STOP SIGNAL REACTION TIME

Transcription

1 instrumentation and software for research STOP SIGNAL REACTION TIME MEDSTATE NOTATION PROCEDURE SOF-700RA-34 USER S MANUAL DOC-111 Rev. 1.0 Copyright 2016 All Rights Reserved P.O. Box 319 St. Albans, Vermont Phone: Fax: Trademarks: MedState Notation, Registered Trademark: MED-PC, Delphi, Borland International, Inc.

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3 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction... 1 Overview of the Procedure... 2 Control Variables... 4 Data Variables... 4 Chapter 2 Getting Started... 6 Software Installation... 6 Backing Up the Software... 6 Chapter 3 Beginning & Running an Experiment... 7 Translating the MED-PC (.mpc) File... 7 Using the MED-PC Load Wizard... 7 Viewing/Changing Variable Values START Command Signal Show Display Macros Modifying the MedState Notation TM Code Chapter 4 Understanding the Data Sample Data File Breakdown of the Sample Data File Chapter 5 Training Procedures Nose Poke Training Correct Lever Training Two Lever Training Appendix A Contact Information ii -

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5 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This manual describes the MedState Notation procedures in the SOF-700RA-34 Stop Signal Reaction Time software package. These procedures are intended to be run in the Med Associates MED-PC software. MED-PC gives researchers the ability to use pre-programmed procedures such as these to make hardware control and data collection easy. These pre-programmed procedures can also be modified to meet the evolving demands of a research protocol. Again, it is the intent of this manual to explain exactly what these procedures implement, and provide guidance into how to interpret what the program code achieves in order to let the user determine how to modify them to match their research protocol demands. This manual provides some examples of editing and modifying the procedure s programming code. This manual also defines the elements in the raw data file produced by these procedures. In addition to this manual, refer to the MED-PC User s Manual, DOC-010 for the installation of the Med-Associates interface drivers and the MED-PC Software. Also refer to the User s Manual for instructions on developing a Hardware Configuration. Data file structure, file-saving format, and other related options are also determined by the Hardware Configuration. Run the Hardware Configuration software utility that accompanies MED-PC to define the Hardware Configuration. Its purpose is to assign the inputs and outputs on the interface cards in the interface cabinet for each task controlled by MED-PC. The particular type of interface card that is supplied in the interface cabinet may vary; please refer to the User s Manual provided for instructions on how to configure the type of card that is in the cabinet. A valid Hardware Configuration must exist in order for MED-PC to interface correctly with the Med Associates hardware. This means that one should take the time to create a valid Hardware Configuration before attempting to run the procedures included in this package. Default Chamber Configuration Default devices used in this procedure are listed below. 2 Retractable Levers Nose Poke Pellet Dispenser 2 Stimulus Lights Receptacle Light House Light Tone Generator Training Procedures Stop Signal Reaction Time includes 3 additional training procedures: (1) Nose Poke Training.mpc, (2) Correct Lever Training.mpc, and (3) Two Lever Training.mpc. These training procedures are intended to progressively train the subject for the Stop Signal Reaction Time.mpc procedure. See Chapter 5 Training Procedures

