging the integration model of Topic Maps 53

54 Integration model of Topic Maps The identity of a topic is defined by a set of Subject Identifiers St. Nikolai

55 Integration model of Topic Maps whenever two topics in one topic map use the same subject identifier, they will be merged. St. Nikolai Saint-Nicolas 55

56 Integration model of Topic Maps Merging of Topics: a new topic replaces the old ones and provides all information of them as unified access hub all subject identifiers all names all occurrences all association roles, the topic is playing in St. Nikolai Saint-Nicolas and all Occurrences and Roles Played from both Topics 56

57 Integration model of Topic Maps Name: Gustav Stresemann Date of Birth: Doctoral Thesis: Das Wachstum der Berliner Flaschenbierproduktion Effort: Entrance in League of Nations Effort: Fight against hyper inflation Effort: Dawes Plan Subject Identifiers Subect Identifiers

58 Integration model of Topic Maps Name: Gustav Stresemann Date of Birth: Doctoral Thesis: Das Wachstum der Berliner Flaschenbierproduktion Effort: Entrance in League of Nations Effort: Fight against hyper inflation Effort: Dawes Plan Subject Identifiers

59 Features of the Integration model in Topic Maps merges all information about a subject at one hub is schema free merging of topics only depends on the subject identifiers of each topic implies terminological flexibility all topics must only use subject identifiers from a shared vocabulary for all statements about the subjects (names, occurrences, association roles) heterogeneous vocabulary can be used disambiguates between Subject Locator and Identifier 59

60 Subject Identifier (and Subject Indicator) 60

61 Subject Locator 61

62 Topic Maps exchange protocols feeding the web of data for free 62

63 Topic Maps in distributed environments protocols for exchange between distributed Topic Maps repositories: TMRAP, (TMIP, Topincs) request distributed Topic Maps repositories whether information about a given subject is available if available, Topic Maps fragments around the according topic will be exchanged and merged into the requesting repository Topic Map Remote Access Protocol (TMRAP) is developed by Ontopia ( implemented for Ontopia and TM4J 63

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65 The duality of Topic Maps portals Topic Maps portals have two "faces" the rendered web interface for humans the TMRAP/TMIP/Topincs interfaces for (global) information integration linked data 65

66 The human centric interface for Tasmania Einführung in Topic Maps 66

67 The TMRAP interface for Tasmania Einführung in Topic Maps 67

68 PSI registries for Global Interoperability Global integration depends on global harmonized vocabularies Registries for Subject Identifiers to register and retrieve subject identifiers Subj3ct.com 68

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72 Advanced Features 72

73 Scope each statement in Topic Maps might have a scope is defined by a set of topics the usage context is equally defined by a set of topics if all topics of the scope are in the usage context, the scoped statement is valid in the current context unconstraint scope = empty scope set Usage: multilingualism service/user/access levels worldviews 73

74 Reifikation reification = a statement in a topic map becomes the subject of a new topic Who is the author of this statement? When this statement was created? Topics can't be reified Author: Heinrich Müller Last Update: RP subject RP RT R A R RT AT 74

75 La république sexuelle starting to model a topic map 75

76 The graduates from the Topic Maps Lab 76

77 Onotoa is a freetmcl Editor (Topic Maps Ontology Editor) a topic maps lab graduate 77

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79 Material 79

80 Literature about Topic Maps (1/2) Ahmed, K.; Moore, G.: An introduction to Topic Maps. In: The Architecture Journal, 5, ( Ahmed, K.; Moore, G.: Apply Topic Maps to Applications. In: The Architecture Journal, 6, ( A full overview about the Topic Maps literature: 80

81 Literature about Topic Maps (2/2) Maicher, L.; Park, J. (eds.): Charting the Topic Maps Research and Applications Landscape. Proceedings of TMRA 2005, Leipzig. LNAI Springer: Berlin (2006). Maicher, L.; Sigel, A.; Garshol, L. M. (eds.): Leveraging the Semantic of Topic Maps. Proceedings of TMRA 2006, Leipzig. LNAI Springer: Berlin (2006). Maicher, L.; Sigel, A.; Garshol, L. M. (eds.): Scaling Topic Maps. Proceedings of TMRA 2007, Leipzig. to appear Spring Maicher, L.; Garshol, L.M. (eds.): Subject centric computing. Proceedings of TMRA 2008, Leipzig. Maicher, L.; Garshol, L.M. (eds.): Linked Topic Maps. Proceedings of TMRA 2009, Leipzig. 81