Laboratory Topic 3: Creating Charts and a Layout in ArcGIS Creating a Map for Plotting [ LAEP/GEOG c188 ]

Transcription

1 Laboratory Topic 3: Creating Charts and a Layout in ArcGIS Creating a Map for Plotting [ LAEP/GEOG c188 ] Mapping in ArcGIS Reference: This laboratory uses much of the documentation and concepts for making maps developed by S.L. Radke in her draft of Getting to Know ArcMap What is a Good Map? If cartography is a form of communication, the measure of a good map is how well it conveys information to its readers to enlighten, convince, or persuade. Too often the pure aesthetic appeal of a map is equated with its communicational value. Aesthetic issues certainly play a role in effective cartography, but it is the issue of communication that holds the central role in cartographic design. To ask "what is a good map?" is to ask how well it communicates with its audience. This means that one always begins a project by considering the message to be conveyed and the audience to be addressed. A good map should inform, reveal, clarify, and convince. The elements for accomplishing these purposes include carefully prepared and symbolized data, a legend to explain the symbols, a descriptive title, projection information, authorship information, and a source statement. A north arrow and scale bar often help to orient the map reader. Making a map that s accurate, informative, and nice to look at usually takes time. ArcMap comes with a full range of map layout tools that enable the use of templates to prepare quick map layouts on short notice, or detailed specialized maps that can be saved as custom templates. In a prepared template, the map elements you need (data frames, legend, title, north arrow, background color, and so on) are already in place. All you do is add data and the map is ready to print.

2 Before you start creating your own maps its good to get an idea of different map design styles. Get some inspiration while browsing the UCB Library Collections in Maps and Cartography or other digital map libraries on the web. An interesting set of maps generated through using ArcMap can be found at Some other sites where cartographic examples can be found are: Here are some example maps:

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4 Some basic elements found on a map Note: ArcMap comes with a full range of map layout tools that enable the use of templates to prepare quick map layouts on short notice, or detailed specialized maps that can be saved as custom templates. This is the LandscapeClassic template. In a prepared template, the map elements you need (data frames, legend, title, north arrow, background color, and so on) are already in place. All you do is add data and the map is ready to print. This WorldRobinson template has countries, cities, rivers, and lakes in a Robinson projection.

5 The purpose of this laboratory is to generate charts, layouts, plots (that could be output as hardcopy) by using ArcMap You will learn how to display and to manipulate map elements on graphic screens as well as to create graphic files ready for highquality hard copy output. The final objective is to create a digital map that could be plotted on a plotter. We will save the actual plotting of a paper map for a future Map Contest that will be assigned after you have had more experience in gathering data and building maps. For this laboratory you can download City of Berkeley data and unzip it to your folder on the C:\temp In this lab the data is stored in a Geo-DataBase, and not a series of Shapefiles. Here the various layers are called feature classes and appear in ArcMap to look exactly like point, line and polygon shapefiles, and raster grids. Here I unzip the data in a folder called C:\Temp\c188\lab3 in my TEMP directory.

6 Some simple Meta Data about the Berkeley GeoDataBase Berkeley.gdb.zip

7 Navigating the Layout View There are 2 modes to ArcMap: The Data View and the Layout View. ArcMap defaults to the Data View. But for creating maps, we will use the Layout View. You access this in the bottom left corner of the map view:

8 The Layout View is set up more like a page layout software program, and allows you to make changes to the page to display the map... click on the Layout tool and by default, every ArcMap document uses a template called the normal template. When you open a new document and switch to layout view, the layout page (also called the virtual page) is blank and has a single data frame. This is the appearance prescribed by the normal template. When you click the Layout View, it automatically displays any layers that you have turned on. In the example above I have nothing loaded, let alone turned on.

9 In the course of making a map, you may add data to this data frame, resize it, insert more data frames, and add such elements as legends and scale bars. When you save the map, you save it not as a template but as a map document, or.mxd file. That way, the template does not change. Then, when you create a new ArcMap document, you start again with a blank page. Load the feature classes: censusblk, B_park_sp83 and toxic_sites provided in the downloaded data set.

