STEP 6 RAPID REVIEW REPORT GUIDE

Transcription

1 STEP 6 RAPID REVIEW REPORT GUIDE General Notes Audience - The target audience for a RR report is decision makers. Include only information needed to make the decision. This report is not intended to be an academic paper. Therefore do not include unnecessary detail, avoid duplication by writing concisely and do not repeat information in multiple sections. If working with a knowledge broker, the knowledge broker will assist in ensuring that the review team are following the correct research review process that meets the practice need including using the appropriate report tools. Style - Write in sentences, in plain language, as you would speak. Check grammar and punctuation. Explain definitions of health conditions and statistical tests in plain language. Report Format - Follow a 1:2:20 format: one page of key messages, a one- to twopage executive summary, and an up-to-20-page full report. Link to report template: Rapid Review Template About the Rapid Review Report Template The template for Rapid Review reports assigns specific styles to fulfill specific functions. The basic approach is outlined below: All style names for the rapid review are preceded by RR. The base font is Arial, 12-pt, regular. Paragraph text is fully justified and not indented. Paragraph text is double-spaced. Additional paragraph spacing is automatically added before each new paragraph or subheading. Headings and bulleted lists are left-justified (use ragged right margin). Titles, headings and table entries may use a different font size or appearance; these elements are built into the styles for those items. Three levels of sub-headings have been constructed and are followed automatically by normal text. Two levels of bullets have been constructed and are followed automatically by the same level of bullet. No additional paragraph spacing occurs between bullets, or between the lead-in and initial bullet. Tables use Arial, 10-pt, regular as the base font. Table text, column titles and row titles each have specific styles assigned. Rows or columns can be added to a RR Report Guide (v. November 2017) Page 1

2 table as needed, and the font size can be reduced only if absolutely necessary in the 20-page body of the report. [Data extraction tables in the appendices can use smaller fonts.] A two-page Style Aid immediately follows the title page. Its text illustrates the styles available. It should be deleted before a draft is circulated. Using the Template Save a copy of the report template under the file name you want to use for your rapid review. Keep the Style Aid as part of your draft so you can refer to it as needed. Type directly into the template, typing over the dummy text in each section which is automatically in the correct style. When you need to apply a different style (for example, to switch from normal text to a bulleted list), you can 1) apply the styles in the Styles menu, or 2) use the Style Aid and the format painter feature in Word. 1. Apply the styles listed on the Styles menu, located on the Home tab. a. Highlight the text you want to apply a new style to (for example, to turn a line of normal text into a first-level bullet, highlight the line of normal text). b. On the Styles menu, click on the arrow at the bottom of the Styles ruler (right side of box containing the styles). This will expand the box and show all of the styles available. c. Click on the style you want to apply (for example, RR Bullet1). The style will be automatically applied to the text you highlighted earlier. 2. Use the Style Aid and the format painter feature in Word. a. Find the format painter represented by the paintbrush icon located on the Home tab (left side of tab). b. Position the cursor on existing text that contains the desired style you want to apply to your new text, either in the Style Aid or elsewhere in your document (for example, position the cursor on the first-level bullet in the Style Aid, or on a pre-existing first-level bullet in your document). c. Click the paintbrush icon on the Home tab to turn it on. (Clicking the paintbrush once allows one application of the desired style; clicking it twice allows unlimited applications of the desired style until you turn it off.) d. Use the cursor to highlight the text you want to paint with the desired style. The highlighted text will immediately change to the desired style. e. If you double-clicked the paintbrush icon (to apply the same style to several items), you ll need to click on it again when you re finished to turn it off. RR Report Guide (v. November 2017) Page 2

3 f. To make this easier, you can split the screen and keep the Style Aid handy above the split while you work on the text below. i. To split the screen: Position your cursor on the Style Aid where you d like the screen to split to give you sufficient working area below it. On the View tab, click on Split. ii. You can work in either area of the split screen, scrolling up and down. This allows you to position your cursor on Style Aid items easily and apply the styles in the working area of the screen below without flipping through the document. iii. To remove the split: On the View tab, click Remove Split. Writing the Rapid Review Report Link to examples of completed rapid review reports: Title Create a major title, followed by the minor title A Rapid Review on a separate line. Use the fewest words and the plainest language for the major title that gets the precise meaning across in a two-line maximum (about eight words in Arial 24-pt font). Begin the major title with an action verb if possible. For example, Making Immunization Decisions for School-aged Children, Communicating Urgent Environmental Risks. Style Notes Use title case: Capitalize significant words. No punctuation is needed at the end of either title. Key Messages One page, in numbered list format. Write this section last. Provide, in plain language, up to six statements that are the bottom line. These are derived from the evidence itself. Executive Summary One to two pages. Write this section after completing the full report. Provide a concise overview of the research question, context, methods and results of the literature review, a synthesis of findings, and concluding practice recommendations. Style Notes Section subheadings are not necessary. References do not need to be included here; they will appear in the full report. Full Report Up to 20 pages in total, consisting of the sections that follow: 1. Issue Up to five or six sentences, plus three to five sentences for the anecdote. RR Report Guide (v. November 2017) Page 3