6 Overview of the Procedure When the program is started it will turn on the House Light and the Receptacle Light. The Subject will then have the Nose Poke (NP) Limited Hold Time to do a Nose Poke with no reward starting the first Trial. If the Subject does not respond to the Nose Poke within the NP Limited Hold Time, then the Latency to Nose Poke will be recorded as 0 (0 = No ), a Nose Poke Error will be recorded, an Incorrect Trial will be recorded, and all lights will be turned off for the Time Out period. At the end of the Time Out the program will turn the House Light back on and begin the Inter-Trial Interval (ITI). At the end of the ITI the program will turn on the Receptacle Light. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to do a Nose Poke with no reward starting the next Trial. If the Subject does respond to the Nose Poke within the NP Limited Hold Time, then the Latency to Nose Poke will be recorded, the Receptacle Light will be turned off, the First Lever will be extended, and the stimulus light over the First Lever will be turned on. The Subject will then have the First Lever Limited Hold Time to respond to the First Lever. If the Subject does not respond to the First Lever within the First Lever Limited Hold Time, then the lever will be retracted, a No Error will be recorded, an Incorrect Trial will be recorded, and all lights will be turned off for the Time Out period. At the end of the Time Out the program will turn the House Light back on and begin the ITI. At the end of the ITI the program will turn on the Receptacle Light. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to do a Nose Poke with no reward starting the next Trial. If the Subject responds to the Nose Poke during the First Lever Limited Hold Time, then the lever will be retracted, a Nose Poke Error will be recorded, the Latency to Error Nose Poke will be recorded, an Incorrect Trial will be recorded, and all lights will be turned off for the Time Out period. At the end of the Time Out the program will turn the House Light back on and begin the ITI. At the end of the ITI the program will turn on the Receptacle Light. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to do a Nose Poke with no reward starting the next Trial. If the Subject responds to the First Lever during the First Lever Limited Hold Time, then the lever will be retracted, the Latency to First Lever will be recorded, the stimulus light over the First Lever will be turned off, the Second Lever will be extended, and the stimulus light over the Second Lever will be turned on. The Subject must now respond to the Second Lever within the Second Lever Limited Hold Time Go if this is a Go Trial, or not respond to the Second Lever during the Second Lever Limited Hold Time Stop for Stop Trials, to receive a pellet. The program will randomly draw a value from List Z to determine if this Trial is a Go Trial or a Stop Trial. If the Trial is a Stop Trial, the program will begin the Stop Signal Delay and turn on the ANL-926 tone generator for the Duration, Frequency, and Amplitude specified. If this is a Go Trial and the Subject does not respond to the Second Lever within the Second Lever Limited Hold Time Go, then the lever will be retracted, a No Error will be recorded, an Incorrect Go Trial will be recorded, and all lights will be turned off for the Time Out period. At the end of the Time Out the program will turn the House Light back on and begin the ITI. At the end of the ITI the - 2 -

7 program will turn on the Receptacle Light. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to do a Nose Poke with no reward starting the next Trial. If this is a Go Trial and the Subject responds to the Nose Poke during the Second Lever Limited Hold Time Go, then the lever will be retracted, a Nose Poke Error will be recorded, the Latency to Error Nose Poke will be recorded, an Incorrect Go Trial will be recorded, and all lights will be turned off for the Time Out period. At the end of the Time Out the program will turn the House Light back on and begin the ITI. At the end of the ITI the program will turn on the Receptacle Light. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to do a Nose Poke with no reward starting the next Trial. If this is a Go Trial and the Subject responds to the Second Lever during the Second Lever Limited Hold Time Go, then the lever will be retracted, the Latency to Second Lever will be recorded, a Correct Go Trial will be recorded, the lever stimulus light will be turned off, the Receptacle Light will be turned on, and a pellet will be dispensed. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to retrieve the pellet starting the next Trial. If this is a Stop Trial and the Subject responds to the Nose Poke during the Second Lever Limited Hold Time Stop, then the lever will be retracted, a Nose Poke Error will be recorded, the Latency to Error Nose Poke will be recorded, an Incorrect Stop Trial will be recorded, and all lights will be turned off for the Time Out period. At the end of the Time Out the program will turn the House Light back on and begin the ITI. At the end of the ITI the program will turn on the Receptacle Light. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to do a Nose Poke with no reward starting the next Trial. If this is a Stop Trial and the Subject responds to the Second Lever during the Second Lever Limited Hold Time Stop after the tone onset, then the lever will be retracted, an Incorrect to Stop Signal Error will be recorded, the Latency to Second Lever will be recorded, an Incorrect Stop Trial will be recorded, and all lights will be turned off for the Time Out period. At the end of the Time Out the program will turn the House Light back on and begin the ITI. At the end of the ITI the program will turn on the Receptacle Light. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to do a Nose Poke with no reward starting the next Trial. If this is a Stop Trial and the Subject responds to the Second Lever during the Second Lever Limited Hold Time Stop, but before the tone onset, then the Trial will be reclassified as a Go Trial, the lever will be retracted, the Latency to Second Lever will be recorded, a Correct Go Trial will be recorded, the lever light will be turned off, the Receptacle Light will be turned on, and a pellet will be dispensed. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to retrieve the pellet starting the next Trial. Also the next Trial will automatically become a Stop Trial to keep the Go/Stop percentages correct. If this is a Stop Trial and the Subject does not respond to the Second Lever during the Second Lever Limited Hold Time Stop, then the lever will be retracted, the Latency to Second Lever will be recorded as 0, a Correct Stop Trial will be recorded, the lever light will be turned off, the Receptacle Light will be turned on, and a pellet will be dispensed. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to retrieve the pellet starting the next Trial. Program will end when the Session Time or Max Trials has been reached, whichever comes first