10 Invoking the Layout View will automatically drop the existing map into the normal template. This should automatically launch the Layout toolbar if it is not already present. You can also launch it through the menu along with all the other toolbars. You can open a custom template (that is, a template other than the normal template). Any changes you make are saved as a map document, so the template is not affected. To select other templates you can click on Change Layout which launches a Select Template window. If you select the WorldRobinson.mxt your data in the layout changes to that saved template.

11 If you select the ConterminousUSA.mxt your data in the layout changes to that saved template. Click the Traditional Layouts tab in the Select Template window. Then Click the LandscapeClassic.mxt template. This template is appropriate for this map because it is in landscape format, which is the geographic orientation of the contiguous 48 states.

12 The Layout toolbar and the Tools toolbar look the same but are very different and have different functionality Drag a box around the scale bar to zoom in to it to get a closer look at it. The scale bar updates to the current display units of the data layer. If you change the display units of the active data frame, or switch to another data frame in the map document, the scale bar will update dynamically. Notice that there is a text box below the scale bar. You can use this box to enter additional information about the map. Use the Select Element button on the Tools toolbar and Double-click the text box below the scale bar. Enter your name and today s data in the box to identify the author of the map.

13 Click the Zoom Whole Page tool on the Layout toolbar. Use the Select Element button on the Tools toolbar and Double-click the title box to the left of the map and enter Berkeley Census Block Population into the text box. Click OK. Reposition the title to center it in the title bar.

14 Go to the Data View and map the Attribute POP_DENS into 7 classes. Go to the Layout View and view the Attribute POP_DENS

15 Create a legend for your current map layer. Insert! Legend. Select only one Legend Item. Use the to remove other Legend Items. When you click Next, the map legend is automatically placed on the map layout. Add a Legend Title Population Density

16 Modify the Legend Frame Poplation Density Since in this instance the map legend contains 7 intervals of data, it is too long to fit into that space on the map. Use the Select Elements tool to click on the legend and drag it to the lower right corner of the map layout.

17 If it is too big for this space the map elements can be adjusted to fit the legend into this position. Click the Pan tool on the Layout toolbar and use it to shift the map of Berkeley slightly in the layout. This will free up space for the legend to fit into the map layout. Note the it. Pan tool on the Tools toolbar is different and does not have a page under Note there is default text added to the Legend that come from the Table of Contents. You can delete these text from the Table of Contents and they will be deleted from the Layout View. Here I delete POP_DENS. Your map poster is now complete! It contains a map, legend, scale bar, north arrow, author information and title, and all you needed to do was enter some text and shift a few elements around the map layout. It can now be printed on your desktop printer or map plotter, or exported for digital presentation in a report or web application.

18 Save your work by selecting File! Save As. Save your new map document (.mxd ) so the map layout will be saved with all the current formats and text. Here I called my new map document Lab3_Map1.mxd ArcMap also allows you to export maps in various file formats, so you can work on them in other programs such as Adobe Illustrator, InDesign, or Photoshop. To access the export map feature, click on File! Export Map.

19 This brings up a menu: Here you can select from a wide range of File types: [pdf, ai (adobe illustrator files), eps (encapsulated postscript), jpeg, etc. pdf, ai, and eps save the map as a vector document, thereby preserving the resolution of the lines at any scale. Saved as a jpeg, however, the map will lose some of its crispness when you zoom in. The file type you choose will depend on your use of the map. Save as a.pdf

20 Displayed as a.pdf Zoomed in it is of high quality.

21 Not all maps fit easily into a predesigned map template. ArcMap enables you to create map layouts from scratch where you have the freedom to add map features and graphics to the layout in any manner you choose. Adding data frames to the map to prepare it for presentation is assisted by layout tools, such as guide lines that make use of a snapping environment to secure the layout of objects on the page. The censusblk layer contains vastly more information than just population density. Now we shall learn how to create multiple maps that display different information about the same layer. To do this, we will use Data Frames. Recall from previous laboratories that we used data frames to organize and separate different data layers. We will use the same approach here. Create a new ArcMap document and insert several Data Frames: (Right Click on a Data Frame and select "Activate" to make it the active data frame into which you can add a data layer.)

