IBM Advanced Interactive Executive AIX PS/2 Installing and Customizing the Operating System Version Document Number SC

Transcription

1 IBM Advanced Interactive Executive AIX PS/2 Installing and Customizing the Operating System Version Document Number SC Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991

2 IBM Advanced Interactive Executive AIX PS/2 Installing and Customizing the Operating System Version Document Number SC Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991

3 Edition Notice Edition Notice Third Edition (March 1991) This edition applies to Version of the IBM Advanced Interactive Executive for Personal System/2 (AIX PS/2), Program Number 5713-AEQ, and to all subsequent releases until otherwise indicated in new editions or technical newsletters. Make sure you are using the correct edition for the level of the product. Order publications through your IBM representative or the IBM branch office serving your locality. Publications are not stocked at the address given below. A form for reader's comments appears at the back of this publication. If the form has been removed, address your comments to: IBM Corporation, Department 52QA MS 911 Neighborhood Road Kingston, NY U.S.A. When you send information to IBM, you grant IBM a nonexclusive right to use or distribute the information in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you. Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1989, All rights reserved. Copyright Locus Computing Corporation 1989 Note to U.S. Government Users -- Documentation related to restricted rights -- Use, duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991 EDITION - 1

4 Notices Notices References in this publication to IBM products, programs, or services do not imply that IBM intends to make these available in all countries in which IBM operates. Any reference to an IBM product, program, or service is not intended to state or imply that only IBM's product, program, or service may be used. Any functionally equivalent product, program, or service that does not infringe any of IBM's intellectual property rights or other legally protectible rights may be used instead of the IBM product, program, or service. Evaluation and verification of operation in conjunction with other products, programs, or services, except those expressly designated by IBM, are the user's responsibility. IBM may have patents or pending patent applications covering subject matter in this document. The furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents. You can send license inquiries, in writing, to the IBM Director of Commercial Relations, IBM Corporation, Purchase, NY Subtopics Trademarks and Acknowledgments Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991 FRONT_1-1

5 Trademarks and Acknowledgments Trademarks and Acknowledgments The following trademarks apply to this book: AIX, Personal System/2 and PS/2 are registered trademarks o International Business Machines Corporation. DOS Merge is a licensed program of Locus Computing Corporation Ethernet is a trademark of Xerox Corporation HYPERchannel is a registered trademark of Network Systems Corporation INed is a registered trademark of INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation INmail and INnet are trademarks of INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation NFS is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc POSIX is a trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). UNIX is a registered trademark of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. i the USA and other countries. X-Windows is a trademark of Massachusetts Institute of Technology Portions of the code and documentation were developed at the Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Department at the Berkeley Campus of the University of California under the auspices of the Regents of the University of California. Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991 FRONT_1.1-1

6 About This Book About This Book This book shows you how to install the IBM Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX) Operating System for the Personal System/2, hereafter referred to as AIX PS/2, and how to customize the system to suit your needs. The step-by-step instructions enable you to install the operating system and its accompanying programs. Subtopics Who Should Read This Book How to Use This Book Related Publications Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991 FRONT_2-1

7 Who Should Read This Book Who Should Read This Book This book is written for anyone who would like to install the AIX PS/2 Operating System. It should also be read by anyone responsible for planning the installation. Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991 FRONT_2.1-1

8 How to Use This Book How to Use This Book This book contains eight chapters. We suggest that you read Chapter 1 in its entirety to familiarize yourself with the functions and capabilities of AIX PS/2. Next, read Chapter 2 which tells you how to plan an installation and Chapter 3 which shows you how to install the base operating system. Then, depending on how you plan to customize the system and whether you are installing for a single user or a cluster, read the remaining chapters in any order you want. This book also includes two appendixes. They contain supplementary information that you may find helpful as you install the system. A glossary of terms is also included. Japanese Language Support: If Japanese Language Support is provided with your system, all input required during install and update processes must still be entered in English. Instances of required English input as well as any other differences from the base system (supporting US-English and European locales) are pointed out in relevant sections of this book. Subtopics Quick-Reference Boxes Highlighting Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991 FRONT_2.2-1

9 Quick-Reference Boxes Quick-Reference Boxes Most of the chapters have the same basic structure. For each major task, you find a brief discussion of the task and a quick-reference box containing the steps for performing that task. For some tasks, additional examples and explanations are given under the heading, "In Detail". Typically, a quick-reference box contains no examples, sample screens, or additional information. It serves only as a reference or a reminder of the basic steps. It does not replace the information in the "In Detail" section. Here is an example: +--- To Request Devices Log in to the system. 2. At the system prompt, type devices and press Enter. The DEVICE CUSTOMIZING COMMANDS screen is displayed Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991 FRONT_

