Introduction. A cell can contain any of the following:

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1 Introduction A spreadsheet is a table consisting of Rows and Columns. Where a row and a column meet, the box is called a Cell. Each cell has an address consisting of the column name followed by the row name. In the image below, the highlighted cell is called B2. A cell can contain any of the following: Alphanumeric text - a cell label, a date etc A Numeric Value - a number, a currency value etc. A Formula - a calculation carried out on a range of cells with the result placed in the cell containing the formula Alphanumeric Text A Numeric Value A Formula

2 The Interface Excel 2007 is very different than any previous version. The Drop-Down menus and Toolbars are gone and are replaced by the Ribbon. Above the ribbon you will find the Tabs. These are the equivalent of the old Menu Bar. When a tab is chosen, Groups of commands associated with the tab are shown in the ribbon. The groups associated with the Home, Page Layout and Insert tabs are shown below. A Dialog Launcher is included with most groups. This is an Arrow at the bottom of the group and it is used to launch the dialog box associated with the group.

3 The Quick Access Toolbar (QAT) is the only toolbar in Excel This toolbar gives quick access to frequently used tools. It can be customised to display any group of commands by clicking More Commands in the drop down list and selecting the required commands.

4 The Office Button contains most of the old File Menu commands. Each of the commands shows the available options when clicked. Selecting cells Cells in Excel are selected for a number of reasons: Formatting - changing font size, colour, emphasis, typeface etc. Formula - selecting the range of cells to which a formula will apply Printing - selecting a range of cells to print To select cells in Excel: A Cell - click the cell A Row - click the row heading A Column - click the column heading Adjacent rows - drag down the row headings Adjacent columns - drag across the column headings Entire Worksheet - click the select all button A Range of Cells - Click the first cell and drag to the last cell Non Adjacent Ranges - select the first range as above. Hold down the Ctrl key while selecting the remaining ranges

5 Column Cell Cell Row Range Formulas Excel formulas are basically mathematical equations. Writing Excel formulas is done differently than formulas in maths. Excel formulas are carried out on cells and not on numbers as in maths. In excel a cell s location in the spreadsheet is referred to as its cell reference. In the example below, the contents of cell A1 and cell B1 are added (SUM) and as cellc1 is highlighted when the formula is entered, the result placed in cell C1. When you use cell references in Excel formulas, the formulas will automatically update when the data in the spreadsheet changes. For example, if you realize that the data in cell A1 should have been 50 instead of 20, you only need to change the contents of cell A1 and the spreadsheet recalculates automatically. This is the power of a spreadsheet.

6 In formulas, the following operators are used: Symbol Operation + Add - Subtract * Multiply / Divide The following functions are most commonly used: Function Sum Average Use Add Find average Formula Examples: The contents of cell B6 are multiplied by the contents of cell C6 and the answer is placed in cell D6 It would be very repetitive if this procedure was necessary to calculate each row individually, so excel has a replication feature. Simply click the bottom right-hand corner of the cell containing the formula and drag down to include the other rows required. The formula is replicated.

7 The contents of cells D6 to cell D10 inclusive (D6:D10) are added (SUM). The colon means from the first cell reference to the second cell reference. AutoSum is a feature that guesses the numbers you want to add and shown a formula in the answer cell. Simply select the cell you want the answer to appear in and click the AutoSum button. A marquee (marching ants) is drawn around AutoSum s guess. If the guess is correct, click the enter button. If it is wrong, click the cancel button. Cancel Enter

8 Charting Charting is used to graphically represent data. The trick is to keep it simple and use a number of charts to instead on a single chart with too much data on it. Select the data to chart Click the Insert tab Choose the Chart category in the Charts group Select the Chart type in the drop-down list The chart appears on the worksheet. The chart can be edited and the chart category or type changed. It can also be selected and copied and pasted to another application

9 Modifying Charts The Design tab: A chart can be moved by simply dragging it to another part of the worksheet. You can also click the Move Chart button in the Design tab to move a chart to another worksheet etc. The Type layout in the Design tab allows a change from a bar to a pie chart etc. The Data group allows you to switch which data should appear in the rows and which should be in the columns The Chart Layouts group and Chart Styles group allows the data to be represented in different styles within the same chart type The Layout tab controls the insertion of objects and the positioning and formatting of chart titles, exes etc. It also controls the display of chart gridlines.