High-Performance Computing, Computational and Data Grids
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1 High-Performance Computing, Computational and Data Grids Russ Miller Center for Computational Research Computer Science & Engineering SUNY-Buffalo Hauptman-Woodward Medical Inst NSF, NIH, DOE NIMA, NYS, HP University at Buffalo The State University of New York
2 Gordon E. Moore Co-Founder of Intel Predicted (1965/75) that transistor density would double every 12/18 months Processing speed doubling every 18 mos. Disk storage doubling every 12 mos. Aggregate bandwidth doubling every 9 mos. Gordon E. Moore A computation that took 1 year to run on a PC in 1985 would only take 5 mins to run on a PC today! A computation that runs in 2 hours on a PC today would have taken 24 years to run on a PC in 1985!
3 Supercomputers Fastest computers at any point in time Used to solve large and complex problems Machines 1000 times faster than a PC Machines 10 times slower than what you need to solve the most challenging problems Seymour Cray is the Thomas Edison of the supercomputing industry - Larry L. Smarr Cray Seymour Cray
4 Beowulf Clusters Industry Standard Hardware and Software PC-Based Components (Intel or AMD) Ethernet, Myrinet, InfiniBand Linux, PBS, MPI Commodity Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Operates as a Single System Rivals Performance of Traditional Supercomputer at a Fraction of the Price Thomas Sterling Caltech
5 Growth of Peak Performance PC
6 Top500: June 2004 Peak 40 TF 23 TF 20 TF 16 TF 15 TF 16 TF 13 TF 11 TF 12 TF 11 TF Linpack 36 TF 20 TF 14 TF 12 TF 10 TF 9 TF 9 TF 9 TF 9 TF 8 TF
7 Capacity vs Capability Computing Capacity Computing Commodity Processors Commodity Networks Leverage Millions of Processors Designed for Home Use Attractive Price Point Capability Computing Special Purpose Processors Custom Networks Designed for Science Few Machines Sold High Price Commodity (Clusters, NOWs) Mixed Custom Commodity Processors Commodity Processors Custom Processors Commodity Interconnects Custom Interconnects Custom Interconnects IA32, IA64, AMD, Alpha, PowerPC GigE, IB, Myrinet, Quadrics Clusters, HP Alpha, NEC TX7 SGI Altix, Cray Red Storm, Cray X1, NEC SX-7, Blue Gene/L IBM Regatta Loosely Coupled Tightly Coupled
8 Earth Simulator 40 TFlops Peak Homogeneous, Centralized, Proprietary, Vector Expensive! CFD-Weather, Climate, Earthquake 640 NEC SX/6 Nodes (5120 CPUs) Footprint = 4 tennis courts $6M/year in power
9 ASCI Purple and Blue Gene/L ASCI Purple (2004) LLNL IBM Power5 12K Processors 100 TFlops Blue Gene/L (2005) LLNL PowerPC 128K Processors Linux 360 Tflops Chip (2 processors) 2.8/5.6 GF/s 4 MB Compute Card (2 chips, 2x1x1) Node Board (32 chips, 4x4x2) 16 Compute Cards 5.6/11.2 GF/s 0.5 GB DDR Cabinet (32 Node boards, 8x8x16) 90/180 GF/s 8 GB DDR 2.9/5.7 TF/s 256 GB DDR System (64 cabinets, 64x32x32) LLNL Thunder (2004) 23 TF; 1K 4 IT2, Quadrics Sandia/PSC Cray Red Storm (2004) 40 TF, Opteron, Hypertransport LANL Lightning (2004) 11 TF; Linux Networx; 2816 Opteron; Myrinet ORNL Cray X1 (2005) 50 TF; Vector PEs; 2006: 100 TF Dawning (China, 2004) 11 TF; 2560 Operon; Myrinet 180/360 TF/s 16 TB DDR Blue Gene/L
10 Center for Computational Research Snapshot High-Performance Computing and High-End Visualization 110 Research Groups in 27 Depts 13 Local Companies 10 Local Institutions External Funding $116M External Funding $16M as lead $100M in support $43M Vendor Donations Total Leveraged: $0.5B Deliverables 400+ Publications Software, Media, Algorithms, Consulting, Training, CPU Cycles Raptor Image
11 Major Resources (12TF & 290TB) Dell Linux Cluster: #22fi#25fi#38fi# P4 Processors (2.4 GHz) 600 GB RAM; 40 TB Disk; Myrinet Dell Linux Cluster: #187fi#368fioff 4036 Processors (PIII 1.2 GHz) 2TB RAM; 160TB Disk; 16TB SAN IBM BladeCenter Cluster: # P4 Processors (2.8 GHz) 5TB SAN SGI Origin3700 (Altix) 64 Processors (1.3GHz ITF2) 256 GB RAM 2.5 TB Disk SGI Origin Processors (400 MHz) 32 GB RAM; 400 GB Disk Apex Bioinformatics System Sun V880 (3), Sun 6800 Sun 280R (2) Intel PIIIs Sun 3960: 7 TB Disk Storage HP/Compaq SAN 75 TB Disk 190 TB Tape 64 Alpha Processors (400 MHz) 32 GB RAM; 400 GB Disk IBM RS/6000 SP: 78 Processors Sun Cluster: 80 Processors SGI Intel Linux Cluster 150 PIII Processors (1 GHz) Myrinet