10 Highlighting AIX PS/2 Installing and Customizing the Operating System Highlighting This book uses different type styles to distinguish among certain kinds of information. General information is printed in standard type style (the style used for this sentence). The following type styles indicate other types of information: Type Style Italics Bold Bold Italics Monospace Description Variables appear in italic type. Files, path names, commands, flags, and keywords appear in bold type. New terms introduced in the text appear in bold italic type and are defined in the glossary. Text that you type or that shows on your display screen appears in monospace type. Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991 FRONT_

11 Related Publications Related Publications For additional information, you may want to refer to the following publications: AIX Commands Reference, SC (Vol. 1) and SC (Vol. 2), lists and describes the AIX/370 and AIX PS/2 Operating System commands. AIX Guide to Multibyte Character Set (MBCS) Support, GC , explains the basic concepts of AIX Multibyte character set support and refers to other AIX books that contain more detailed information. AIX Messages Reference, SC , lists messages displayed by the AIX Operating System and explains how to respond to them. AIX Programming Tools and Interfaces, SC , describes the programming environment of the AIX Operating System and includes information about operating system tools that are used to develop, compile, and debug programs. AIX TCP/IP User's Guide, SC , describes the features of TCP/IP and shows how to install and customize the program. It includes reference information on TCP/IP commands that are used to transfer files, manage the network, and log into remote systems. AIX Technical Reference, SC (Vol. 1) and SC (Vol. 2), describes the system calls and subroutines a programmer uses to write application programs. This book also provides information about the AIX Operating System file system, special files, miscellaneous files, and the writing of device drivers. AIX PS/2 General Information, GC , describes the AIX PS/2 Operating System's functions and capabilities and the product's position in the AIX family of products. AIX PS/2 Keyboard Description and Character Reference, SC , describes the characters and keyboards supported by the AIX PS/2 Operating System. This book also provides information on keyboard position codes, keyboard states, control code points, code-sequence processing, and non-spacing character sequences. AIX PS/2 Text Formatting Guide, SC , describes the text formatting utilities available on the PS/2 and shows how to format text with NROFF and TROFF. This book also shows how to use the vi editor to create, revise, and store files. Managing the AIX Operating System, SC , describes such system-management tasks as adding and deleting user IDs, creating and mounting file systems, backing up the system, repairing file system damage, and setting up an electronic mail system and other networking facilities. Using the AIX Operating System, SC , shows the beginning user how to use AIX Operating System commands to do such basic tasks as log in and out of the system, display and print files, and set and change passwords. It includes information for intermediate to advanced users about how to use communication and networking facilities and write shell procedures. Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991 FRONT_2.3-1

12 Related Publications AIX Japanese User's Guide, SC (written in Japanese), provides programming information for use of the PS/55 system. Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991 FRONT_2.3-2

13 Table of Contents Table of Contents TITLE Title Page COVER Book Cover EDITION Edition Notice FRONT_1 Notices FRONT_1.1 Trademarks and Acknowledgments FRONT_2 About This Book FRONT_2.1 Who Should Read This Book FRONT_2.2 How to Use This Book FRONT_2.2.1 Quick-Reference Boxes FRONT_2.2.2 Highlighting FRONT_2.3 Related Publications CONTENTS Table of Contents FIGURES Figures TABLES Tables 1.0 Chapter 1. Introducing the AIX PS/2 Operating System 1.1 CONTENTS 1.2 About This Chapter 1.3 Introducing the AIX PS/2 Software AIX PS/2 System Programs 1.4 Cluster Installation Overview Transparent Computing Facility (TCF) Standalone PS/ Homogeneous Clusters 1.5 Customizing Your System 1.6 Backing Up Your AIX PS/2 Operating System 2.0 Chapter 2. Planning for Cluster Site Installation 2.1 CONTENTS 2.2 About This Chapter 2.3 Overview of AIX PS/ Minidisks 2.4 Planning Minidisk Sizes Minidisk Types Fixed Disk Drive Data Capacity Minidisks Defined by the System Minidisks Defined by the User 2.5 Calculating Minidisk Size Requirements Using the Calculation Worksheets 3.0 Chapter 3. Installing the AIX PS/2 Operating System 3.1 CONTENTS 3.2 About This Chapter 3.3 What You Need Using the Reference Diskette 3.4 What You Will Be Doing 3.5 Booting the Kernel from the Boot Diskettes The Bootstrap Menu 3.6 Running the Installation Program Install and Customize AIX Change Current Choices and Install 3.7 Rebooting the Kernel from the Boot Diskettes 3.8 Completing the Installation of AIX PS/2 3.9 After the Installation Logging in to the AIX PS/2 Operating System Logging out of the AIX PS/2 Operating System File Size Limits 4.0 Chapter 4. Installing Additional Licensed Program Products 4.1 CONTENTS 4.2 About This Chapter 4.3 Selecting Additional Programs 4.4 Preparing For Additional Program Installation in a TCF Cluster Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991 CONTENTS - 1