4 Outline, in plain language, a statement of the practice question. Ask yourself, and answer in this section, why this question is important to address, and why has it come about at this point in time? Write a short anecdote that describes a public health practice experience to illustrate the need to answer this practice question. 2. Context Up to one-and-a-half pages (20 sentences). Include only what is relevant for your issue. Include available data about the incidence and prevalence of the health issue in Peel. In addition, if available, include any relevant provincial or national data. Include any information that compares the incidence and prevalence data with those of other relevant jurisdictions. Provide definitions for conditions if they would not be widely understood by the target audience. Describe any political situations or issues of relevance in the Peel context. Describe any community situations or issues of relevance in Peel, including important partnerships that could be affected by any practice or policy change implemented as a result of the review. Describe any practice issues for Peel Public Health and other public health organizations that may be directly and/or indirectly affected by this review. Outline the financial and resource implications of any practice or policy change implemented as a result of the review, if they might be significant. Be sure, when quoting references, to use the primary source or reference and not a secondary reference (e.g., where an agency has quoted a primary reference). Make sure each initial reference to a source explicitly names the source (see References section below). 3. Conceptual Framework (optional) Up to three sentences. Describe how or where the question fits into the conceptual model. Append the model in Appendix A. 4. Literature Review Question Up to three sentences. Include the plain language question and the question in PICO (population, intervention, comparison and outcome) format, as appropriate. 5. Literature Search RR Report Guide (v. November 2017) Page 4

5 Five to seven sentences. List all sources searched (e.g., websites, databases, reference lists, journals, experts contacted), the date the search was conducted (i.e., month, year), and any search limits (e.g., dates, language, type of paper). Append the search strategy in Appendix B. 6. Relevance Assessment Five to seven sentences. Describe the process used to assess relevance (e.g., number of assessors, method to resolve any discrepancies). List the relevance criteria used to determine which papers to include in the review. Inclusion criteria are those factors used to determine that a paper should be appraised for quality (e.g., the paper is a systematic review, aligns with the elements of the PICO question). Exclusion criteria are other factors which eliminated papers from critical appraisal (e.g., duplicate, not within date range, not English language). These should be new criteria, not just the negative of the inclusion criteria. List the relevance criteria using two bullets, one each summarizing the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Example: The studies were assessed based on the following criteria: Inclusion criteria: English language; published in the last five years; tobacco prevention included as an outcome; includes late teens, young adults and adults in target population Exclusion criteria: Duplicates; focused on children Adapted from: Effective Interventions to Prevent Males in their Late Teens and Early Twenties from Progressing to Regular Smoking. Ho and Fitzgibbon, Results of the Search Three to five sentences. Describe the total number of papers of each type identified in the final version of the implemented search. Describe how many articles of each type were found to meet the relevance criteria. Append the search results flowchart in Appendix C. 8. Critical Appraisal Six to eight sentences. Describe the process used to appraise quality (e.g., the tool used to assess quality, how many reviewers independently completed the assessments and the method to resolve any disagreement in assessment among reviewers). RR Report Guide (v. November 2017) Page 5

