COV885 Distributed Systems
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1 COV885 Distributed Systems Web-based Systems: Web Developments Web Services S. Bhalla, ( 2017) Special Module on Database Systems
2 Client Server Systems
3 Web-based Client Server Systems
4 Web Engineering: Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) Definition by Pressman (p. 469): Web Engineering (WE) : SOA applies sound scientific, engineering, and management principles, disciplined and systematic approaches to the successful development, deployment, and maintenance of high-quality web-based systems and applications. R. Pressman: Software Engineering A Practitioner s Approach, 6th Edition. McGraw-Hill Higher Education 2005
5 Software Systems
6 Web Engineering: Service-oriented Architecture
7 Conceptual Architecture
8 History of the Web 1969: ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) First small network: Stanford Research Institute, UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, Univ. of Utah TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) IP (Internet Protocol) 1972: Telnet protocol 1973: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 1973: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 1989: T. Berners-Lee et al.: Word Wide Web (WWW) 1994: W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) 1996: HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
9 Internet - Web Internet Protocols SSH Secure Shell, SMB Server Message Block, CIFS (Common Internet File System) FTP File Transfer Protocol, SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol TCP Transmission Control Protocol, Telnet Telephone Network HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol HTTPs Secure Hyper Text Transfer Protocol POP Post Office Protocol, HTCPCP Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol, MTP Media Transfer Protocol SFTP Secure File Transfer Protocol, SSL Secure Socket Layer WEB HTTP, HTTPS
10 Protocol Stack
11 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) international consortium member organizations, a full-time staff, and the public work together develop Web standards W3C's mission: to lead the WWW to its full potential by developing protocols and guidelines that ensure long-term growth for the Web.
12 Web Application Definition: A Web Application is a software system based on technologies and standards of the World Wide Web Provided by: Consortium (W3C) that provides Web specific resources content and services through a user interface, the Web browser [Kappel et al. 2004]
13 Categories of Web Applications
14 Categories of Web Applications (1) (cf. Pressman, p. 472, Kappel, p.5) document-centered Informational read-only content is provided with simple navigation and links Download a user downloads information from the appropriate server (ftp-server) Customizable the user customizes content to specific needs examples: static HTML-pages, home pages web radio simple presentations of companies/products
15 Categories of Web Applications (2) Interactive content of a website is dynamically generated as response to a user request form-based input is the primary mechanism for communication between client and server usage of HTML-forms and Common Gateway Interface (CGI) techniques radio button, string input, choice lists examples: dynamic HTML pages public transport schedules search engines 1. HTML specifications FORM feature 2. Browser (HTML) Web-Server CGI Program
16 Categories of Web Applications (3) transactional complex interactions read and write actions atomicity / roll-back in case of problems usage of transaction management of database systems efficient and consistent data management structured data and queries examples: online banking e-shopping reservation systems REQUIRES Web Services support
17 Categories of Web Applications
18 Categories of Web Applications (4) workflow-based support business processes ( workflows ) within respective units between different enterprises or private users an application provides a complex service to the user, e.g. assists the user in determining the mortgage payment prerequisite: structured flow of activities examples: Business-to-Business (B2B) Integration Frameworks E-Government patient workflows in health care systems REQUIRES Web Services support
19 Workflow Examples Workflows are (the computerized part of) business processes, consisting of a set of (automated or intellectual) activities with specified control and data flow between them (e.g., specified as a state chart or Petri net)
20 Workflow Examples Conference travel planning: Select a conference, based on subject, program, time, and place. If no suitable conference is found the process is terminated. Check out the cost of the trip to this conference. Check out the registration fee for the conference. Compare total cost of the conference to allowed budget, and decide to attend only if the cost is within the budget. Observations: activities spawn transactions on information servers, workflow state must be failure-resilient, long-lived workflows are not isolated
21 Transactions Workflows Workflow Examples RPC based Systems: Banking, ATMs (LAN, dedicated lines) Web Services Based Systems ( now, in future) : Car company and part suppliers, AMAZON and its suppliers closed group Paytm, yahoo auctions open groups
22 Categories of Web Applications (5) collaborative support cooperation in case of unstructured flow of activities and high degree of communication groupware examples: support of shared information- and workspaces Wiki, BSCW, Microsoft Windows SharePoint Services chat rooms e-learning platforms: Khan Academy
23 Categories of Web Applications (6) portal-oriented the application channels the user to other Web content or services outside the domain of the portal application single point of access examples: community portals dedicated user groups customer profiles enterprise portals Intranet, extranet
24 Categories of Web Applications (7) social-web people provide their identity to a community of others with the same interests serve the purpose of finding other people examples: weblogs networking platforms XING, facebook virtual shared workspace
25 Categories of Web Applications (8) ubiquitous personalized services at every time at every location multi-platform delivery (PC, PDA, mobile phone) context-dependent information example: display of today s menu on end-user devices while entering a restaurant
26 Categories of Web Applications (9) semantic web Extension of the WWW WWW links data (Hypertext) Semantic Web links data on the basis of its meaning Information available on the web adequate for human understanding and adequate for automatic manipulation knowledge management derivation of new knowledge re-use of knowledge based on ontology s Example: Google, semantic web content management systems
27 Summary 1. Web Applications Support Business Activities E-commerce and Production Systems (Electricity Distribution) 2. Government Support Programs Education Healthcare and Life (Air-traffic Control) Defence Services : Scientific Evolution for critical applications Security, Overheads, Long duration Transactions, workflows Specifications: Form, client-server, Web Services, HTML 5 (transmitts GIS coordinates of clients), tracking tools/systems
28 Chapter Exercise (No submission is needed) 1. Get the details of listed web sites and terms (in this set of slides). 2. Classify the following web applications: SkyPe, MedlinePlus, MedlinePlus Encyclopedia, Google Docs, Google Maps API, gmail, LMMP (NASA), Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, JAL home page, IITD home page, AMAZON, Any e-auction web site, Postgres web site, Wikipedia.
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