14 Table of Contents 4.5 Installing Licensed Program Products 4.6 Installing Additional Programs after the Original Installation History Files linstall Updating LPPs 5.0 Chapter 5. Installing a PS/2 TCF Cluster Site 5.1 CONTENTS 5.2 About This Chapter 5.3 What You Need 5.4 What You Will Be Doing 5.5 Setting Up Your PS/2 for Installation Copying the Install and Maintenance Diskettes Installing Minidisks Running the clm Program Configuring TCP/IP Coming up as a Dependent Site Running newsite Coming Up as a Secondary Site 5.6 Performing a Remote Boot on a PS/ Introduction Before Performing a Remote Boot Remote Boot Procedures 5.7 Generating a New Kernel The newkernel Command Loading and Testing an Experimental Kernel Making a New Kernel the Standard Kernel TCF Requirements Deleting Old Kernels 6.0 Chapter 6. Customizing the TCF Cluster 6.1 CONTENTS 6.2 About This Chapter 6.3 Setting Up LPP Propagation Defining fstore Values Customizing fstore Values: Example File System fstore Bitmasks 6.4 Setting Up Complex Clusters Customizing Your Startup Files for Complex Clusters Configuring a Complex Cluster 6.5 Network Topology Requirements Non-Cooperating Gateways 7.0 Chapter 7. Using the devices Command 7.1 CONTENTS 7.2 About This Chapter 7.3 Using the devices Command to Customize the System 7.4 IBM-Defined Devices 7.5 Customization Files Configuration Files Device-Dependent Information Files 7.6 Getting Ready to Use the Devices Command Starting and Exiting Devices Using Abbreviated Commands Handling Errors Adding a Device May Require Restarting the AIX PS/2 Operating 7.7 Understanding the Devices Commands Adding Devices Changing Device Information Deleting Devices Showing Device Information 7.8 Using the Devices Commands 7.9 Displaying All Devices in the System Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991 CONTENTS - 2

15 Table of Contents 7.10 Displaying Information about Specific Devices 7.11 Adding Devices to the System Example: Adding an IBM-Defined Device with Defaults In Detail Example: Adding an Asynchronous Terminal In Detail Example: Adding an Unsupported Printer In Detail 7.12 Changing Information about System Devices In Detail 7.13 Deleting Devices from the System In Detail 7.14 Other Device-Specific Information 8.0 Chapter 8. Using the minidisks Command 8.1 CONTENTS 8.2 About This Chapter 8.3 Learning about Minidisks 8.4 Using the minidisks Command Starting and Exiting Minidisks Using Abbreviated Commands 8.5 Using Minidisks Commands Adding Minidisks Changing Mount Attributes Deleting Minidisks Marking a Minidisk as Active Releasing Free Space Showing Minidisk Information and Planning Ahead Example: Using the minidisks Command In Detail Example: Displaying Minidisk Information In Detail Example: Adding an AIX Minidisk In Detail In Detail Example: Providing Space for DOS Merge and Non-AIX Minidisk In Detail Example: Deleting a Minidisk In Detail Example: Changing Minidisk Mount Attributes In Detail A.0 Appendix A. Special Processing for Devices and Minidisks A.1 Devices A.1.1 Printers and Plotters A Adding a Printer or Plotter A Deleting a Printer or Plotter A.1.2 pty Devices A Adding a pty Device A Deleting a pty Device A.1.3 tty Devices A Adding a Terminal A Deleting a Terminal A Devices A Adding a 3270 Device A Deleting a 3270 Device A.1.5 LAN Devices A Adding a LAN device A.1.6 Tapes A Adding a Tape A Deleting a Tape A.2 Minidisks Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991 CONTENTS - 3

