Learning Resource Metadata on the Web. Phil Barker & Lorna Campbell

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1 Learning Resource Metadata on the Web Phil Barker & Lorna Campbell

2 Lorna M Cetis / EDINA Phil Research Fellow Heriot-Watt University

3 LRMI PREHISTORY & PRECURSORS

5 Standard for Learning Object Metadata

Developments.Technology, Instruction, Cognition and Learning, 7(3-4), 225 243.

6 Barker, P., & Campbell, L. M. (2010). Metadata for Learning Materials: An Overview of Existing Standards and Current Developments.Technology, Instruction, Cognition and Learning, 7(3-4), Retrieved from Dublin Core Education Application Profile task group, fl

7 Open Educational Resources UKOER: 3 year, 15M programme to release HE resources under Creative Commons licences. ( ). Funding for institutional, individual and subject-based consortia projects. 66 projects, >10,000 OERs. Cetis provided strategic technical advice and support to funders and projects.

8 UKOER guidelines Use openly accessible systems to disseminate resources: Flickr, YouTube, Vimeo, SlideShare,... AND Jorum UK HE repository Minimal metadata requirements Title, Author, Subject, Date, Licence... Facilitate aggregation of resource information, e.g. via RSS / ATOM feeds. Make sure resource has a good textual description and is findable on Google.

9 Author J. Cetis? Screen shot from Google Scholar. NB, J CETIS = JISC CETIS, the author s affiliation

10 Schema.org a joint effort, in the spirit of sitemaps.org, to improve the web by creating a structured data markup schema supported by major search engines. Schema.org FAQ,

11 What the human sees

12 What the computer sees <h1>cetis publications</h1> <h2>learning Resource Metadata Initiative: using schema.org to describe open educational resources</h2> <p>by Phil Barker, Cetis, School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University <br /> Lorna M Campbell, Cetis, Institute for Educational Cybernetics, University of Bolton. April 2014</p>

13 What the computer needs

14 What schema.org provides An agreed hierarchy of entity types. An agreed vocabulary for naming the characteristics of resources and the relationships between them. Which can be added to HTML (as microdata, RDFa or JSON-LD) to help computers understand what the strings or text mean.

15 What schema.org looks like <div itemscope itemtype=" <h2 itemprop="name">learning Resource Metadata Initiative: using schema.org to describe open educational resources</h2> <p itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype=" <span itemprop="name">phil Barker</span>, <span itemprop="affiliation">cetis, School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University</span></p> <p itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype=" <span itemprop="name">lorna M Campbell</span>, <span itemprop="affiliation">cetis, Institute for Educational Cybernetics, University of Bolton</span></p> </div>

16 LEARNING RESOURCE METADATA INITIATIVE What on earth could justify another attempt at educational metadata?

17 Motivation Promote the sharing of educational resources by helping people find content that meets their specific needs. Recognising that people will try to find web resources through Google.

18 Motivation Meet Pam, let s say she wants to teach a lesson about the Declaration of Arbroath (1320) Photo by Vgrigas Tyninghame copy of the Declaration of Arbroath By various Scottish barons

19 Motivation She might search Google: Photo by Vgrigas

20 Motivation Photo by Vgrigas There are many educational parameters Pam might use to narrow the search results to those which are more appropriate, but Google doesn t support them. She is forced into a fragmented world of specialist search services based on (often siloed) metadata.

24 LRMI: Learning Resource Metadata Initiative Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Co-led by Creative Commons and AEP (prek-12 learning group division of the Association of American Publishers) Working group including educators, publishers, metadata specialists Aim: make it easier to publish, discover, and deliver quality educational resources on the web

25 LRMI schema.org didn t have a way of naming the educational parameters that could have helped Pam narrow her search, so LRMI added them. Educational alignment (more later) Educational use Interactivity type Is based on url Learning resource type Time required Typical age range Use rights URL Educational role (of target audience)

26 Educational alignment An alignment to an established educational framework, e.g. Shared curriculum or syllabus Shared framework of competency requirements Set of educational levels Modules making up a program of study Allows encoding of statements like this resource teaches X this resource assess X this resource requires knowledge of Y this resource has reading level N this resource is used in module F29DO

27 Educational alignment An alignment to an established educational framework

28 Educational alignment <div vocab=" typeof="webpage"> <h1 property="name">the Declaration of Arbroath</h1> <p>a <span property="learningresourcetype">lesson plan </span></p>... <li>scotland <span rel="educationalalignment" typeof=" <meta property="alignmenttype" content="educationallevel" /> <span property="educationalframework">scqf</span>: <span property="targetname">level 2</span> <link property="targeturl" href=" </span> </li>...

29 LRMI schema.org didn t have a way of naming the educational parameters that could have helped Pam narrow her search, so LRMI added them. Educational alignment (more later) Educational use Interactivity type Is based on url Learning resource type Time required Typical age range Use rights URL license Educational role (of target audience) *license added later

30 CURRENT STATE OF LRMI & FUTURE PLANS

31 Implementations Initial implementation by: Connexions Curriki Gooru learning ISME Jorum Merlot Peer2Peer Uni Open Tapestry Learning Registry Awesome stories BBC Bytesize Brain POP Digital Chalkboard (e.g.) CTE Online Learn by cam Learnzillion MIT OCW Nova Southeastern Uni OER Commons Open University, OpenLearn

32 Use reported by schema.org Number of domains using each LRMI property / type: Educational alignment / Alignment Object Learning resource type Educational use Interactivity type Is based on url 1k-10k Time required Typical age range 10-50,000 License 1k-10k Educational role

33 Implementations Points to note: they exist, but it would be good if there were more not every implementation exposes LRMI metadata, some use it internally. definitely see weak semantics not used by main google products

34 Google custom search engine

35 Google custom search

36 Creating LRMI Tools for creating/managing LRMI metadata Tools that create/manage schema.org also work for LRMI Probably want integration with CMS Quite easy to implement simple schema.org as WordPress plugin / theme Some tagging tools exist that are linked to discovery services ISLE, Learning Registry Would like to see more.

37 LRMI Status Gates funding is over, so now what? LRMI is now a Task Group with the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative. LRMI terms are a community specification of DCMI. (aligned with schema.org terms)

38 What next? Recommended value vocabularies Examples for schema.org website Extending LRMI: Courses? Events? Use beyond schema.org scenario in-company use stand-alone JSON-LD etextbooks Linked data representation of educational frameworks (alignment)

39 Questions? Does this help with the endeavour to expose lightweight linked data? can you get the data out of web pages? How do we encourage linked data representation of educational frameworks? How much goes into schema.org (or similar) or should we just reuse existing ontologies? Can you cope with the the quality of data that can be provided at web-scale?

Licence This presentation LRMI: Learning resource metadata on the web by Phil Barker <phil.barker@hw.ac.uk>, Heriot-Watt University and Lorna M Campbell <lorna.m.campbell@icloud.

40 Licence This presentation LRMI: Learning resource metadata on the web by Phil Barker Heriot-Watt University and Lorna M Campbell <lorna.m.campbell@icloud.com>, of Cetis is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence

In Search of Reusable Educational Resources in the Web

3rd International Conference on Higher Education Advances, HEAd 17 Universitat Politècnica de València, València, 2017 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.5186 In Search of Reusable Educational