12 Visualization Resources Fakespace ImmersaDesk R2 Portable 3D Device Tiled-Display Wall 20 NEC projectors: 15.7M pixels Screen is 11 7 Dell PCs with Myrinet2000 Access Grid Node Group-to-Group Communication Commodity components SGI Reality Center 3300W Dual Barco s on 8 4 screen
13 Peace Bridge Visualization International Crossing The Problem 75 year old bridge 3 lanes poor capacity Existing US plaza: small and poor design Proposed Options Relocate US plaza Build a 3-lane companion span, rehab existing bridge Build a six lane signature span
14 3D Medical Visualization App Collaboration with Children s Hospital Leading miniature access surgery center Application reads data output from a CT Scan Visualize multiple surfaces and volumes Export images, movies or CAD representation of model
15 StreetScenes Demo StreetScenes is a Virtual Reality (VR) software solution for 3D visualization of surface traffic 3D model of proposed soccer stadium in Rochester Used StreetScenes to import output file from Synchro traffic simulation
16 Grid Computing Overview Thanks to Mark Ellisman Data Acquisition Advanced Visualization Analysis Imaging Instruments Computational Resources Large-Scale Databases Coordinate Computing Resources, People, Instruments in Dynamic Geographically-Distributed Multi-Institutional Environment Treat Computing Resources like Commodities Compute cycles, data storage, instruments Human communication environments No Central Control; No Trust
17 Factors Enabling the Grid Internet is Infrastructure Increased network bandwidth and advanced services Advances in Storage Capacity Terabyte costs less than $5,000 Internet-Aware Instruments Increased Availability of Compute Resources Clusters, supercomputers, storage, visualization devices Advances in Application Concepts Computational science: simulation and modeling Collaborative environments fi large and varied teams Grids Today Moving towards production; Focus on middleware
18 NSF Extensible TeraGrid Facility Caltech: Data collection analysis LEGEND ANL: Visualization 0.4 TF IA-64 IA32 Datawulf 80 TB Storage IA64 IA32 Sun Cluster Storage Server Disk Storage Visualization Cluster Shared Memory Backplane Router IA64 IA32 IA TF IA Viz nodes 20 TB Storage 30 Gb/s LA Hub Extensible Backplane Network 40 Gb/s Chicago Hub 30 Gb/s 30 Gb/s Figure courtesy of Rob Pennington, NCSA 30 Gb/s 30 Gb/s 4 TF IA-64 DB2, Oracle Servers 500 TB Disk Storage 6 PB Tape Storage 1.1 TF Power4 IA64 Pwr4 Sun IA64 10 TF IA large memory nodes 230 TB Disk Storage GPFS and data mining EV7 EV68 6 TF EV68 71 TB Storage 0.3 TF EV7 shared-memory 150 TB Storage Server Sun SDSC: Data Intensive NCSA: Compute Intensive PSC: Compute Intensive
19 Advanced Computational Data Center ACDC: Grid Overview Joplin: Compute Cluster 300 Dual Processor 2.4 GHz Intel Xeon RedHat Linux TB Scratch Space Young: Compute Cluster 16 Dual Sun Blades 47 Sun Ultra5 Solaris GB Scratch Space Expanding RedHat, IRIX, Solaris, WINNT, etc Computer Science & Engineering 25 Single Processor Sun Ultra5s Nash: Compute Cluster 75 Dual Processor 1 GHz Pentium III RedHat Linux TB Scratch Space ACDC: Grid Portal 4 Processor Dell GHz Intel Xeon RedHat Linux GB Scratch Space Fogerty: Condor Flock Master 1 Dual Processor 250 MHz IP30 IRIX 6.5 School of Dental Medicine 9 Single Processor Dell P4 Desktops Mama: Compute Cluster 9 Dual Processor 1 GHz Pentium III RedHat Linux GB Scratch Space Crosby: Compute Cluster SGI Origin MHz IP35 IRIX m 360 GB Scratch Space T1 Connection 19 IRIX, RedHat, & WINNT Processors Hauptman-Woodward Institute 13 Various SGI IRIX Processors Note: Network connections are 100 Mbps unless otherwise noted.