22 Add the censusblk layer to each data frame, and then change the symbology to show different information in each data frame. You should attempt to show information that might be appropriate to locating a new park in Berkeley. Your Table of Contents should eventually look something like this: Here we include our original map of population density, and: -a map of under 18 years old population -a map of single parent households -a map of over 65 years old population

23 Now, when these are all viewed on the same page, one can begin to gain an understanding of the spatial relationships between different population groups in Berkeley and can help in decision making. Click on the Layout View and you will see all the maps stacked on top of each other. Our goal is to create a well designed map that clearly displays the information in the 4 different Frames. Change the page size to make it a 30x22 landscape page.

24 In the layout view the maps are stacked on top of each other. Remember to use the Select Elements tool to move the different maps around and to resize them. You can resize the objects by dragging the corners of their surrounding boxes. To make sure we maintain consistency in the display of the 4 maps, we want to ensure they are the same size. You could attempt to resize them all by dragging the corners, or you can simply right click each Data Frame and choose Properties -- then navigate to the Size and Position tab. Type in 9.5 inches for width and 7.0 inches for height. Now all the maps should be the same size:

25 Our next step is to align them properly. To do this, we will use guides. To create a guide simply click in the ruler bar on the sides of the layout view. As you move the guide, ArcMap will display the location in tenths of inches. To start, create edge guides at 7.0 and 28.0 inches from the left hand edge and 3.0 and 20.0 from the bottom edge. Next create guides at the halfway marks in the horizontal (17.5 in from left) and vertical (11.5 in from bottom) direction, and use these to align the 4 maps.

26 When completed, you should have a well laid out page that shows 4 maps with different demographic information that could be used to make decisions, such as locating a new park in the City of Berkeley. Switch to data view Right Click on a layer (in this instance ) and select the Properties Tab Properties! Symbology and modify the number of decimal places used in the fields for each feature class in each of the 4 data frames.

27 Left click on the field. Reduce the number of decimal places used in rounding to 0.

28 In the Layers Property wizard I can also remove the outlines of the symbols on each of the census block polygons by clicking on Symbol and selecting Properties for all Symbols and selecting the Outline Color box and selecting No Color.

29 I perform this operation on all my Data Frames. In addition, I go to all my Data Frames and change the Color Ramp to distinguish the different Data Frame maps in the following illustrations.

30 Switch to Layout View and place the data frames in their final position on the map poster. Use the guides (cyan lines ) originating from the arrows on the layout rulers. They help you align and position elements but do not themselves appear on the printed map. Using the Select Element button lines at 7.0 and 20.0 inches. on the Tools toolbar, click the POP_DENS data frame and drag it so it snaps to the guide Click and drag the remaining data frames to their respective guide lines. I also click on the Title block and edit it to better reflect the data now being mapped. I am mapping more than just Berkeley Census Block Population.

31 The four maps are now positioned to exact specifications in the layout. The map poster, however, is far from complete. There is no information that describes or documents the attributes of the 4 layers. You need to add additional map elements to the poster to communicate information about each resource, as well as the scale, orientation, titles, and source of the data.

32 Other map elements, such as the legend, north arrow, scale bar, and additional graphics, such as text boxes, photographs, tables and charts, can be added to a map layout to describe and enhance the display of the data. Legends, north arrows, and scale bars, are associated with the data frame that is active when they are inserted. A legend is updated when layers in its data frame are deleted or re-symbolized. A scale bar changes when the display scale of its data frame changes. Although these elements can be moved anywhere on a map layout, it is usually best to keep them within the data frame they belong to. Click the POP_DENS data frame to activate it. Use to pan and zoom on the Layout sheet. Use the on the Tool bar menu to zoom and pan the map within each data frame window on the sheet in the layout view. Use the Select Element to select objects. Here I have better positioned the map in the data frame window in the Layout View.