8 Control Variables Control variable are named variables that may be altered after the procedure is loaded in MED-PC and before the Start command is issued. If permanent changes to the default Control Variable values are desired, refer to Modifying the MedState Notation TM Code on page 14. Variable Name Session Time (minutes) Description The total amount of time for experiment unless the Maximum Number of Trials is met. Default Value 20 Max Trials Maximum number of trials in experiment. 200 Time Out (seconds) Punishment for incorrect response or failure to respond. 5 Inter-Trial Interval (seconds) Time between trials when no responses are recorded. 0 NP Limited Hold Time (seconds) Time that subject has to make a Nose Poke response. 30 First Lever (1=Left,2=Right) Determines which lever is considered First Lever. 1 First Lever Limited Hold Time (seconds) Time that subject has to make a First Lever response. 60 Second Lever Limited Hold Time Go (seconds) Time that subject has to make a Second Lever response in Go trials. 4 Second Lever Limited Hold Time Stop (seconds) Time that subject has to make a Second Lever response in Stop trials. 1 Stop Signal Delay (milliseconds) Time before the Stop Signal tone is initiated. 600 Stop Signal Duration (milliseconds) Length of the Stop Signal tone. 100 SoftCR Data Array (1=Yes,0=No) Determines whether or not an array containing SoftCR data is included in the data file. 1 Data Variables Summary Data Total correct and incorrect trials, percentage of correct and incorrect trials, mean response time between first and second lever (Correct Stop Trials are not included in this number), total correct and incorrect Go trials, and total correct and incorrect Stop trials are recorded in the summary data. Refer to Array B - Raw Data, page 17 for more detail

9 IRT Array and Event Pen Code for Soft Cumulative Recorder Summary information for SoftCR. Please refer to Array C SoftCR Data, page = Correct (Nose Poke, 1st Lever Press, 2nd Lever Press, No for Stop Trials) (Step).20 = Pellet Reinforcement (Pip).30 = Trial Ended and/or Incorrect (Pen Reset/Down).60 = House Light On (Event Pen "0" mark up).50 = House Light Off (Event Pen "0" baseline).61 = Receptacle Light On (Event Pen "1" mark up).51 = Receptacle Light Off (Event Pen "1" baseline).62 = 1st Lever Extended (Event Pen "2" mark up).52 = 1st Lever Retracted (Event Pen "2" baseline).63 = 2nd Lever Extended (Event Pen "3" mark up).53 = 2nd Lever Retracted (Event Pen "3" baseline).65/.55 = Nose Poke (Event Pen "5" spike).66/.56 = Left Lever (Event Pen "6" spike).67/.57 = Right Lever (Event Pen "7" spike) Trial by Trial Data Trial Number, Latency to Nose Poke (0=No ), Initial Nose Poke Error (1=Yes, 0=No), Latency to 1st Lever (0=No ), Error Type (0=Correct, 1=No, 2=Nose Poke), Latency to Error Nose Poke, Latency to 2nd Lever (0=No ), Error Type (0=Correct, 1=No, 2=Nose Poke, 3=Incorrect to Stop Signal), Latency to Error Nose Poke, and Stop or Go Trial (1=Go, 0=Stop) are recorded in the trial by trial data. Refer to Array D Raw Data, page 17 for more detail. Elapsed Time in Session The total time of the session defined by the user-defined Session Length or the user-defined Maximum Number of Trials. List Used for Determining Stop/Go Trials LIST Z = 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 (1=Go Trial, 0=Stop Trial). The procedure randomly selects from this list to determine whether the Trial is a Stop Trial or a Go trial, eliminating the selected number before the next random selection. When all numbers are used the list will repopulate and continue in this manner. The default list gives an 80% chance of a GO Trial and a 20% chance of a Stop Trial. If a 50% Stop/Go trial is desired, modifying LIST Z = 1, 0, 1, 0 (1=Go Trial, 0=Stop Trial) in the MedState Notation TM Code is required

