Final Operational Toolkit

Transcription

1 Studying Distribution System Hydraulics and Flow Dynamics to Improve Water Utility Operational Decision Making Final Operational Toolkit Prepared for the National Institute for Hometown Security 368 N. Hwy 27 Somerset, KY February 3,

2 Acknowledgements: This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, administered by the National Institute for Hometown Security, under an Other Transactions Agreement, OTA #HSHQDC , Subcontract #02-10-UK. This research involved the following project partners: Name Address Contact Information L. Sebastian Bryson University of Kentucky Department of Civil Engineering, Lexington, KY Tel: Fax: Scott Yost Andrew N.S. Ernest Robert E. Reed James G. Uber Dominic Boccelli Doug Wood University of Kentucky Department of Civil Engineering, Lexington, KY The Environmental Institute Civil Engineering The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, AL University of Missouri Water Resources Research Center & Center for Sustainable Energy E2509 Laferre Hall Columbia, MO University of Cincinnati Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cincinnati, OH University of Cincinnati Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cincinnati, OH KYPIPE LLC 710Toms Creek Rd Cary, NC Tel: Fax: Tel: Fax: Tel: Fax: Tel: Fax: Tel: (513) Fax: (513) Tel: (859)

3 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction Background Operational Decision Support System Decision Support System Architecture Explicit Operational Guidance (WDST Website) Water Distribution Systems Toolkit Website Overview Hardware Content Software Content Hardware/Software Integration Content Implicit Operational Guidance (WDS Wizard) Downloading and Installing the Water Distribution Systems (WDS) Wizard Using the Water Wizard Summary

4 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has established 18 sectors of infrastructure and resource areas that comprise a network of critical physical, cyber, and human assets. The Water Sector Research and Development Working Group has stated that water utilities would benefit from a clearer and more consistent understanding of their system flow dynamics. Understanding flow dynamics is important to interpreting water quality measurements and to inform basic operational decision making of the water utility. Such capabilities are critical for utilities to be able to identify when a possible attack has occurred as well as knowing how to respond in the event of such an attack. This research sought to better understand the impact of water distribution system flow dynamics in addressing such issues. In particular, the project: (1) evaluated the efficacy and resiliency of the real-time hydraulic/water quality model using stored Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) data in order to understand the potential accuracy of such models and the relationship between observed water quality changes and network flow dynamics, and (2) developed a toolkit for use by water utilities to select the appropriate level of tools in support of their operational needs. 1.2 Operational Decision Support System The Water Distribution Systems Toolkit (WDST) has been developed to assist water utilities in designing a monitoring/control system for their water distribution system that will provide data for use in support of various system operations. Such data could include both general operational data as determined from either real time telemetry or off-line computer models, or on-line data (including data from both hydraulic and water quality sensors). Operational applications could include 1) energy management, 2) water quality management, 3) emergency response management, and 4) event detection. The operational support data, information, and tools that have been developed as part of this project have been arranged in an operational hierarchy that can be visualized in a ladder of components, in which each rung on the ladder will be dependent upon the previous rung. The three basic components or rungs included in the operational decision support system are illustrated in Figure 1.1. These include 1) Hardware: SCADA and sensors, 2) Software: Graphical Representation and Analysis 3) Hardware/Software Integration: Analytics and Modeling. 4

5 Hardware/Software Integration: Analytics and Modeling Software: Graphical Representation and Analysis Hardware: Sensors and SCADA Figure 1.1 Components of the WDST 1.3 Decision Support System Architecture The WDST can be accessed through: The WDST was developed to allow the user to access the different operational components through two different paths: 1) an explicit decisional response path which uses a conventional website to allow the user to search for information based on their own needs and preferences, or 2) an implicit evolving decisional response path which uses an expert system inference engine to guide the user through the research content in response to the answers to preference questions that are posed by the expert system (see Figure 1.2). The explicit response path is supported through a conventional website that can be accessed through the Operational Guidance link on the WDST website. The implicit response path is supported through a stand-alone Water Distribution System (WDS) Wizard that can either be run on the web or on an Android cell phone. The WDS Wizard can be accessed through the Operational Wizard link on the WDST website. In addition to providing links to the Operational Guidance and the Operation Wizard, the WDST also provides links to other related websites. 5