33 Activate the remaining data frames one at a time and insert legends for each of them. Position the legends similarly to that in the first data frame.

34 Refer to the scale box on the Standard toolbar to confirm that all of the data frames have the same scale. You can type in a scale in the scale box and it will change the scale to what you have typed in.

35 Resize and drag a scale bar into each data frame. Adjusting scale bars A scale bar changes as you zoom in or out on its data frame. If the scale bar is adjusted by division value, the distance represented by a scale bar division is variable. As you zoom in, it represents less distance; as you zoom out, it represents more. If the scale bar is adjusted by the number of divisions, the distance represented by a division stays the same, but there are fewer divisions as you zoom in and more as you zoom out. If the scale bar is adjusted by width, the distance represented by a division and the number of divisions stays the same, but the entire scale bar grows wider as you zoom in and narrower as you zoom out. (If a scale bar is adjusted by width, you cannot widen it by dragging; its width changes only with the display scale.)

36 Each of your maps now has a legend to describe the data depicted and a scale. Since all the maps are the same projection and datum, one orientation could be applied for all for data frames. We can insert a north arrow to depict orientation. Click the Insert menu and click North Arrow. Choose a north arrow style and click OK. Orient it on your map sheet

37 As part of the title, we can insert a picture or a picture of a logo. Click the Insert menu and click Picture. I can select the title box, right click and select its properties, then change parameters like its color.

38 The map poster now contains almost all of the information it needs for presentation. However, we could still include additional information about the source, projection and authorship of the maps. Click the Insert menu and click Text.

39 Click outside the small text box that appears at the center of the map layout. Right click on it and select and modify its Properties. Select and modify the font size.

40 To save your work, click the File menu and click Save As. (I save mine as Lab3_Map2.mxd).

41 ArcMap enables a map to be formatted for a wide variety of print options, including report-sized layout, to large format poster size plotter output. Additionally, you can export your map as a digital file in graphic or GeoPDF format for electronic distribution Load the Lab3_Map2.mxd map document that you just created. Click the File menu and click Page and Print Setup.

42 The map is in landscape orientation on the screen, but notice from the graphic in the Page and Print Setup dialog box that the paper may not be in landscape. If it is not change your paper orientation. In the Paper frame of the Page and Print Setup dialog box, click the Landscape option. If necessary, click the Name drop-down arrow and click the printer you want to use. Accept the default paper size (Letter). Make sure that your dialog box matches the following graphic (except for the printer name). Click OK You are now ready to send your map poster to the printer. Click the File menu and click Print. Confirm that your settings are correct and click OK. Your letter-sized map poster is sent to the printer. If you have a plotter for printing large sized poster maps, you can set ArcMap to scale the same layout to these dimensions. From the main menu, click Page and Print Setup. To plot your map at a standard E size 48 inches by 36 inches, select ARCH E as the page size.

43 The sample map now sits at the lower left corner of the layout graphic because it is set as a letter-sized layout. Click Scale Map Elements proportionately to changes in Page Size.

44 DO NOT DO THIS! For Your Information Only! DO NOT DO THIS! For Your Information Only.. If you had access to a large output plotter (214 Wurster Hall) to print your map poster, you could click Print from the File menu and send your map to the plotter. If you do this your account will be charged so. Reset the map page size to Letter.

45 ArcMap also allows you to export your map layout in a variety of electronic formats. From the main Menu, click File! Export Map Select JPEG (*.jpg) as the type, and save the output as Lab3Map2.jpg in your working folder. This exported layout can now be included in a Microsoft Word or PowerPoint document, or uploaded to a Web page for Internet viewing. It is limited, however, in that it is a static image. The data layers cannot be selectively manipulated to view as needed. This exported layout as a map can provide stakeholders who do not use GIS software, access to a simple map to study outside of a GIS. Change the Data Frame titles to reflect what is mapped in each Data Frame.