16 B.0 BACK_1 INDEX AIX PS/2 Installing and Customizing the Operating System Table of Contents Appendix B. User Configurable Files Glossary Index Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991 CONTENTS - 4

17 Figures Figures 1-1. Example of a standalone PS/ Example of a homogeneous cluster Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991 FIGURES - 1

18 Tables Tables 2-1. Base Operating System Disk Space Requirements Licensed Program Disk Space Requirements Minidisk Calculation Worksheet Disk Configuration Worksheet Running the clm (cluster maintenance) program Bringing up a PS2 as a dependent site in a TCF cluster IBM Defined Devices 7.4 Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 1991 TABLES - 1

19 Chapter 1. Introducing the AIX PS/2 Operating System 1.0 Chapter 1. Introducing the AIX PS/2 Operating System Subtopics 1.1 CONTENTS 1.2 About This Chapter 1.3 Introducing the AIX PS/2 Software 1.4 Cluster Installation Overview 1.5 Customizing Your System 1.6 Backing Up Your AIX PS/2 Operating System Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

20 CONTENTS 1.1 CONTENTS Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

21 About This Chapter 1.2 About This Chapter This chapter describes the following items to help you prepare to install the AIX PS/2 Operating System: The AIX PS/2 Operating System and its functions in your IBM PS/ TCF considerations in AIX PS/2 cluster installation Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

22 Introducing the AIX PS/2 Software 1.3 Introducing the AIX PS/2 Software The AIX PS/2 Operating System is a version of IBM's Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX) for Intel and based IBM PS/2s. AIX PS/2 supports multiple user sessions with each user being allowed to execute many programs simultaneously. In addition, with DOS Merge, AIX PS/2 enables the user to run DOS 3.3(TM) programs in a true DOS environment. When you have set up your PS/2 according to the instructions included with it, you can install the IBM AIX PS/2 Operating System. The operating system manages system resources for you. It enables you to use several complex functions without having to know how those functions work. For instance, the AIX PS/2 Operating System gives you access to system programs that handle processing, scheduling, storage, file systems, and printing. In addition, it accommodates several users at one time, and enables each user to run several processes at one time. The most important program in the AIX PS/2 Operating System is the Base System Program. You must install this program before your IBM PS/2 is ready for you to do work. The Base System Program contains the operating system code that performs many of the processing tasks on your PS/2. The Base System Program interprets a set of commands that perform a variety of tasks, including management of the AIX PS/2 file system. Additional operating system features provide a variety of options to extend the function and capabilities of your PS/2. These optionally installable features include an editor, support for additional device types, communications capabilities, and so on. Each of these features is described in Chapter 3, "Installing the AIX PS/2 Operating System." The operating system installation program is menu-driven; that is, you will be presented with a list of items from which to choose. The installation program will also be discussed in Chapter 3. Before you select an option, you should read enough about the various installation options to understand exactly what each one does. Then, you can decide which option best meets your system needs and requirements. AIX PS/2 may be used on a standalone system or on the PS/2 sites in a cluster. Subtopics AIX PS/2 System Programs Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

23 AIX PS/2 System Programs AIX PS/2 System Programs AIX PS/2 contains two basic types of programs. They are: The Base Operating System for the AIX PS/ The Licensed Program Products are optionally available programs whic perform a particular function. LPPs available to run with AIX PS/2 include, but are not limited to the following: Application Development Toolkit (ADT) C DOS Merge DOS SERVER Graphic Support Library (GSL) INed and INmail/INnet/INftp Network File System (NFS) Operating System Extensions TCP/IP Text Formatting System (TFS) Transparent Computing Facility (TCF) Usability Services VS COBOL VS FORTRAN Version 2 VS Pascal Workstation Host Interface Program (WHIP) X.25 X-Windows Japanese Language Support If Japanese Language Support is provided with your AIX operating system, note that this support is integrated into AIX. The Multibyte Character Set (MBCS) encoding system, which allows Japanese users to interact with their AIX system primarily in Japanese, is not an LPP. Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