6 Water Distribution System Operational Toolkit: User Question Model Results Data & Facts Model Results Explicit Decisional Response: Predetermined Decision Tree Implicit Decisional Response: Traditional Expert System Responses/Recommendations Fact Sheets Reports WebLinks Figure 1.2 WDSOT Architecture Explicit Operational Guidance: ( i.e. Operational Guidance) Operational_Guidance.html Implicit Operational Guidance: (i.e. Operational Wizard) 6

7 2.0 Explicit Operational Guidance (WDST Website) 2.1 Water Distribution Systems Toolkit Website Overview The home page of the WDST Website is shown below in Figure 2.1. The user can navigate the pages of the website using the live links in the blue ribbon at the top of the page. The WDST website content is organized as shown in Figure

8 Figure 2.1 Water Distribution Systems Toolkit Home Page 8

9 Home Page: Project background and overview. Operational Guidance Helpful Links Operational Wizard Hardware Issues Software Issues: Hardware/Software Integration Issues Graphical Flow Model Figure 2.2 WDST Website Content Organization The content on the home page provides a brief description of the project. From the home page, the user may navigate to one of three branches. These branches are Operational Guidance," Operational Wizard, and Helpful Links. The helpful links include links to the Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, the National Institute of Homeland Security, the EPA Homeland Security Water Research Center, the DHS Water and Wastewater Sector, the Water Research Foundation, the American Water Works Association, the Environmental and Water Resources Institute, and a link to KYPIPE. The Operational Guidance (see Figure 2.3) and Operational Wizard provide two different ways to access the same content. The content is organized into three different sections: 1) hardware, 2) software, and 3) hardware/software integration. Each of these sections is summarized below: 9

10 Figure 2.3 Sections of the Operational Guidance Branch 10

11 2.1.1 Hardware Content The hardware content includes information about the different components of a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) System. An outline of the topics included in this material is provided in Table 2.1 below. This information can be accessed online via the Operational Guidance part of the WDST website (see Figure 2.4) or offline by installing and running the Operational Wizard on your own computer or mobile device. Instructions for downloading and installing the Operational Wizard are provided in Section 3.1 An illustration of the online screens associated with a typical query of the Operational Wizard (in this case for retrieving information about SCADA) is provided in Section 3.2. Note, this illustration is for one of many of the possible pathways that could be chosen and is provided as an example. Similar queries can be pursued by the user through the Operational Wizard for other types of content (e.g. software content, hardware/software integration content), however due to the extensive number of distinct informational pathways that could be pursued, only the SCADA example has been provided as an illustrative example. A. Potential SCADA Uses B. SCADA Functions Table 2.1 Outline of the Hardware Content 1. Data Acquisition (Collection) 2. Data Communications (Monitoring) 3. Data Presentation 4. Equipment Control C. SCADA Utility Survey 1. SCADA Survey Report 2. SCADA Questions 3. SCADA Results D. SCADA Components 1. Sensors and Controllers a. Sensor Equipment b. Hydraulic Sensors c. Water Quality Sensors 11

12 d. Control Equipment 2. SCADA Interface Units a. Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) b. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) c. Intelligent End Device (IED) 3. Communications Network 4. SCADA Master E. Supervisory Control Schemes 1. Hierarchical Control 2. Distributed Control 3. Advantages and Disadvantages F. SCADA Sensor Location G. SCADA Sensor Placement Decision-Making Sequence H. SCADA CWS Sensor Placement Optimization Program Inputs I. SCADA Sensor Placement Guidance 1. Simple Procedure 2. Advanced Procedure J. SCADA Sensor Placement Software 1. TEVA-SPOT 2. KYPIPE K. SCADA System Implementation Process 1. Design-Bid-Build Method 2. Engineer-Furnish-Install Method 12

