Introduction to. z/vm and Linux on System z. Malcolm Beattie Linux Technical Consultant, IBM UK. From a presentation by Ralf Schiefelbein, IBM Germany

Transcription

1 Introduction to z/vm and Linux on System z Malcolm Beattie Linux Technical Consultant, IBM UK From a presentation by Ralf Schiefelbein, IBM Germany 2006 IBM Corporation

2 Trademarks The following are trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. AIX* CICS* DB2* DB2Connect DB2 Universal Database e business logo ESCON* FICON IBM* IBM logo* IMS/ESA MQSeries* Multiprise* Netfinity OS/390* PR/SM RS/6000* S/390* S/390 Parallel Enterprise Server SecureWay System/390* System z9* System p5* System i5* System x VSE/ESA Virtualisation Engine* WebSphere z/os z/vm zseries xseries pseries BladeCenter On Demand * Registered trademarks of IBM Corporation The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of other companies. Intel is a trademark of the Intel Corporation in the United States and other countries. Java and all Java related trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc., in the United States and other countries. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both. Microsoft, Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. SET and Secure Electronic Transaction are trademarks owned by SET Secure Electronic Transaction LLC. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. * All other products may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Notes: Performance is in Internal Throughput Rate (ITR) ratio based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput that any user will experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput improvements equivalent to the performance ratios stated here. IBM hardware products are manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts. Regardless, our warranty terms apply. All customer examples cited or described in this presentation are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual customer configurations and conditions. This publication was produced in the United States. IBM may not offer the products, services or features discussed in this document in other countries, and the information may be subject to change without notice. Consult your local IBM business contact for information on the product or services available in your area. All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only. Information about non IBM products is obtained from the manufacturers of those products or their published announcements. IBM has not tested those products and cannot confirm the performance, compatibility, or any other claims related to non IBM products. Questions on the capabilities of non IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products. Prices subject to change without notice. Contact your IBM representative or Business Partner for the most current pricing in your geography. This presentation and the claims outlined in it were reviewed for compliance with US law. Adaptations of these claims for use in other geographies must be reviewed by the local country counsel for compliance with local laws. 2

3 What is virtualization? Logical representation of resources not constrained by physical limitations 3 Create many virtual resources within single physical device Reach beyond the box see and manage many virtual resources as one Dynamically change and adjust across the infrastructure

4 What is partitioning? Partitioning is the division of a single server s resources* into multiple, independent, isolated systems capable of running their own operating system Three types of partitioning: Hardware resources are allocated to partitions on a one to one basis with the underlying physical hardware (no sharing among partitions) Logical resources are managed by hardware firmware and allocated to partitions with a finer granularity than hardware partitioning (resource sharing among partitions) Software resources are managed by a software layer, aggregated into shared resource pools, and apportioned to users as virtual system resources, separating the presentation of the resources from the actual physical entities * Resources include: processors, memory, I/O adapters and devices, networking interfaces, co processors 4

5 Server Virtualization Approaches Hardware Partitioning Apps OS Partition Controller... Hypervisor: Type 1 Apps Apps OS OS Adjustable partitions Logical partitioning System p LPAR, HP vpartitions 5 Apps Apps OS OS OS Host OS SMP Server Hypervisor software/firmware runs directly on server System z PR/SM and z/vm POWER Hypervisor HP Integrity VM VMware Infrastructure (ESX)... Apps Hypervisor Hypervisor SMP Server Physical partitioning Sun Domains, HP npartitions... Hypervisor: Type 2 SMP Server Hypervisor software runs on a host operating system VMware Server (GSX) Xen Hypervisor Microsoft Virtual Server Hardware partitioning subdivides a server into fractions, each of which can run an OS Hypervisors use a thin layer of code to achieve fine grained, dynamic resource sharing Type 1 hypervisors with high efficiency and availability will become dominant for servers Type 2 hypervisors will be mainly for clients where host OS integration is desirable

6 What: Virtual Machines Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Hypervisor (z/vm Control Program) A virtual machine is an execution context that obeys the architecture The purpose of z/vm is to virtualize the real hardware: Faithfully replicate the z/architecture Principles of Operation Permit any virtual configuration that could legitimately exist in real hardware Let many virtual machines operate simultaneously Allow over commitment of the real hardware (processors, for example) Your limits will depend on the size of your physical zseries computer Virtual machine aka VM user ID, VM logon, VM Guest, Virtual Server 6

7 What: Virtual Machines in Practice z/os CMS z/vse Linux 32 bit Linux 64 bit z/tpf Others Hypervisor (z/vm Control Program) Control Program Component manages virtual machines that adhere to the S/390 architecture and the z/architecture Extensions available through CP system services and features CMS is special single user system and part of z/vm Control Program interaction via console device 7