24 Cluster Installation Overview 1.4 Cluster Installation Overview The installation of an AIX PS/2 cluster is the sequenced installation of a set of AIX PS/2 cluster sites with Transparent Computing Facility (TCF). There are a number of configuration decisions that must be made prior to starting the process. The overall process involves the following main steps: 1. Select the machine for the primary site that will maintain the primary copy of the (replicated) root file system. 2. Determine the names and cluster site numbers for all sites. 3. Install the cluster site system on the machine selected to maintain the primary copy of the (replicated) root. Install the additional packages required to support TCF and/or the packages you desire to have available within the cluster. 4. For the remaining machines (secondary sites), decide which of the machines will maintain backbone copies of the (replicated) root file system and which machines will maintain secondary copies of the (replicated) root file systems. 5. Install AIX PS/2 on each of the remaining machines using the installation procedure for AIX PS/2 (see Chapter 3, "Installing the AIX PS/2 Operating System"). Subtopics Transparent Computing Facility (TCF) Standalone PS/ Homogeneous Clusters Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

25 Transparent Computing Facility (TCF) Transparent Computing Facility (TCF) The Transparent Computing Facility (TCF) provides the environment for combining one or more AIX PS/2 computers into a cluster connected on a Local Area Network (LAN). The TCF cluster appears as a single machine to users accessing cluster resources and acts as a single computer system when communicating outside the cluster. The cluster has a replicated root file system which contains key common files and directories for basic system operation. Almost all system binaries and program libraries are in the replicated root file system. Each root file system has a designated primary copy that resides on the primary site in the cluster. This primary copy is the only root file system copy that can be updated. The read-only backbone copy of the replicated root file system resides on a secondary cluster site. Changes are automatically made to the backbone copy of the root file system from the primary copy, to guarantee that root file updates are kept consistent on all sites within the cluster. Secondary sites in the cluster may have secondary copies of the root file system. These secondary copies contain only a subset of the files and directories in the primary copy of the root file system. Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

26 Standalone PS/ Standalone PS/2 One PS/2 computer can run AIX PS/2 as a standalone site. Figure 1-1 shows a standalone PS/2. Figure 1-1. Example of a standalone PS/2 Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

27 Homogeneous Clusters Homogeneous Clusters The homogeneous cluster includes an AIX PS/2 computer serving as the primary site and PS/2s serving as secondary sites. Figure 1-2 shows a homogeneous cluster. Figure 1-2. Example of a homogeneous cluster Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

28 Customizing Your System 1.5 Customizing Your System As you install the AIX PS/2 Operating System, the system automatically configures your system with the basic hardware components (system unit, display, keyboard). But as you add other hardware components (a printer, for example) and users to your system, and as you change the defaults, you customize your system. When you customize your system, you describe (to the system) the devices, programs, and users for a particular machine. You have the choice of using IBM-supplied defaults or of tailoring information about devices and minidisks to suit your own needs. You can customize your system as you install the AIX PS/2 Operating System or any time thereafter. You can customize your system with two basic commands: devices Add predefined devices to your system, delete devices already attached to your system, and display or change device information describing your system. Chapter 7, "Using the devices Command," explains how to use the devices command. minidisks Organize the storage space on your fixed disk. You can add minidisks to your fixed disk. You also can delete minidisks from your fixed disk or change the minidisk characteristics. Chapter 8, "Using the minidisks Command," explains how to use the minidisks command. Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

29 Backing Up Your AIX PS/2 Operating System 1.6 Backing Up Your AIX PS/2 Operating System After you have installed the Base System Program and any additional operating system programs or licensed programs, you may make backup copies of all your system information. Having backup diskettes (or tapes) helps protect you against possible loss of programs and files. See Managing the AIX Operating System for more information about backup procedures and security concerns. Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

30 Chapter 2. Planning for Cluster Site Installation 2.0 Chapter 2. Planning for Cluster Site Installation Subtopics 2.1 CONTENTS 2.2 About This Chapter 2.3 Overview of AIX PS/2 2.4 Planning Minidisk Sizes 2.5 Calculating Minidisk Size Requirements Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

31 CONTENTS 2.1 CONTENTS Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

32 About This Chapter 2.2 About This Chapter This chapter describes the following items to help you plan to install the AIX PS/2 operating system. Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