13 Figure 2.4(a) Hardware Content From Operational Guidance Webpage 13

14 Figure 2.4(b) Hardware Content From Operational Guidance Webpage 14

15 Figure 2.4(c) Hardware Content From Operational Guidance Webpage 15

16 Figure 2.4(d) Hardware Content From Operational Guidance Webpage 16

17 Figure 2.4(e) Hardware Content From Operational Guidance Webpage 17

18 2.1.2 Software Content The software content includes information on how to represent a water distribution network graphically and how to predict flows and pressures in the system in response to a given set of operating conditions using modeling software like EPANET or KYPIPE. It also includes general information on data collection and model calibration. An outline of the topics included in this material is provided in Table 2.1 below. This information can be accessed online via the Operational Guidance part of the WDST website (see Figure 2.5) or offline by installing and running the Operational Wizard on your own computer or mobile device. A special Graphical Flow Model (GFM) was developed which can represent a network graphically and also provide steady state flow analysis. This model along with an accompanying user manual is available for download for free at: Table 2.2 Outline of the Software Content A. Spatial Visualization of Network Models 1. Graphical Flow Model (GFM) Overview 2. Data Sources 3. Downloading and Using the GFM 4. Downloading and Using the Network Decontamination Model B. Off Line Models 1. Network Computer Model Concept 2. Network Component Conceptualization 3. Demand Load Distribution 4. Network Analysis 5. Model Development 6. Model Calibration 7. Model Calibration Literature 8. Laboratory Model Calibration Case Study 9. Actual System Calibration Case Studies 10. Model Applications: 18

19 a. Planning b. Engineering Design c. System Operations d. Water Quality Improvement e. Real Time Operations 11. Model Selection a. EPANET b. KYPIPE 19

20 Figure 2.5(a) Software Content From Operational Guidance Webpage 20

21 Figure 2.5(b) Software Content From Operational Guidance Webpage 21

22 Figure 2.5(c) Software Content From Operational Guidance Webpage 22

23 Figure 2.5(d) Software Content From Operational Guidance Webpage 23

24 Figure 2.5(e) Software Content From Operational Guidance Webpage 24

25 Figure 2.5(f) Software Content From Operational Guidance Webpage 25

26 Figure 2.5(g) Software Content From Operational Guidance Webpage 26

27 Figure 2.5(h) Software Content From Operational Guidance Webpage 27

28 2.1.3 Hardware/Software Integration Content The hardware/software content includes information on how to apply hydraulic and water quality network models in a real time environment. As a result, the material also includes information on how to integrate SCADA data with a computer model and how to calibrate the model against the real time data stream. An outline of the topics included in this material is provided in Table 2.3. This information can be accessed online via the Operational Guidance part of the WDST website (see Figure 2.6) or offline by installing and running the Operational Wizard on your own computer or mobile device. Table 2.3. Outline of Hardware/Software Integration A. On Line Computer Models 1. Overview 2. Real Time Operating Environment 3. Archived Simulation 4. Real Time Forecasting 5. Real Time Control B. Model/SCADA Integration and Calibration 1. Implementation Strategies and Barriers to Real Time Modeling 2. General Guidance and Steps for Implementation C. Potential Applications of Real Time Simulation 1. Event Detection 2. Real Time Control D. Actual Applications of Real Time Simulation 1. Real Time Network Hydraulic Modeling a. Data Transformation b. Model Calibration c. Simulation Accuracy 2. Accuracy of Real Time Network Water Quality Models 28