46 From the Main Menu, click File! Export Map. Select PDF (*.pdf) as the type, and save the output as Lab3Map3.pdf in your folder. Click the Advanced tab, and select to Export PDF Layers only, and check the box to Export Map Geo-reference Information. Make sure that your dialog box matches the following graphic, then click Save. Navigate to your Data folder and open the new Lab3Map3.pdf file. You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader installed on your computer to view this file.

47 The map poster looks very similar to the JPEG image generated earlier, but you are now able to interactively turn data layers on and off as needed. Click the Layers icon in the left margin of the PDF window. A list opens showing the layers in the map. Click the open file symbol next to the Over 65 layer, and click on the eye icon to turn this layer off.

48 A chart is a vivid graphical representation of the attribute data associated with geographical features. Charts are fully integrated into ArcMap's graphical user interface. (Remember that when you edit a table in ArcMap, the chart will immediately reflect the edit). To create a chart with the information of the Population Density is a two step process: 1) first you need to create a "summarize table" in that you will include the fields that you want to show in the table, and 2) next you can create the chart with the desired information. Open the table for "censusblk" by right clicking on the layer in the table of contents, and selecting "Open Attribute Table". Click on the "POP_DENS" field of the table to make it active (highlighted in blue) and then right click and scroll down to Summarize in the accompanying menu. What does summarize do? Sometimes the attribute information you have about map features is not organized the way you want for instance, you have population data by county when you want it by state. By summarizing the data in a table, you can derive various summary statistics including the count, average, minimum, and maximum value and get exactly the information you want. ArcMap creates a new table containing the summary statistics.

49 A dialog box titled "Summarize" appears on your screen. Enter: 1. Select a field to summarize: POP_DENS 2. Although we summarize on POP_DENS for each block in Berkeley, we can also include the Census population (PERSONS) data for each block. Choose one or more summary statistics...: Scroll down to "PERSONS" in the menu, click on the plus to attain access to the desired summary statistic and click Average. The Average PERSONS in 2000 is calculated and stored for each block. Click OK

50 Click Yes The will process your request and then ask if you want to add the result table in the map. Click Yes. The table titled "Sum_PopDen.dbf" will now be added to the table of contents in the geographic map view. To open the table, right click on Sum_PopDen.dbf in the table of contents and in the accompanying menu, scroll down to Open. A new table titled " Sum_PopDen.dbf " will appear in your screen. This table has four columns: ObjectID which simply provides an ordinal count of the POP_DENS displayed in the chart. POP_DENS which delimits the amount of population density in each polygon (block). Cnt_POP_DENS (this field counts the number of polygons within the same POP_DENS); Ave_Persons field, which represents the Average population value for each block

51 With the "Attributes of Sum_PopDen.dbf " table open, click on Table Options and scroll down to Create Graph. Clicking on Create Graph will invoke the Graph Wizard. Select the data table Sum_PopDen.dbf and graph the average Persons field using a variety of colors. One can choose from a variety of graph types.

52 click

53 click

54 The following graph results:

55 Previously, we created a bar graph depicting summary of Average persons. We would now like to display this on our layout. To add the graph to our layout: right click on the graph and Add to Layout. If the graph is not on the screen but was previously saved, click View from the main menu, scroll down to Graphs and then select load. (View! Graphs! load )

56 The layout will now be visible with the graph included on it. While the graph is highlighted, increase the graph size and move it around to situate it in a suitable location.