33 Overview of AIX PS/2 2.3 Overview of AIX PS/2 When you install the AIX Operating System, you must perform two groups of tasks that are necessary to operate the system. To begin, you need to tell the AIX operating system the basic configuration of your machine. You will configure the system for the national language you are using, the type of display, your time zone, and the keyboard language. At this point the AIX operating system understands the input from your keyboard and knows how to display information to you. You will also set the name of your machine to distinguish your particular machine from others in a networked environment. Once you have set this information, you will not have to reset it, unless the battery in your PS/2 needs to be replaced. The other group of tasks defines the fixed disk space you will use for the AIX operating system. AIX does not disturb disk areas claimed by other operating systems, such as DOS. When you install AIX, the system shows you data about the current free space left on the fixed disk. If there is not enough disk storage for AIX in the current disk configuration, you will see a message informing you to remove some data from the fixed disk and allocate that space as free space. (In DOS, you would use the fdisk program to do this. See the Disk Operating System (DOS) Reference manual for more information about fdisk.) If there is enough room on the fixed disk to install AIX, you can go on. Subtopics Minidisks Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

34 Minidisks Minidisks You will divide the space on your fixed disk into several areas, called minidisks. These minidisks are split into file systems. These are the root, the user, the temporary, and a local file systems, and a virtual memory paging space and a dump file. If there is more space than you need for these system minidisks, you can create minidisks for extra space, once you have installed the system. Any minidisks created in this fashion can be saved if you want to reinstall a newer version of AIX at a later date. You may also choose the sizes for system minidisks. Defaults which should work for most applications are provided. However, if you choose to change these default values, there are several important factors to keep in mind, especially the purpose of each minidisk. The root file system minidisk is the storage area for all system commands, utilities, and application programs. If the user is planning to install other applications, such as X-Windows or DOS Merge, this file system should be made large enough to accommodate future growth and applications. The user file system minidisk is where most users' home directories, data, and applications are stored. This minidisk should be decreased for systems with only a few users and increased for systems with many users. The temporary file system minidisk is used for temporary storage by programs that are currently executing. The local file system minidisk is where system-specific configuration information is kept. The size of this minidisk should not be decreased, and in most cases, the system's choice of its size will be correct. The virtual memory page space minidisk defines the amount of virtual memory the system has. The number of programs that the user expects to run concurrently and the size of the machine's random-access memory should determine the size of this minidisk. The dump file minidisk stores a copy of the system memory if a fatal error occurs. This partition is not used during normal operation and should not be larger than the amount of real memory. If this partition size is set to 0, then the user will be prompted to save the system dump on diskette. Now you can enter the first stage of the installation process. During this stage, the fixed disk is prepared and the AIX file systems are created. The minimal AIX system commands are then installed on the hard drive, and system-specific information is created. When the first stage is completed, the system halts itself and waits for the final stage of installation. Finally you will complete the last stage of the installation by copying the AIX distribution diskettes onto the fixed disk. Then the system is ready to start up as a normal system. If you have also purchased other application programs for AIX, you can also install them at this time. Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

35 Planning Minidisk Sizes 2.4 Planning Minidisk Sizes Planning ahead for minidisk size requirements is much easier than making corrections if you should run out of space. To plan your software installation for your specific needs, complete the worksheets provided in this chapter and begin the installation process with Chapter 3, "Installing the AIX PS/2 Operating System." If you have a stand-alone system, or would prefer to install the system with the default storage space, skip this chapter. In order to plan for installation of the operating system and licensed programs, you may find the information on the following topics helpful: AIX PS/2 minidisk type PS/2 fixed disk drive capacity Subtopics Minidisk Types Fixed Disk Drive Data Capacity Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

36 Minidisk Types Minidisk Types The AIX Operating System requires that different parts of the system, various working files, and user data be placed on partitions of the fixed disk called minidisks. A minidisk is a variable-size portion of contiguous space on a fixed disk. Minidisks consist of 1024-byte segments called blocks. All references to minidisk size are expressed as a number of blocks. Not all the space on a fixed disk has to be included in defined minidisks. Free space on a fixed disk can always be used for future expansion and to maintain flexibility. These topics are discussed in the following sections. Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

37 Fixed Disk Drive Data Capacity Fixed Disk Drive Data Capacity You can have up to 2 internal fixed disks on the PS/2. Internal disks come in 40-, 60-, 70-, 114-, 120- and 315-megabyte models. The capacity of the internal fixed disks, in 1024-byte blocks, is approximately: 40-megabyte drive = 43,000 blocks 60-megabyte drive = 59,000 blocks 70-megabyte drive = 71,000 blocks 114-megabyte drive = 112,000 blocks 120-megabyte drive = 117,000 blocks 315-megabyte drive = 307,000 blocks Subtopics Minidisks Defined by the System Minidisks Defined by the User Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