29 Figure 2.6(a) Hardware/Software Integration From Operational Guidance Webpage 29

30 Figure 2.6(b) Hardware/Software Integration From Operational Guidance Webpage 30

31 Figure 2.6(c) Hardware/Software Integration From Operational Guidance Webpage 31

32 Figure 2.6(d) Hardware/Software Integration From Operational Guidance Webpage 32

33 Figure 2.6(e) Hardware/Software Integration From Operational Guidance Webpage 33

34 Figure 2.6(f) Hardware/Software Integration From Operational Guidance Webpage 34

35 Figure 2.6(g) Hardware/Software Integration From Operational Guidance Webpage 35

36 3.0 Implicit Operational Guidance (WDS Wizard) 3.1 Downloading and Installing the Water Distribution Systems (WDS) Wizard Go to the WDST Website at From the home page click Operational Wizard in the blue ribbon menu at the top of the page as shown in Figure 3.1 below. Click Operational Wizard Figure 3.1 Water Distribution Systems Toolkit Website Home Page 36

37 The Operational Wizard page provides some overview information about the WDS Wizard and a link to access the main Water Wizard website where the WDS Wizard may be downloaded. Click the link at the bottom of the page as shown in Figure 3.2. The Water Wizard website is a separate website that contains three expert system wizards related to water: Water Distribution Systems Operation (a.k.a. WDS Wizard), Decontamination of Water Distribution Systems, and Economic Consequences of Disruption in Water Services. The instructions provided here pertain only to the WDS Wizard. On the Water Wizard Website, click Wizards on the blue ribbon menu at the top of the page as shown in Figure 3.3, then click on Water Distribution Systems Operation in the dropdown menu as shown in Figure 3.4, and then click the link for downloading the WDS Wizard onto a Windows system as shown in Figure 3.5. Click HERE Figure 3.2 Operational Wizard/Toolkit Page on the WDST Website 37

38 Click Wizards Figure 3.3 The water-wizard.org Homepage Click Water Distribution Systems Operation Figure 3.4 Water Wizard Wizards Dropdown Menu 38

39 Click Windows Figure 3.5 WDS Wizard Download Link on the Water Wizard Website Upon clicking the Windows download link on the Water Wizard website, a download progress icon should appear in the bottom left corner of your screen, however, the download status and progress feedback may depend on your own computer/browser settings or system. See Figure 3.6 below for one way the download process may be indicated. Figure 3.6 Download Progress Indication Once the download process has been completed, the download indication will display simply the name of the EXE file in the download status box. Click the download box as shown in Figure 3.7 below. 39

40 Click the file download box. Figure 3.7 Completed Download Ready for Run Upon clicking the EXE file name in the download box, a security message will prompt you to run the file. Click Run as shown in Figure 3.8 below. Click Run. Figure 3.8 Run the EXE File. After running the EXE file, the main start up page of the WDS Wizard will appear, but also the Windows Command Prompt Box could appear as well as shown in Figure 3.9. Minimize the Command Prompt Box if it appears, but do not close it because closing it will cause the WDS Wizard to close as well. 40

41 Minimize the DOS prompt box if desired, but don t close it or the Wizard will close too. Figure 3.9 Initial Installation of WDS Wizard You have now installed the WDS Wizard and may begin using this expert system. 41

42 3.2 Using the Water Wizard The main start page of the Water Distribution System Wizard is shown in Figure To begin the Wizard, choose the category that best fits the system query or issue: SCADA, Spatial Visualization, Off-Line Models, or On-Line Models. Select a category by clicking the category labeled buttons. To exit the Wizard choose End Run or click the red x at the top right corner of the window to close it. Figure 3.10 The Water Distribution System Wizard Main Page After choosing a category, the Wizard will further refine the query or issue with questions. Then the Wizard will provide information and recommendations when appropriate based on user input. When the Wizard receives user input it may provide information based upon input received to that point as well as continue to refine the query or system issue pertinent to the user. As an example, if the user selects the SCADA information option as shown in Figure 3.10 (which is done by simply clicking on that button), the following information will be provided (e.g. see Figure 3.11). 42

43 Figure 3.11 Wizard Information Feedback and Issue Refinement Questions in a Query Chain At this point, the user can continue down their own user defined informational query path by clicking on the box associated with the next desired informational category. 43