6 Describe how many papers of each type were assessed to be of weak, moderate or strong quality. Include a summary statement stating the final number of papers included in the review. The final papers included do not need to be named in this section. Include a statement about any papers that were excluded based on a weak quality score. 9. Description of Included Studies Up to ten sentences for each included paper. Describe the included papers (usually guidelines or systematic reviews), including: title, author, year of publication, paper type (e.g., guideline, systematic review), number of studies included (if the paper is a synthesis), or number of reviews used to produce it (if the paper is a guideline), and quality rating from the critical appraisal. Describe the settings, population, interventions (describe the studied interventions in enough detail so that the interventions could be reproduced), any comparisons, and the outcomes studied if available. (Do not describe the results or findings here, just describe what the authors studied.) Append the details (which also include the main findings for each paper) in data extraction tables in Appendix D. Link to examples of data extraction tables: Style Notes To present each paper, use an abbreviated version of the full reference as a secondlevel subheading. The heading should contain abbreviated authors, year, full title of the paper and reference list number (see example below). Include, for each study, the type of study and its assessed quality rating in the first line of the description. Example: LaRocca et al. (2012): The effectiveness of knowledge translation strategies used in public health (4) The objective of this systematic review, rated as strong, was to address which knowledge translation (KT) strategies are most effective among practitioners, managers and policy makers to promote the use of research evidence in public health settings. Five primary studies were included in Adapted from: Effective Knowledge Translation Tactics for Increasing the Use of Health Status and Surveillance Data. Kujbida and Stratton, Synthesis of Findings RR Report Guide (v. November 2017) Page 6

7 Five to six sentences for each conclusion (depending on number of references supporting each conclusion). Interpret the findings of the included papers as follows: - Provide an overall summarizing statement for each conclusion (by outcome or intervention, depending on how you decide to present the findings) and include the population studied. Use PICO when stating your results. Example: - There was no effect shown among 7- to14-year-old school children [population] of curriculum-based interventions [intervention] compared to educational interventions [comparison intervention] on screen time [outcome]. - Following the overall statement, describe the relevant findings that support the conclusion. Include the source of these findings using Vancouver style. - Where effects were found, report the magnitude or size of the effect, with applicable statistics for each intervention. Where applicable, interpret the effect size. Example: - At months post vaccination, participants who received the HPV vaccine (population) were 64% less likely to develop any cervical lesions (outcome) compared to those not vaccinated (comparison population) (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.45). Style Notes Present each finding as a bullet with the overall summarizing statement in bold font, followed by the supporting information in regular font. Example: As the average volume of alcohol consumption increases, the lifetime risk of alcohol-related disease increases. For younger men (<45 years old), there is a linear relationship between the volume of alcohol consumed and all-cause mortality (RR=1.09 at >10g/day). However, for both men and women over age 45, a J-shaped relationship emerges, with Adapted from: Alcohol impacts health: A rapid review of the evidence, Kaptein, Wan, Amorim, Smith and Bromby, Draft Recommendations Include this section only for the draft for the Applicability and Transferability meeting. One sentence per recommendation. Based on the evidence, provide draft practice or policy recommendations. 12. Applicability and Transferability Complete this section after the A&T meeting. Two to five pages. Describe the main points which arose from the A&T meeting. Include any information related to implementing the recommendations in the local setting (e.g., any practice, social, political, resource and reach implications; whether RR Report Guide (v. November 2017) Page 7

8 they are internal or external factors, including the known or expected perspectives of stakeholders). Note any next steps identified and assigned responsibilities. 13. Recommendations One sentence per recommendation. Based on the evidence and the applicability and transferability discussion, outline the recommendations made. 14. References Include all references quoted in your paper in your reference list in the order in which they appear. For help using write and cite, contact the library. Use Vancouver style to reference sources. In brief, this requires 1) naming the source in the text the first time it s used, 2) assigning a number to each source, 3) placing a list of numbered references at the end of the body of the report as endnotes, and 4) using these reference numbers when citing the source thereafter. For example, the passage below clearly sets out the initial references to three sources cited (underlining for illustration purposes only): Peer support was cited in the Mandatory Health Programs and Service Guidelines (1997) as a strategy to promote and support breastfeeding (1). The current Ontario Public Health Standards (2008) do not require peer support for breastfeeding (2). Providing peer support is one criterion for Baby Friendly designation by the Breastfeeding Committee for Canada (3), which was achieved by Peel Public Health in Adapted from: Effect of Peer Support on Breastfeeding Initiation, Duration and Exclusivity: Evidence for Public Health Decision Making. Walker, DeVouge, Chang and Notten, Information about using the Vancouver style can be found at web.pdf Be sure, when quoting references, to use the primary source or reference and not a secondary reference (e.g., where an agency has quoted a primary reference). Make sure each initial reference to a source explicitly names the source. 15. Appendices Use simply See Appendix X at the end of the appropriate section. (The title of the appendix or a description of its contents aren t necessary.) RR Report Guide (v. November 2017) Page 8