8 Phrases Associated with Virtual Machines Linux Linux Virtual processor z/os or z/vse z/vm Control Program Virtual processor Virtual processor Virtual processor Virtual processor z/vm Control Program Logical processor Logical processor Logical processor Logical processor Logical processor Logical processor Logical Partition Logical Partition PR/SM LPAR 8 Logical processor

9 Phrases associated with Virtual Machines In VM Guest: a system that is operating in a virtual machine, also known as user or userid Running under VM or Running on VM: Running a system as a guest of VM Running second level: Running a system as a guest of VM which is itself a guest of another VM A virtual machine may have multiple virtual processors Sharing is very important In relationship to LPAR (partitioning) Logical Partition: LPAR equivalent of a virtual machine Logical Processor: LPAR equivalent of a virtual processor Running native or Running in BASIC mode: running without LPAR 9 Note: Basic mode is not available on z890, z990 or z9 Isolation is very important

10 System z A closer look at the ultimate virtualization resource IBM Mainframe Massive consolidation platform z/vm z/vm z/vm Partitioning Firmware CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3 CPU 4 60 logical partitions, hundreds of virtual servers under z/vm Virtualization is built in, not added on HiperSockets for memory speed communication Most sophisticated and complete hypervisor function available Intelligent & autonomic mgmt. Utilization often exceeds 80% 10 Handles peak workload utilization of 100% without service level degradation of diverse workloads and system resources based on business policies and workload performance objectives

11 System z virtualization / partitioning System z provides two levels of partitioning HiperSockets & Virtual Networking and Switching Web Sphere Test Linux Linux SysAdmin Tools Apache CMS Linux WebSphere WLM z/os z/vm Control Traditional OLTP and Batch WLM FTP Test Linux z/os z/os Program z/vm I/O & Network Memory IFL Processors LPAR Memory Memory Memory Processors LPAR LPAR LPAR Processor Resource / System Manager (PR/SM) 11 PR/SM enables scalable virtual server hosting for LPAR environments z/vm provides hypervisor function for highly scalable virtualization

12 z/vm Unlimited Virtualization Mature technology CP67 introduced in 1967 Software Hypervisor integrated in hardware Logical Partitions (LPARs) Sharing of CPU, memory and I/O resources Virtual network virtual switches/routers Virtual I/O (mini disks, virtual cache, ) Virtual appliances (SNA/NCP, etc.) Easy management Virtual Servers z/vm 12 Rapid install of new servers Cloning or IBM Director task z/vm Center Self optimizing workload management Excellent automation and system management facilities Flexible solution for test and development systems

13 The value of z/vm for Linux Enhanced performance, growth and scalability Server consolidation enables horizontal growth N tier architecture on two tiers of hardware Extensive support for sharing resources Virtual networking Effective isolation of Linux images, if required Increased productivity Development and testing Production support Linux on System z images Server farms Improved operations z/vm Backup and recovery Command and control 13 LPAR

14 Key points to remember about virtualization Virtualization is not about higher performance Applications are not going to run faster on servers engaged in application consolidation. It is very important, though, that applications not run perceptibly slower. Increased efficiency and simplified management is the objective. Higher utilization (virtualization) is directly proportional to available server throughput All virtualization technologies must work within resource constraints of server infrastructure. (All servers have a finite throughput capability.) Throughput potential can best be identified with changed data benchmarks. Virtualization will not overcome a weak server architecture Virtualization introduces mixed / random / unpredictable behavior. Applications have different instruction and data working sets, putting dynamic pressure on the server interconnect. Customers cannot afford to consolidate applications on low reliability servers! A history with virtualization matters 14 Virtualization on IBM System z and POWER is an integration of hardware, firmware and software. All other architectures are physical and/or software implementations. Security, isolation, fair share scheduling are not buzzwords. Common criteria certification.

15 Linux, IBM, and Linux on System z 2006 IBM Corporation

16 Why is Linux is important to customers Linux is about choice and flexibility Linux is secure Linux is reliable Linux drives business goals: Reduce costs Simplification Improve application service levels Promotes innovation Internally change business process and drive contribution to business Generate revenue Drivers to use Linux Today Attractive hardware acquisition costs Availability of low cost, Open Source software Linux runs across all hardware platforms x86, x86 64, RISC and CISC (including mainframes) Interest in alternatives to Windows and UNIX, offering customers choice in software platforms Expectations of improved price/performance Re use of existing UNIX skills in enterprise, HPC computing Source: IDC Directions

17 What is Linux on System z? Standard Linux with ASCII Environment Uses System z HW, including IEEE floating point, HiperSockets, FCP (Open Fibre Channel), CPACF cryptographic CPU instructions, Runs native, within an LPAR, or under z/vm Linux Applikation Linux Kernel GNU GNU RTL Binutils GNU Compiler IBM developedr Code Delta as low as 5% IBM developedr Code System z Hardware Design Principles 17 Not a unique version of Linux (Linux is Linux is Linux) No change to Look & Feel of Linux on System z The IBM commitment to z/os, z/tpf, and z/vse is not affected