10 CHAPTER 2 GETTING STARTED Software Installation Please refer to the MED-PC User s Manual for a complete guide to installing the MED-PC software, building a valid Hardware configuration with the Hardware Configuration utility, and opening and compiling a MedState Notation procedure in the Trans utility. To install the Stop Signal Reaction Time Software, insert the CD into the CD-ROM drive and click Install the Stop Signal Reaction Time Software. The procedure is copied into the indicated folder. If no prompt is automatically given after inserting the CD, browse to the CD drive in Windows Explorer and doubleclick autorun.exe. Backing Up the Software Med Associates strongly encourages creating backup copies of the programs in case of disk failure. Having copies of the original programs may be useful in the future should modifications be made to the existing programs

11 CHAPTER 3 BEGINNING & RUNNING AN EXPERIMENT Translating the MED-PC (.mpc) File Programs written in MedState Notation must be translated using Trans before they can be executed in MED-PC. Open Trans and select Translation Translate and Compile. Be sure to close MED-PC before performing any Make or Build action. Select the Stop Signal Reaction Time.mpc program and click Make. Click OK to start the translator, and it will automatically parse the MedState Notation and then open to a DOS screen to compile the Pascal code. Depending on the speed of the computer, each of these steps may not be seen. If any problems are encountered during this process, refer to the on-screen help menu or the MED-PC Version User s Manual, or contact for assistance. Figure 3.1 Trans Control Panel for Translating and Compiling MedState Notation Code Using the MED-PC Load Wizard MED-PC is designed to help the researcher run an experiment by guiding selection choices through its Experiment Loading Wizard. This section will describe how to initiate the Stop Signal Reaction Time.mpc application; however the following steps will also apply to all other.mpc procedures. Open MED-PC and the MED-PC Experiment Loading Wizard s Welcome screen, shown in Figure 3.2 will appear

12 Figure The MED-PC Loading Wizard Welcome Screen To avoid this load wizard, deselect the checkbox labeled Run this expert automatically when starting MED-PC. Close this screen by clicking the Close button. Closing this screen immediately reveals the MED-PC Run-Time Screen shown in Figure If the choice to continue with the Loading Wizard is made, then click the Next button. The Box Selection screen will appear next, as shown in Figure 3.3. From this screen the researcher chooses which boxes will be used in the experiment. Select the boxes that will run the experiment by clicking in the radio button next to the box number. The figure shows that the Hardware Configuration included only 1 box, which was selected. Click Next to continue. Figure The Box Selection Screen - 8 -

13 The Select a Procedure screen appears next, as seen in Figure 3.4. This is where the application to be run is selected. The screen displays a list of all the currently compiled procedures. Select the Stop Signal Reaction Time procedure and then click Next. Figure The Select a Procedure Screen The Enter Experiment Data Screen will display next, as shown in Figure 3.5. The purpose of this screen is to allow annotations to be added to the data file that is produced by MED-PC. These annotations will help identify the Subject, Experiment, and Experiment Group upon which data was collected. Comments can be added here as well, and the data file can be given a customized file name to help identify it from other data files. Enter the information desired, and click Next. Figure Enter Experiment Data Screen - 9 -

14 The next screen to appear is the Review Choices screen, as seen in Figure 3.6. This is a method of confirming that the information received from the Box/Procedure Selected is correct. If it is not correct, select Previous, and edit the data. If it is correct, select Next. Figure Review Choices Screen The Alter Session Parameters Screen, shown in Figure 3.7, is the next screen to appear, and is an important screen for the researcher. The Alter Session Parameters screen allows the researcher to alter the parameters by which a procedure executes. The Send Start Command Screen appears next. The options available on the screen vary depending upon how many boxes are described in the Hardware Configuration. Figure Alter Session Parameters Screen