20 Network Connections 1000 Mbps 100 Mbps FDDI 1.54 Mbps (T1) - RPCI 44.7 Mbps (T3) - BCOEB 100 Mbps Medical/Dental 155 Mbps (OC-3) I2 OC-3 - I1 BCOEB 1.54 Mbps (T1) - HWI NYSERNet NYSERNet 350 Main St 350 Main St Abilene 622 Mbps (OC-12) Commercial
21 ACDC Data Grid Overview (Grid-Available Data Repositories) 182 GB Storage Joplin: Compute Cluster 300 Dual Processor 2.4 GHz Intel Xeon RedHat Linux TB Scratch Space 56 GB Storage Young: Compute Cluster 16 Dual Sun Blades 47 Sun Ultra5 Solaris GB Scratch Space Nash: Compute Cluster 75 Dual Processor 1 GHz Pentium III RedHat Linux TB Scratch Space ACDC: Grid Portal 4 Processor Dell GHz Intel Xeon RedHat Linux GB Scratch Space 100 GB Storage 136 GB Storage Mama: Compute Cluster 9 Dual Processor 1 GHz Pentium III RedHat Linux GB Scratch Space Crosby: Compute Cluster SGI Origin MHz IP35 IRIX m 360 GB Scratch Space 70 GB Storage 100 GB Storage CSE Multi-Store 2 TB Network Attached Storage 1.2 TB Storage Area Network 75 TB Note: Network connections are 100 Mbps unless otherwise noted.
22 ACDC-Grid Browser view of miller group files published by user rappleye
23 ACDC-Grid Administration
24 Grid-Enabling Application Templates Structural Biology Earthquake Engineering Pollution Abatement Geographic Information Systems & BioHazards
25 ACDC-Grid Cyber-Infrastructure Predictive Scheduler Define quality of service estimates of job completion, by better estimating job runtimes by profiling users. Data Grid Automated Data File Migration based on profiling users. High-performance Grid-enabled Data Repositories Develop automated procedures for dynamic data repository creation and deletion. Dynamic Resource Allocation Develop automated procedures for dynamic computational resource allocation.
26 ACDC-Grid Collaborations High-Performance Networking Infrastructure WNY Grid Initiative Grid3+ Collaboration ivdgl Member Open Science Grid Member Grid-Based Visualization SGI Collaboration Grid-Lite HP Labs Collaboration Innovative Laboratory Prototype Dell Collaboration
27 Grid Services and Applications Applications ACDC-Grid Computational Resources Globus Toolkit MPI Shake-and-Bake MPI-IO Apache High-level Services and Tools C, C++, Fortran, PHP MySQL NWS globusrun Oracle Metacomputing Directory Service Core Services Globus Security Interface GRAM GASS ACDC-Grid Data Resources Condor Stork MPI Local Services RedHat Linux WINNT LSF PBS Maui Scheduler TCP UDP Irix Solaris Adapted from Ian Foster and Carl Kesselman
28 Middleware Globus Toolkit fi direct upgrade WSRF Condor Network Weather Service 2.6 Apache2 HTTP Server PHP MySQL 3.23 phpmyadmin 2.5.1
29
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