18 Integrated Facility for Linux Additional engines dedicated to Linux workloads Supports z/vm and Linux on System z IFLs on sub uni systems run at full speed z800, z890, z9 EC, z9 BC Traditional mainframe software charges unaffected IBM mainframe software Independent Software Vendor products Linux and z/vm charged only against the IFLs 18

19 What System z brings to Linux The most reliable hardware platform available Redundant processors and memory Error detection and correction Remote Support Facility (RSF) Designed to support mixed work loads Allows consolidation while maintaining one server per application Complete work load isolation Centralized Linux systems are easier to manage Scalability System z9 scales to 54 application processors 2 spare processors and up to 8 dedicated I/O processors Hundreds of Linux virtual servers Access to System z specific hardware 19 Cryptographic support CPACF, Crypto Express2 HiperSockets for ultra high speed communication

20 IBM Software for Linux Product Matrix ibm.com/linux/matrix 20

21 Application serving with Linux on System z Internal network Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) Outside world z/vm z/os Collaboration Server Web Application Server Domain Firewall Commerce Server Firewall / LoadBalancer 21 Load Balancer with SSL Acceleration The best LAN is one with no wires Protocol Firewall Firewall / LoadBalancer User Internet Domain Name Server Caching Proxy Server w/ HTTP Load Balancing Public Key Infrastructure Web Application Server Directory Server Systems Management Database Server Shared File System System z Application Node

22 When should Linux on System z be used? 2006 IBM Corporation

23 :30:00 18:10:00 14:50:00 11:30:00 08:10:00 04:50:00 01:30:00 22:00:00 18:40:00 15:20:00 12:00:00 08:40:00 05:20:00 02:00:00 22:30:00 19:10:00 15:50:00 12:30:00 09:10:00 05:50:00 02:30:00 23:00:00 19:40:00 16:20:00 13:00:00 09:40:00 06:20:00 03:00:00 23:30:00 20:10:00 16:50:00 13:30:00 10:10:00 06:50:00 03:30:00 00:10:00 Typical Server Utilization (absolute)

24 :0 0 : :5 0 : :4 0 : :3 0 : :2 0 : :1 0 : :0 0 : :4 0 : :3 0 : :2 0 : :1 0 : :0 0 : :5 0 : :4 0 : :3 0 : :1 0 : :0 0 : :5 0 : :4 0 : :3 0 : :2 0 : :1 0 : :5 0 : :4 0 : :3 0 : :2 0 : :1 0 : :0 0 : :5 0 : :4 0 : :2 0 : :1 0 : :0 0 : :5 0 : :4 0 : :3 0 : :2 0 : :1 0 :0 0 Typical Server Utilization (relative) Installed Capacity

25 The Road to IT Simplification Windows Server Management Server Linux Server Windows Server Network UNIX Server UNIX Server Linux Server Storage Storage Network Logical Simplification Physical Consolidation 1 Workload per Server Different Mgmt Tools Manual Provisioning 25 Virtualization Network Server Storage Complex Virtual Server, Storage, Network Consistent Systems Mgmt. Multiple OS s per Server Rapid Provisioning Automat. Workload Mgmt. Less Server and License Different Mgmt. Tools Labour-intensive Provisioning

26 ISV Support for Linux on System z 900 # ISVs 800 # Appl Q/00 4Q/01 4Q/02 4Q/03 For more details please see: Q/04 4Q/05 0 3Q06 As of: Sept. 2006

27 Some Linux on System z References 27

28 Redbooks for Linux on System z ( Actual 141 entries, e.g.: IBM System z9 109 Technical Introduction, SG , Redbook, published 26 July 2005 z/vm and Linux on zseries: from LPAR to Virtual Servers in Two Days, SG , Redbook, published 20 June 2005 IBM Communication Controller Migration Guide, SG , Redbook, published 14 June 2005 Linux on zseries: Samba 3 Performance Observations, REDP , Redpaper, published 1 April 2005 IBM eserver zseries Connectivity Handbook, SG , Redbook, published 15 February 2005 Experiences with Oracle 10g Database on Linux for zseries, REDP , Redpaper, last update 22 December b.boulder.ibm.com/cgi bin/searchsite.cgi?query=linux+and+(system+and+z9+or+zseries+or+s/390) 28

29 Some Websites IBM Linux ibm.com/linux IBM Software ibm.com/linux/software IBM Global Services ibm.com/linux/support IBM Linux on System z ibm.com/systems/z/os/linux IBM developer works ibm.com/developerworks IBM z/vm vm.ibm.com Red Hat europe.redhat.com Novell/SUSE External Linux on System z Mailing List novell.com

30 Many Thanks for your Attention! Malcolm Beattie IBM UK Europe System z Team e Mail: beattiem@uk.ibm.com 30