15 In this example only one box is described in the Hardware Configuration, so Figure 3.8 will appear next. If more than one box is in the Hardware Configuration, then Figure 3.9 will appear. Figure Send Start Command Screen for Single Box Configuration Figure Send Start Command Screen for Multiple Box Configuration In both cases (Figure 3.8 and Figure 3.9), the screens are where the researcher decides to either load more boxes, send a start signal to boxes that are already loaded, or enter the MED-PC run-time environment without sending a start signal by selecting I am finished with the wizard." This option results in the screen shown in Figure Figure The MED-PC Run-Time Screen

16 Viewing/Changing Variable Values Variables can be viewed or changed by selecting Configure Change Variables, or clicking the 4th tool bar item X. In the lower left hand corner of the Change Variables window, find the Display Data from Box display, and choose the chamber(s) to modify. By clicking additional boxes in the Additional Boxes to Update section, changes made to a single box are automatically loaded to all of the selected boxes. Figure Changing Variables Screen The value of any variable may be viewed from this screen. Clicking an array on the table will show each element in that array, as shown in Figure To change a value, simply highlight and replace the value in the lower right hand box or use the up/down arrows to increment/decrement by 1. Click the Issue button for the change to take effect. Click Named Vars to produce the display in Figure Change variables here as needed. Figure Displaying Array A from Box

17 Figure Displaying Named Variables from Box 1 START Command Signal To send a START Command signal select Configure Signals, or click the 5th tool bar item to open the Send Signals window. The Issue START Command radio button is selected by default. Select the boxes you wish to start or choose Select All and click Issue to start the experiment for the selected boxes. See Figure Figure 3.14 Send Signals to Boxes Show Display Once any of the loaded boxes are started, MED-PC 's display will update with Labeled counters for Session Time, Total Correct and Incorrect Trials, Total Correct and Incorrect Go and Stop Trials, Trial number, and Latency to Nose Poke, 1 st Lever, and 2 nd Lever as seen below. Figure 3.15 Show Display

18 Macros A macro is a single instruction that expands automatically into a set of instructions to perform a particular task. The simplest way to initially create a macro is to record keyboard functions while performing the steps manually. Once the commands are in the macro, it is easy to create a number of macros with the macro editor. The following example illustrates the process of loading Box 1 and changing the Session Time to 10 minutes. To begin, open MED-PC. Close the load wizard, if present. Before loading or opening the procedure, click Macro on the main menu and select Turn On Macro Recorder or click the 8th tool bar item with the cassette tape icon. A note on the bottom of the display indicates that the recorder is running. Open Stop Signal Reaction Time.mpc by clicking File Open Session. Change the variables using any of the methods described above. When all settings have been made, turn the recorder off again by using the main menu or tool bar. Save the macro with a distinctive name. The example in Figure 3.16 was named StopSignalReactionTime_10min.mac since the Session Time was changed to 10 minutes. Figure 3.16 StopSignalReactionTime_10min.mac Review the Help file on screen or the MED-PC User s Manual for more information on macros and the features offered. A START command or message box followed by a START command could be added to the macro (it was left off here so changes could be verified before starting the procedure). Modifying the MedState Notation TM Code Permanent changes to the Stop Signal Reaction Time procedure can be made to the MedState Notation code. To make the same change to the Session Time as shown above, do the following. Open Trans IV and select File Open to place Stop Signal Reaction Time.mpc into the text editor. Scroll down to approximately line 284 (note the line counter on the left hand side of the editor) to reveal the code shown in Figure Figure 3.17 Stop Signal Reaction Time.mpc Line 121 Change A(^Session) = 20 to A(^Session) = 10 and save the changes with the same or a new file name such as SSRT_10min.mpc. Remember, if creating a new.mpc file name and are using a macro to load boxes, the file name in the macro also must be changed. Translate and compile the new or changed file as described previously and run MED-PC IV. Use the Change Variables screen to view/confirm the new values

