Cromemco UNIX V.2 Installation

Transcription

1 The Blog Tuesday, March 25, 2014 Cromemco UNIX V.2 Installation Building on the story of the injured Cromemco UNIX system I am outlining the exact recovery procedure I followed to restore UNIX V2 onto a new Hard Disk. Hardware Notes To run UNIX V2 you will need a working XMU Memory Management unit. These are as rare as hens teeth. Without it you can still run Cromix 172 XXU version and in article to come I'll document that installation (from diskette which is much simpler).

2 Recovery Materials 2 XDOS diskettes which are written in xfs format Cromemco computer with a tape QIC60 SCSI tape drive controlled from the ESDC controller card New blank MFM format ST506 type disk controlled by STDC controller card A 360K disk drive UNIX V2 tape example from catalog 669 Extended Patience and Coffee. Note Down Disk Geometry Before inserting the new MFM hard disk into the computer note down it's vital statistics. Recall that on these old disks the computer can not make an enquiry to the disk to ask for these parameters to be returned to it. Number of heads... = 5 Number of cylinders... = 977 Number of alternate tracks... = 15 Start of write precompensation... = 300 Location of alternate tracks... = 976 Now insert the MFM hard drive connecting up the Power and the 2 Data cables. In the next section you will repeatedly use diskettes 078 and 079 to perform essential low level tasks. Once a program is loaded and used once a : prompt will appear. Simply hit RETURN and you will return to XDOS (DDOS) prompt at which point you will pres ESCape to abort a boot and then load the next program: 078 is XDOS disk 2 contains :07 31,548 diskinfo :07 53,116 ftar :07 29,716 inithard :08 26,544 ls :08 27,860 makfs :08 30,056 readall :04 65,536 xdos 079 is XDOS disk 1 contains :07 25,160 cat

3 :07 31,548 diskinfo :07 45,260 fsck :07 53,116 ftar :07 29,716 inithard :08 26,544 ls :08 27,860 makfs :08 27,456 newboot :08 25,980 od :08 33,840 patch Initialise the hard Disk Boot from diskette 079 and intialise the Hard Disk Enter program name: inithard Loading file: inithard New drive (Y/N) <N>? y Standalone inithard Version V Press: RETURN to supply default answers CTRL-C to abort program Warning: INITHARD can destroy all disk data Warning: NEWDRIVE switch is enabled Device name? std(31,0) Number of surfaces (1-16) <16>? 5 Number of cylinders (1-4096) <1280>? 977 Max number of alternate tracks must be a multiple of the number of surfaces Max number of alternate tracks (0-112) <0>? 20 Starting cylinder of disk (0-977) <1>? Starting cylinder for write precomp (0-977) <977>? 300 Do you want to initialize any tracks (Y/N) <N>? y First cylinder (0-976) <0>? Last cylinder (0-976) <976>? First head (0-4) <0>? Last head (0-4) <4>? Surface Cylinder

4 STDC: format track error s=3 c=40 B4 : I/O error STDC: format track error s=3 c=41 B4 : I/O error STDC: format track error s=3 c=42 B4 : I/O error STDC: format track error s=3 c=49 B4 : I/O error STDC: format track error s=2 c=392 B4 : I/O error Partition # Starting Cylinder Size (Kbytes) Do you want to change partition table (Y/N) <N>? y Partition 0 Size of partition (Kbytes) ( ) <48600>? Partition 1 Size of partition (Kbytes) ( ) <23600>? 5000 Partition 2 Size of partition (Kbytes) ( ) <18600>? Partition 3 Size of partition (Kbytes) ( ) <8600>? Alternate track location (1-972) <972>? Do you want to add an alternate track (Y/N) <N>? n Bad track formatting should be ignored here (unless it is every track), we'll deal with that more robustly in a moment The partition layout is important. Follow these rules Track 0 should not be used First partition is where UNIX will live and should be at least 20MB and for my tape 30MB Partition 2 will house the UNIX swap area, >4MB Partition 3 and later can store anything you like. A convention I have seen is to store in Partition 3 Cromix 172 and in Partition 4 and later your user data Read the Surface of the Disk With old MFM hard disks it is advisable to keep the temperature stable and to leave the disk spinning for at last 30 minutes. Then in steady state check the readability of the full hard disk surface.

5 Load the standalone readall program from XDOS disk#2 (078) Enter program name: readall : std(31,0) Reading surfaces 0-4 on cylinders Pass 0 Surface Cylinder Surface 1, cylinder 34, primitive read error FF 04 Surface 1, cylinder 35, primitive read error FF 04 Surface 3, cylinder 38, primitive read error FF 04 Surface 3, cylinder 39, primitive read error FF 04 Surface 3, cylinder 40, primitive read error FF 04 Surface 3, cylinder 41, primitive read error FF 04 Surface 3, cylinder 42, primitive read error FF 04 Surface 3, cylinder 49, primitive read error FF 04 Surface 2, cylinder 392, primitive read error FF 04 4, 976 Obviously your printout will differ, but note down these cylinders and surfaces and run inithard a second time and add in the alternate tracks Populate Alternate Track Table Based on 9 bad tracks that readall found I need to run inithard again and map the alternate tracks Enter program name: inithard Loading file: inithard New drive (Y/N) <N>? Standalone inithard Version V Press: RETURN to supply default answers CTRL-C to abort program

