Upravljanje softverskim projektima

Transcription

1 Part 1 imple cheduling 6 racking Progress on asks aving a Project Baseline racking a Project as cheduled Entering a ask s ompletion Percentage Entering Actual Values for asks 01/09

2 racking Progress on asks ave current values in a schedule as a baseline Record progress on tasks through a specific date Record a task s percentage of completion Enter actual work and duration values for tasks Until now, you have focused on project planning developing and communicating the details of a project plan before actual work begins. When work begins, the next phase of project management: tracking progress. racking means recording project details such as who did what work, when the work was done, and at what cost. hese details are often called actuals. Properly track project performance and compare it with the original plan. he different levels of tracking detail include the following: o Record project work as scheduled o Record each task s percentage of completion, either at precise values or at increments such as 25, 50, 75, or 100 percent o Record the actual start, actual finish, actual work, and actual and remaining duration for each task or assignment o rack assignment-level work by time period 02/09

3 aving a Project Baseline After developing a project plan, one of a project manager s most important activities is to record actuals and evaluate project performance o judge project performance properly, it is helpful to compare it with your original plan. his original plan is called the baseline plan, or just the baseline When you save a baseline, Project takes a snapshot of the existing values (start dates, finish dates, costs of the tasks, resources, and assignments and timephased fields) and saves it in your Project plan for future comparison imephased fields show task, resource, and assignment values distributed over time Project supports up to 11 baselines in a single plan. he first one is called Baseline, and the rest are Baseline 1 through Baseline 10 Exercise: save the baseline for a project plan and then view the baseline values 1. tart Project 2. Open the imple racking_tart 3. File / ave as: imple racking, click ave 4. On the Project tab, in the chedule group, click et Baseline, and then click et Baseline 5. lick OK (Project saves the baseline using the default settings.) 03/09

4 You will now see some of the changes caused by saving the baseline. 6. On the View tab, in the ask Views group, click Other Views and then click ask heet 7. On the View tab, in the Data group, click ables 8. lick Variance IP: You also can right-click the elect All button in the upper-left corner of the active table to switch to a different table he Variance table appears. his table includes both the scheduled and baseline start and finish columns, shown side by side for easy comparison. 9. On the View tab, in the ask Views group, click Gantt hart IP: Quick way to see baseline values in the Gantt hart view: on the Format tab, in the Bar tyles group, click Baseline and then click the baseline. racking a Project as cheduled he simplest approach to tracking progress is to report that the actual work is proceeding exactly as planned When you record progress through a specific date, Project calculates actual duration, remaining duration, actual costs, and other values up to the date you entered 04/09

5 Exercise: record project actuals by updating work to a specific date 1. On the Project tab, in the tatus group, click Update Project 2. Make sure the Update work as complete through option is selected. In the adjacent date box, type or select lick OK Project records the completion percentage for the tasks that were scheduled to start before January 11. It displays that progress by drawing progress bars in the Gantt bars for those tasks. Entering a ask s ompletion Percentage After work has begun on a task, you can quickly record its progress as a percentage When you enter a completion percentage other than 0, Project changes the task s actual start date to match its scheduled start date Project then calculates actual duration, remaining duration, actual costs, and other values based on the percentage you enter Exercise: record completion percentages of some tasks in the project plan 1. In the ask Name column, select the name of task 5, Design and order marketing material 2. On the ask tab, in the chedule group, click 100% omplete Project records the actual work for the task as scheduled. 05/09

6 Next you ll record that the completion milestone for the Planning Phase and the first task of the Internal Launch Phase are complete. 1. In the ask Name column, select the name of task 6, Planning complete! and while holding down the trl key, select the name of task 8, Kickoff book launch meeting 2. On the ask tab, in the chedule group, click 100% omplete Next, you ll get a better look at how progress is displayed in a task s Gantt bar. You will enter a completion percentage value for a different task. 1. lick the name of task 9, Prepare book P&L statement 2. On the ask tab, in the chedule group, click 50% omplete Note that although 50% of the work on task 9 is completed, the progress bar does not span 50% of the width of the Gantt bar. his is because Project measures duration in working time but draws the Gantt bars to extend over nonworking time, which in this case includes hursday, January 19, the nonworking day. 3. In the chart portion (on the right) in the Gantt hart view, hold the mouse pointer over the progress bar in task 9 s Gantt bar. When the mouse pointer changes to a percent symbol and right arrow, a Progress creenip appears he Progress creenip informs you of the task s completion percentage and other tracking values. IP: You can also set percent complete by pointing to a Gantt bar (or progress bar within a Gantt bar). When the mouse pointer changes to a percent symbol and right arrow, drag the mouse pointer from left to right within the Gantt bar. 06/09

7 Entering Actual Values for asks A more detailed way to keep your schedule up to date is to record what actually happens for each task in your project You can record each task s actual start, finish, work, and duration values When you enter a task s actual start date, Project moves the scheduled start date to match the actual start date When you enter a task s actual finish date, Project moves the scheduled finish date to match the actual finish date and sets the task to 100% complete When you enter a task s actual work value, Project recalculates the task s remaining work value, if any When you enter a task s actual duration, if it is less than the scheduled duration, Project subtracts the actual duration from the scheduled duration to determine the remaining duration When you enter a task s actual duration, if it is equal to the scheduled duration, Project sets the task to 100% complete When you enter a task s actual duration, if it is longer than the scheduled duration, Project adjusts the scheduled duration to match the actual duration and sets the task to 100% complete Exercise: record actual work values for some tasks 1. On the View tab, in the Data group, click ables and then click Work 2. Drag the vertical divider bar to the right to expose the other columns in the Work table (task 9 is partially complete: actual work value of 8 hours, 50% complete) 07/09

8 You want to record that the task is now complete but required more actual work than expected. 3. In the Actual field for task 9, Prepare book P&L statement, type or select 24, and then press the Enter key Project marks the task as completed and extends the Gantt bar of the task to indicate its longer duration. 4. In the ask Name column, click task 10, Plan author s travel itinerary 5. On the ask tab, in the chedule group, click the down arrow to the right of the Mark on rack button, and then click Update asks 6. In the tart field in the Actual group on the left side of the dialog box, type or select In the Actual dur field, type or select 7d (task started one day before and took 7 days) 8. lick OK Next, you will record that task 11 started on time but took longer than planned to complete. 1. In the ask Name column, click task 11, hannel ales prep 2. On the ask tab, in the chedule group, click the down arrow to the right of the Mark on rack button, and then click Update asks 3. In the Actual dur field, type 7d, and then click OK Because you did not specify an actual start date, Project assumes that the task started as scheduled but actual finish date that is later. 4. lose file 08/09

9 Evaluating a project s status properly can be tricky For many tasks, it is very difficult to evaluate a completion percentage he elapsed portion of a task s duration is not always equal to the amount of work accomplished he resources assigned to a task might have different criteria for what constitutes the task s completion than the criteria determined by the project manager or the resources assigned to successor tasks Good project planning and communication can avoid or mitigate these and other problems that arise in project execution Key Points Before tracking actual work in a project plan, you should set a baseline. his provides you with a snapshot of your initial project plan for later comparison against actual progress and is one way to tell whether your project is on track. he ability to track actual work in a project plan is a major advantage that a project management tool such as Project has over a list-keeping tool such as Microsoft Excel. In Project, you can track actual work at a very broad or very detailed level. o evaluate a project s status properly after you begin tracking requires a combination of recording accurate data in Project and using your good judgment when interpreting the results. 09/09