38 Minidisks Defined by the System Minidisks Defined by the System During installation and configuration of a typical PS/2, the system defines several minidisks for its basic software components and requirements. These system minidisks reside only on internal disks and include: / (root) The / minidisk, called the root minidisk, is the highest level file system of the AIX Operating System. This minidisk can also contain some of the system files and licensed program files, but should not be used for personal user files. /aixps2 /aixps2 is the default for the machine name minidisk. This is the local file system used to store the frequently updated system files. /aixps2/tmp /u The /aixps2/tmp minidisk is a file system used for temporary files. If large files are archived, sorted, or edited, the size of the /aixps2/tmp minidisk must be increased to accommodate these large files. IBM recommends that you allocate at least 2000 blocks for /aixps2/tmp. Some programming and development environments require more than 2000 blocks. The /u minidisk is created for storage of user files. The amount of fixed disk space to allow for /u depends on how many users your system will be supporting and the licensed programs you plan to use. dump The dump minidisk contains operating system memory dumps. This information is helpful in case you experience problems or require diagnostic service at your site. If your system has one 40-megabyte fixed disk, IBM recommends you allocate no blocks for dump. If this partition size is set to 0, then the user will be prompted to save the system dump on diskette. Note: All other systems should add 24 blocks to the RAM size of the PS/2 to configure the dump partition. page space Paging is the copying of virtual memory contents into or out of the available real memory. The default page space minidisk sizes are determined by the fixed disk configuration and the amount of random-access memory. These defaults can be changed when the operating system is installed. The default page space minidisk size for systems with 40-megabyte fixed disks is 3500 blocks; the page space size for systems with fixed disks larger than 40-megabytes should be twice the size of the physical RAM. You can store user files on the /, /aixps2/tmp, or /aixps2 minidisk. Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

39 Minidisks Defined by the System However, if the operating system is ever reinstalled using the install option rather than the replace option, these minidisks may be completely replaced and user files lost. IBM recommends that you place user files only on the /u minidisk or on minidisks you define. About 5 percent of the space is used for indexes, so the actual space available for data is about 95 percent of the total minidisk space. Note: AIX and DOS can reside on the same system. DOS partitions are maintained separately from AIX partitions, and cannot be changed with AIX. When you install AIX, make sure there is enough free storage on your fixed disk. Use the Minidisk Calculation Worksheet to find the amount of storage needed for installation. If there is not enough storage on the hard file system use the DOS fdisk program to remove DOS partitions until the required storage is available. Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

40 Minidisks Defined by the User Minidisks Defined by the User You can define your own minidisks in addition to the default minidisks defined by the system. Some licensed programs require that you define a separate minidisk for their files. For some large programs, IBM recommends that you define separate minidisks. "Learning about Minidisks" in topic 8.3 provides more information on user-defined minidisks, as well as the default locations of minidisks for systems with one or two fixed disks. Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

41 Calculating Minidisk Size Requirements 2.5 Calculating Minidisk Size Requirements Table 2-1 in topic and Table 2-2 in topic show the minidisk space requirements for operating system components and the values for optionally available licensed programs. The Operating System Extensions program consists of multiple diskettes included with the AIX Operating System, contains components that can be installed separately. Installing only those you need will leave space available for other uses. See Chapter 4, "Installing Additional Licensed Program Products," for descriptions of each module and of other additional AIX Operating System programs. These descriptions may help you decide whether to install some or all of the programs. You should install only those that you think you will need. Notes: 1. If you are installing a PS/2 TCF cluster site, the minimum requirement for LPPs includes the Base Operating System, and TCF. 2. Block-size requirements provided in this publication for software components are accurate as of the date of this publication. Variations may occur as a result of modifications to the software components made by the manufacturer. IBM is not responsible for variations made to these components after the date of this publication. Subtopics Using the Calculation Worksheets Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