6 Warning: INITHARD can destroy all disk data Device name? std(31,0) Number of surfaces (1-16) <5>? Number of cylinders (1-4096) <977>? Max number of alternate tracks must be a multiple of the number of surfaces Max number of alternate tracks (0-112) <20>? Starting cylinder of disk (0-977) <1>? Starting cylinder for write precomp (0-977) <300>? Do you want to initialize any tracks (Y/N) <N>? Partition # Starting Cylinder Size (Kbytes) Do you want to change partition table (Y/N) <N>? Alternate track location (1-972) <972>? Do you want to add an alternate track (Y/N) <N>? y Bad cylinder number (0-976) <0>? 34 Bad head number (0-4) <0>? 1 Bad cylinder number (0-976) <0>? 35 Bad head number (0-4) <0>? 1 Bad cylinder number (0-976) <0>? 38 Bad head number (0-4) <0>? 3 Bad cylinder number (0-976) <0>? 39 Bad head number (0-4) <0>? 3 Bad cylinder number (0-976) <0>? 40 Bad head number (0-4) <0>? 3 Bad cylinder number (0-976) <0>? 41 Bad head number (0-4) <0>? 3 Bad cylinder number (0-976) <0>? 42 Bad head number (0-4) <0>? 3 Bad cylinder number (0-976) <0>? 49 Bad head number (0-4) <0>? 3 Bad cylinder number (0-976) <0>? 392 Bad head number (0-4) <0>? 2 Bad cylinder number (0-976) <0>? Bad head number (0-4) <0>? Alternate track table # bad track alt track # bad track alt track # bad track alt track cyl hd cyl hd cyl hd cyl hd cyl hd cyl hd Do you want to add an alternate track (Y/N) <N>? Do you want to delete an alternate track (Y/N) <N>? Make the UNIX filesystem

7 Reboot from disk 079 and load makfs Enter program name: makfs Loading file: makfs Standalone makfs Version V.2.1 device: std(0,0) bytes per logical block = 1024 total logical blocks = total inodes = 6240 gap (physical blocks) = 1 cylinder size (physical blocks) = 100 Use fsck to check the empty / filesystem As a paranoia step, run fsck to check that the filesystem is good Enter program name: fsck Loading file: fsck Standalone fsck Version V s? (unconditionally rebuild free list) -S? (rebuild free list, but only if no discrepancies) -n? (do not open for writing) -y? -D? -f? -b?

8 filesystem: std(0,0) std(0,0) File System: Volume: ** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes ** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames ** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity ** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts ** Phase 5 - Check Free List 2 files 2 blocks free Restore UNIX from tape 669 From the lifesaving tape I conveniently made earlier: Enter program name: ftar Loading file: ftar Standalone ftar, Version V.2.5 : -xv qic(0,0) Enter destination directory : std(0,0)/ Enter destination directory : std(0,0)/ Starting time: Fri Mar 18 17:22: Extracting "/" Extracting "/bin" Extracting "/bin/man" Extracting "/bin/killall" Extracting "/bin/size" Extracting "/bin/time" Extracting "/bin/mesg" Extracting "/bin/arcv" Extracting "/bin/greek" Extracting "/bin/vax" Extracting "/bin/u3b" Extracting "/bin/touch"

9 Extracting "/bin/osdd" Extracting "/bin/pdp11" Extracting "/bin/ls" Extracting "/bin/expr" Extracting "/bin/diskformat" minutes later Extracting "/tt" Extracting "/tt/cat" Extracting "/tt/diskinfo" Extracting "/tt/fsck" Extracting "/tt/ftar" Extracting "/tt/inithard" Extracting "/tt/ls" Extracting "/tt/makfs" Extracting "/tt/newboot" Extracting "/tt/od" Extracting "/tt/patch" Extracting "/tt/readall" Extracting "/tt/xdos" Ending time: Fri Mar 18 20:23: Check integrity of restored filesystem Run fsck a second time to see that all is well. Enter program name: fsck Loading file: fsck Standalone fsck Version V s? (unconditionally rebuild free list) -S? (rebuild free list, but only if no discrepancies) -n? (do not open for writing) -y?

10 -D? -f? -b? filesystem: std(0,0) std(0,0) File System: Volume: ** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes ** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames ** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity ** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts ** Phase 5 - Check Free List 3556 files blocks 7698 free Boot to std(0,0)/unix using newboot At the moment the bootstrap program used to find, load and run /unix is not installed and there is no standalone program to install it. So get to real UNIX and we will then write out the correct program Enter program name: newboot Loading file: newboot Newboot Version V Preparing to boot esd( 0,0)unix - Type ESC to abort ESDC0 0 unit 0 block 0 hd 0 cyl 0 sect 0 stat 0x The Distribution system is pre programmed to boot from an ESDI disk which does not exist and so the boot fails. Now enter the ST506 disk name instead : std(0,0)/unix Booting std(0,0)/unix - Standby Size:

11 rootdev = 0x0100: pipedev = 0x0100: dumpdev = 0x0101: swapdev = 0x0101: (C) Copyright UniSoft Corporation Unix Paging System V.2 - March 1985 Created Wed May 3 16:08:23 PDT 1989 Cromemco, Inc. distribution system MC68881 Floating Point Coprocessor UNIX/5.2: unix0212 total memory size: bytes available memory: bytes So boot UNIX (wahoo) and then install it # wboot std/0s31 /etc/ustdboot Write /etc/ustdboot to /dev/std/0s31. (y/n): y 14+1 blocks in 14+1 blocks out # cd / # shutdown SHUTDOWN PROGRAM Fri Mar 18 20:31:27 PST 1994 Busy out (push down) the appropriate phone lines for this system. Do you want to continue? (y or n): Process accounting stopped. No demon active Error logging stopped. y All currently running processes will now be killed. Wait for 'INIT: SINGLE USER MODE' before halting. So that is all completed. Whole process should take less than 120 minutes depending on

12 your coffee breaks. Marcus Bennett at 03:25:00 Links to this post Create a Link Home View web version Powered by Blogger