57 You are not required to submit this laboratory assignment. This is presented here as an example of how an assignment would follow a tutorial. There are 6 questions included, each with the value or grade that the section is worth. We also include an expanded grading Rubric that should help you determine how we would like assignments submitted. Once again, there is nothing to be submitted with this lab assignment. In building your map you can use data from one of the following: 1) The Oakland data set you obtained when undertaking Lab 2. 2) The Berkeley data set from the Geodatabase delivered with this Lab 3. However, if you choose to use this Berkeley dataset, do not use the same four data layer classifications that are used in the above practice tutorial. Try something new and practice making your own map with new data layers / maps. 3) In future labs we will be using a San Francisco data set and you can begin using it here in this lab if you desire _ located here: Q1) You must develop a theme or logic behind your maps like my example above where my various maps were made to help decision makers locate something like a new park in the City of Berkeley. When completed, you should have a well laid out page that shows 4 maps with different information that could be used to solve your own theme or research question. Your map layout should contain four data frames, each with a different classified data layer. (this question would be worth 4 marks) Q2) Include map elements such as: legends, a north arrow, a scale bar, and additional graphics such as a text box with reference information. (this question would be worth 2 marks) Q3) Include additional information about the source, projection and authorship of the maps. If you have difficulty with identifying this please see your GSI. We have not covered projections in lecture but I have mentioned them and you can detect what they are by looking at a layer's properties. We only want you to identify projection here. (this question would be worth 1 mark) Q4) Include a chart of one of the attributes being mapped in one of the layers. (this question would be worth 1 mark)

58 Q5) Add an image file to your layout with some meaning. (this question would be worth 1 mark) Q6) Post your results as a.pdf file to bcourses. Include in your document several screenshots of your map, tables, themes, charts, and final Layout. Make sure the pictures included in your.pdf are large enough so that we can see the details of map elements. Document what you did and describe any hurdles you had to overcome in your quest to build the best map possible. (this question would be worth 1 mark for overall clarity and communication) Here is an expanded grading Rubric that gives you an idea of how we would have graded this laboratory if we had asked you to submit it. We will be asking you to submit material for the next laboratory so use this rubric to understand what we expect. Rubric for Lab 3 Questions Total points possible Comments Q1. Data Frame 1--unique data, classified and symbolized; frame aligned and sized properly; appropriate to layout's theme Data Frame 2--unique data, classified and symbolized; frame aligned and sized properly; appropriate to layout's theme Data Frame 3--unique data, classified and symbolized; frame aligned and sized properly; appropriate to layout's theme Data Frame 4--unique data, classified and symbolized; frame aligned and sized properly; appropriate to layout's theme Create a theme or research question for each section of question 1, you should have created a data frame, inserted data, classified it logically, and sized the data frames using layout guides. It is also important to use uniform projections and scales for each of the maps in the layout. Most students received full points for this part, though there were some minor projection issues. Q2. Include crucial map elements Title Legend North Arrow 1.0 Total Q This should be descriptive and should communicate what each of the four maps shows. - The legend should communicate the classifications and key them to the map. The title of the legend should communicate what is being shown. It should also include units (though these were not included with all of the data for this lab). - If there's a north arrow in the layout, full points!

59 Scale Bar.5.5 Q3. Identify Source and Authorship Total Q The scale bar should have units that are meaningful for measurement or understanding the map (ideally, not decimal degrees). In cases where data frame scales were intentionally varied, multiple scale bars were necessary. Source information should include both the organization and, if applicable, the website it came from. No points were taken off if one of these was missing. Some people used the template for this assignment that included the text 'Name' and forgot to change it to their name. Minimal points were deducted for this. Identify Projection Information Q4. Chart of one attribute in one data frame Q5. Add an image to your layout map. Q6. Document results Projection information should include the datum, projection, and, in some cases, where it is located on the earth's surface (e.g. UTM Zone 10) The chart should be of an attribute mapped in one of the four data frames. Most points that were lost here were for omitting the chart from the assignment entirely, not adding the chart to the layout, or failing to integrate the chart into the overall layout The added image to supplement the mapped data similarly to the chart. Points lost here are for similar reasons to those on Question 4: for omitting the image entirely, not adding it to the layout, or failing to integrate the image into the layout. Overall clarity. Total Q3-Q6 4 1 Overall, a great set of assignments. Remember to include some text with the images in your assignment but keep it relevant and concise. If you encounter problems, document them with images and text. The biggest issues in this assignment were with the titles and legends. Remember that the purpose of printed layouts and maps is communication. If someone doesn't understand what your map is showing, they will probably stop looking at it. Lab 3 Grade Total 10

60 The page limit is four pages for all labs. Handing in your assignment to bcourses: Here are some examples of what this assignment would look like if it were assigned