42 Using the Calculation Worksheets Using the Calculation Worksheets The worksheets on the next pages are provided so you can calculate the fixed disk requirements for a given set of software components and plan for the placement of minidisks on the fixed disks. Photocopy and fill out the Minidisk Calculation Worksheet (Table 2-3) using the block-sizes from Table 2-1 in topic and Table 2-2. Additional space is provided on the worksheet along the top for minidisks you have defined, and along the side for programs not listed in the tables. The Future Uses row, in the Minidisk Calculation Worksheet (Table 2-3), allows you to include an expansion factor for minidisk size. The Disk Configuration Worksheet (Table 2-4) helps to verify that the number and size of fixed disks you have chosen will support your software. After you have decided which programs to install, follow these steps to calculate fixed disk requirements and plan for minidisk placement: 1. Make a photocopy of Table 2-1, Table 2-2, Table 2-3, and Table 2-4. Fill out the copies, not the originals. 2. Find the Operating System programs on the Base Operating Disk Space Table (Table 2-1) that you intend to use. Circle (or highlight in some way) the block-size requirement values that correspond to the programs you have selected. On the Minidisk Calculation Worksheet, write the program names in the blank spaces in the Program row and indicate the required block-sizes in the appropriate minidisk columns. 3. Find the licensed programs on the Licensed Program Disk Space Table (Table 2-2) that you intend to use. Circle (or highlight in some way) the block-size requirement values that correspond to the programs you have selected. On the Minidisk Calculation Worksheet, write the program names in the blank spaces in the Program row and indicate the required block-sizes in the appropriate minidisk columns. 4. If you plan to use a software program not listed in this publication, write the program name in one of the blank spaces in the Program row and indicate the required block-sizes in the appropriate minidisk columns. If you plan to define a minidisk not listed, write the minidisk name in one of the blank spaces in the Minidisk Name row and indicate the required block-sizes below. 5. To allow minidisk space for future expansion, write the block-size requirements in the Future Uses row for the appropriate minidisks. 6. Write the total block-size requirement for each minidisk (including dump, page space, and user minidisks) in the Totals row. 7. Now fill out the Disk Configuration Worksheet with the results from the Minidisk Calculation Worksheet. Write the minidisk name and total number of blocks required in the spaces provided for systems with one or two fixed disks. Be sure that you have enough disk space to support your planned software. 8. In TCF clusters, remember to add the inode overhead for the / Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

43 Using the Calculation Worksheets minidisk. This value is calculated by dividing the number of files (inodes) allocated on the primary site for the / (root) filesystem by 2. For example: 12,000 inodes / 2 = 6,000 1K Blocks 9. Add 24 blocks to the RAM size of the PS/2 to configure the dump partition Note If the total number of blocks exceeds the number of blocks available with your fixed disk configuration, consider the following actions: Rearrange the minidisks in the following order to use the available disk space more efficiently: - The dump minidisk can be moved without affecting performance. - The /u or user-defined minidisks can be moved. - The /aixps2/tmp minidisk can be moved. - If necessary, move either / (root) or /aixps2. Divide user data into several smaller minidisks to spread it across multiple disks. Use a larger fixed disk instead of a 40-megabyte disk. Either of these actions will require that you change the page space if default values are used The base operating system requirements (in 1K blocks) are: Table 2-1. Base Operating System Disk Space Requirements Program Name /root /aixps Base System Program* 15,000 2, Asynchronous Terminal Emulation DOS Server Graphic Subroutine Library* 3, CD ROM Learn 2, * Must be installed on each PS/2 cluster site The Licensed Program disk space requirements are: Table 2-2. Licensed Program Disk Space Requirements Program Name /root /aixps2 Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

44 Using the Calculation Worksheets Extensions Administrative Support Extended User Support 1,140 0 Games Mail, Sendmail Man Pages 8,500 0 Message Handler 3,275 0 Samples Basic Networking Utilities 2, Application Development Toolkit SCCS Application Development Support Tools 10, DOS Merge 1, TCP/IP* 1, Text Formatting System (TFS) 1, X.25 1, Network File System (NFS) Transparent Computing Facility (TCF) INed 2, INmail/INnet/INftp Usability 2, X-Windows X-Windows 9,600 X-Windows Samples 5,500 0 X-Windows Japanese Language Support 7,600 0 IAA AIX Windows AIX Windows 2,400 0 AIX Windows Desktop 3, Workstation Host Interface Program 3, C compiler Extended C compiler 1, VS FORTRAN VS Pascal VS Cobol * Must be installed on each PS/2 cluster site Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

45 Using the Calculation Worksheets Table 2-3. Minidisk Calculation Worksheet Minidisk Name Program Name / /aixs/aixs2 dump page (roo) /tmp /u spac Totals Future Uses Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,

46 Using the Calculation Worksheets Totals * Add 24K to the RAM size of the PS/2 to configure the dump partition Table 2-4. Disk Configuration Worksheet Disk 1 (hd0) Disk 2 (hd1) Minidisk Name Number of Blocks Minidisk Name Number of Blocks Copyright IBM Corp. 1989,