44 When a chain of user inputs defines all the information and recommendations to be provided by the Wizard, the user will reach an end point in the process. As an example, the final screen that appears at the end of the "Online Model" query path is shown in Figure 3.12 below. Figure 3.12 End of Input-Output Chain 3.3. Example of a Possible Water Wizard Session Several possible informational query paths can be generated when interacting with the Water Wizard. In order to illustrate the process for a typical query, the query path (and associated screen views) for a query on SCADA information is provided below. The query begins on the home screen of the Water Wizard. 44

45 * Figure 3.13 Screen View of Water Wizard Home Page In this example, we will illustrate a query on SCADA information. The user would begin by using their computer mouse (or finger if using a cell phone or mobile device) to click on the SCADA information box. This action will result in the appearance of Figure For this example the user should now select the Monitoring button. This action will result in the appearance of Figure Now click on the System Cost button. This will result in Figure Clicking on the OK button, will result in Figure If one selects the "Choose Data Communication (Monitoring)" button, then Figure 3.18 will appear. If one now selects "Telephone Line", the Water Wizard will provide a series of screens that provide general content about the use of telephone lines for use in SCADA communication systems (see Figures ). To advance to the next screen, the user simply clicks on the "OK" button at the bottom of each screen. 45

46 Figure 3.14 SCADA Information Menu Figure 3.15 SCADA Monitoring Menu 46

47 Figure 3.16 SCADA Minimizing Cost Menu Figure 3.17 SCADA Functions Menu 47

48 Figure 3.18 SCADA Data Communication Menu Figure 3.19 SCADA Telephone Line Content Menu 1 48

49 Figure 3.20 SCADA Telephone Line Content Menu 2 Figure 3.21 SCADA Telephone Line Content Menu 3 49

50 Figure 3.22 SCADA Telephone Line Content Menu 4 Figure 3.23 SCADA Telephone Line Content Menu 5 50

51 Figure 3.24 SCADA Telephone Line Content Menu 6 Figure 3.25 SCADA Telephone Line Content Menu 7 51

52 Figure 3.26 SCADA Telephone Line Content Menu 8 52

53 4.0 Summary The Water Distribution Systems Toolkit (WDST) has been developed to assist water utilities in designing a monitoring/control system for their water distribution system that will provide data for use in support of various system operations. The WDST may be accessed through and provides two paths for accessing the associated content and tools: 1) through an operational guidance website: or through the an operational expert system (i.e. Water Wizard) During the development, the toolkit was tested by the three project utility partners (see Table 4.1) and their feedback was used in making revisions to the final toolkit. The final draft version of the toolkit was then tested during a utility workshop that was held on August 20, 2014 at the University of Kentucky. A list of the workshop participants is provided in Table 4.2. The overall consensus of the participants was that the toolkit was very useful. At least 70% of the participant indicated they would likely use the toolkit in support of their operations. Further promotion and demonstration of the toolkit is planned for the 2015 KY/TN AWWA Conference to be held in Covington, KY during July 26-29, The Operational Toolkit and Operational Guidance website will continue to be maintained by the Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute while the Water Wizard will be maintained and marketed by Open Environment, LLC. As a result of the feedback received from the participating utilities, KWRRI has initiated a utility partnership program to help small utilities develop and implement computer models of their water distribution systems. KWRRI is also continuing to partner with KYPIPE, LLC in looking for additional ways to leverage the research results from this project to the greater modeling community. Table 4.1 Utility Partner Workshops Utility Name Date of Utility Workshop Northern Kentucky Water District 5/07/2014 Paris Water Utility 6/12/2014 Nicholasville Water Utility 6/25/2014 Table 4.2 Summary of Workshop Participants Utility Name Number of Customers Average Day Demand (MG) Bath County Water District 3, Bardstown Municipal Water Department 11, Laurel Water District #2 5, Leitchfield Utilities 2, Morehead Utility Plant Board 3, Morehead State University 6, Kentucky-American Water Co. 104, Carrollton Utilities 1,