Impact. Course Content. Objectives of Lecture 2 Internet and WWW. CMPUT 499: Internet and WWW Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane. University of Alberta 4

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Impact. Course Content. Objectives of Lecture 2 Internet and WWW. CMPUT 499: Internet and WWW Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane. University of Alberta 4"

Barnaby Lawrence
5 years ago
Views:

1 Web Technologies and Applications Winter 2001 CMPUT 499: Internet and WWW Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane University of Alberta Impact Babyboomer after the WWII, generation X late 60s. I have the incline to call the last generation: generation Internet due to the impact on their lives. A teenager is buying his first CD on-line. A grandmother is ing her friends around the world using her television. The Internet has a profound impact not only on the new generation, but on all people off all ages where ever they are. University of Alberta 1 University of Alberta 2 Course Content Introduction Internet and WWW Protocols HTML and beyond Animation & WWW Java Script Dynamic Pages Perl Java Applets Databases & WWW SGML / XML Managing servers Search Engines Web Mining CORBA Security Issues Selected Topics Projects Objectives of Lecture 2 Internet and WWW Get a brief overview of the history of the Internet and the different tools that exist on the Internet; Understand the distinction between the Internet and the World-Wide Web. University of Alberta 3 University of Alberta 4

2 When Did It All Start? In 1945, Vannevar Bush wrote an article As We May Think describing a machine, Memex, containing human collective knowledge organized with trails linking materials of the same topic. The article revolutionized information technology before even the existence of modern computers. University of Alberta 5 University of Alberta 6 Where is the memex? Memex is hypothetical machine. The information stored ought to be accessible. We haven t fulfilled the dream yet. But much has been achieved in 50 years. Outline of Lecture 2 University of Alberta 7 University of Alberta 8

3 Hypertext-Hyperlink-Hypermedia Following Memex idea, Ted Nelson developed the Xanadu project which aimed at placing the entire world s literary corpus on-line. Ted Nelson coined the term hypertext in A document is not contiguous but is a set of connected parts of documents. Hyperlinks are links that connect subdocuments. Hypermedia is a multimedia hypertext document, Outline of Lecture 2 University of Alberta 9 University of Alberta 10 ARPAnet In the heart of the cold war, ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) was created (1957). The purpose was to outrun the Russians in the race for mastering rocket launching. In 1969, it was decided to link sensitive computer centres by a network in order to withstand a possible nuclear attack. The idea was to allow centres to communicate even after a centre is destroyed. (Bob Taylor s idea) It connected government labs, major research centres and universities. It existed until 1988 and was officially dismantled in Backbone Network speed: 64Kbits/second Major achievements: TCP/IP, Domain Name Service, (SMTP), FTP, Telnet... University of Alberta 11 NSFnet DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, still exists and the military have their own network but the original ARPAnet was integrated into the current Internet. The National Science Foundation in the USA funded the NSFnet which was created in Backbone Network speed: T1 (1.5mb/sec.) to T3 (45mb/sec.) It originally connected 5 major universities with supercomputer centres, but rapidly included other universities, research centres and private companies. Replaced ARPAnet as the backbone of Internet in 1990 University of Alberta 12

What about the Internet? The Internet didn t originate in the USA alone. Other networks existed in North America and Europe and other places in the world.

Late 90s: Internet2, funded by US universities, a sequel to NSFnet with new protocols. University of Alberta 13 CA net Year Speed USA equivalent Ca net 1990 1.

5 Gb/s Internet2 Abilene & vbsn projects Alberta also has a project for a high speed connection between Edmonton and Calgary University of Alberta 14 Explosive Growth Internet Timeline 1970 1975 1980

4 What about the Internet? The Internet didn t originate in the USA alone. Other networks existed in North America and Europe and other places in the world. BitNet, for instance, connected many research centres and universities. Bridges connected these networks to create a larger international network: the Internet. Late 90s: Internet2, funded by US universities, a sequel to NSFnet with new protocols. University of Alberta 13 CA net Year Speed USA equivalent Ca net mb/s NSFnet Ca net Mb/s Internet2 Ca net Gb/s Internet2 Abilene & vbsn projects Alberta also has a project for a high speed connection between Edmonton and Calgary University of Alberta 14 Explosive Growth Internet Timeline ARPANET commissioned by DoD TCP/IP 1972 ARPANET demonstration 1971 FTP on NCP 1973 First international connection (UK+Norway) USENET 1982 ARPANET transition to 1981 TCP/IP BITNET and CSNET come into being FTP ARPANET splits into ARPANET and MILNET 1986 NSF-Net created 1986 NNTP ARPANET Veronica Harvest Java Internet ceases to exist phone Mosaic VRML 1992 IRC Archie MBONE E-commerce Gopher WAIS Crawlers 1992 W3C 1994 WWW UCSTRI in CERN MLDB + Netfind Aliweb WebQL Yahoo Wireless Internet access 1996 AltaVista Internet Tax Freedom Act 1999 Internet2 NGI 1998 Clever 1999 RSVP 1996 WebSQL 1998 Google 1997 WebOQL # countries Year , , ,486,000 6,642,000 36,739, # hosts Year University of Alberta 15 University of Alberta 16

5 University of Alberta 17 Advent of the World-Wide Web In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee developed a on-line hypertextbased system to help researchers at CERN in Switzerland share information across a diverse computer network. He came up with first versions of HTML (based on SGML) and the HTTP protocol. HTTP and HTML catapulted the Internet to new heights. The WWW revolutionized the use of the Internet thanks to a multimedia user friendly interface: a web browser. Mosaic was developed in NCSA by students at the University of Illinois in, among them Marc Andreessen who created Netscape in. University of Alberta 18 The WWW is not alone There are other tools on the Internet. They could be classified as: Command Line. Ex: FTP (1971) Menu-based. Ex: gopher (1991) Search engine. Ex: WAIS (1991) Hypermedia. Ex: WWW (1991) University of Alberta 19 Other Taxonomy of Internet Tools Communication services , newsgroups (usenet), telnet, internet relay chat (IRC), Information storage and exchange FTP, Gopher, Alex, Information Indexing Archie, Veronica, Wais, UCSTRI, Whois, Interactive Multimedia information delivery WWW and its indexes. University of Alberta 20

6 Client-Server Architecture Requests the information Client The World-Wide Web is an assortment of interconnected computers. In this context, computers provide data to other computers. Provides the information Server University of Alberta 21 University of Alberta 22 Client-Server Architecture Client-Server Architecture Request URL Request + Data Client HTTP Server HTTP DB Response HTML page Response Browser HTTP server Javascript and Java Application CGI + Servlets (Perl and Java) University of Alberta 23 University of Alberta 24

7 University of Alberta 25 Terms in the Glossary Internet: group of networks connected together. The Internet refers to the global connection of networks around the world. LAN: Local Area Network: a group of computers, usually all in the same room or building, connected for the purpose of sharing files, exchanging , and collaboration. Intranet: internal company network. Internal use of web capabilities. Extranet: ability to securely connecting the intranet with defined external networks. CGI: Common Gateway Interface: means of developing application for the web on the server side. Middleware: a tier usually between a web application or a web server and a database or another application layer. University of Alberta 26

A Brief History of the Internet

A Brief History of the Internet CITS3403 Agile Web Development 2018 Semester 1 Some material Copyright 2008-2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. In the beginning there was...