19 CHAPTER 4 UNDERSTANDING THE DATA Data can be saved manually by selecting FILE SAVE DATA MANUALLY or FILE SAVE DATA (FLUSH) from the MED-PC menu. Otherwise the data will be saved to the location and with the naming convention specified in the Hardware Configuration Utility. The file name that is used to save the data in depends on the option that was chosen in the Hardware Configuration Utility and may also be dependent on the Subject, Experiment, and Group name provided in the MED-PC load wizard. Within each data file, the headings are created for each Subject, Experiment, Group, Box, etc., (see below). Data files may be opened with Notepad, WordPad, or any word processor or spreadsheet; however, be sure they are always saved unformatted in case a data extraction utility such as MED-PC to Excel might ever be used. Data file formats are explained in detail in the MED-PC User s Manual. Sample Data File

20 Breakdown of the Sample Data File Working Variables The following variables are shown immediately following the header information: E: Not Used F: Not Used G: Not Used H: Not Used I: Subscript for IRT Array C J: Index into Trial by Trial Data Array D K: Trial Counter L: Not Used M: Not Used N: Not Used O: Not Used P: Not Used Q: Not Used R: Not Used S: Elapsed Time in Seconds T: Time in 0.01 sec Increments for SoftCR Data U: Not Used V: Not Used W: Not Used X: Not Used Y: Not Used Arrays The arrays are presented in rows of 10 elements each as defined by the DISKCOLUMNS element on line 260. The first row begins with element 0 and ends with element 9; the second row begins with element 10 and ends with element 19, etc. Each row begins with an element marker followed by a colon, 0:, 10:, 20:, 30:, 40:, 50:, etc. Size of Array C was set to with the DIM command, which means that Array C was defined for data points. Under MED-PC Version IV, this array may be enlarged up to 1 million elements; however, 10,000 were felt to be adequate for this application. An end of array seal will limit the saved file to only those elements used during the running of the procedure. Each array has been defined in the comments section at the beginning of the.mpc file. That information was used to add the following labels to each array. The lines were expanded to make room for the labels. MPC2XL allows the default MED-PC data file to be exported to a labeled Microsoft Excel sheet. Stop Signal Reaction Time.MTP (Med Table Profile) ships with SOF-700RA-34 and is located in the MED-PC IV/Data folder. Refer to the MPC2XL User s Manual, DOC-036 on how to export data to Microsoft Excel and producing labeled data files with all or just some of the information below

21 Array A Raw Data Array A contains the values of each of the control variables. The default values for each of these variables are shown below. Array A Labeled Row Marker A(0) A(1) A(2) A(3) A(4) A(5) A(6) A(7) A(8) A(9) Session Time (min) Max Trials Time out (sec) Inter- Trial Interval (sec) NP Limited Hold Time (sec) First Lever (1=Left 2=Right) First Lever Limited Hold Time (sec) Second Lever Limited Hold Time Go (sec) Second Lever Limited Hold Time Stop (sec) 0: Row Marker A(10) A(11) A(12) A(13) A(14) A(15) A(16) Stop Signal Duration (ms) SoftCR Data Array (1=Yes 0=No) Second Lever (1=Left 2=Right) Time out (med ticks) Inter- Trial Interval (med ticks) Stop Signal Delay (med ticks) Stop Signal Duration (med ticks) 10: Stop Signal Delay (ms) Array B - Raw Data Array B is used for summary data variables and may change as the session runs. All elements will be updated according to a subject's responses. Array B - Labeled Row Marker B(0) B(1) B(2) B(3) B(4) B(5) B(6) B(7) B(8) Total Correct Trials Total Incorrect Trials Percent Correct Percent Incorrect Mean Time Between First and Second Lever Total Correct Go Trials Total Incorrect Go Trials Total Correct Stop Trials Total Incorrect Stop Trials 0:

22 Array C SoftCR Data The Soft Cumulative Recorder (SoftCR) software package allows the user to produce screen and printer plots of MED-PC data. Array C contains summary information for SoftCR. The value of every variable conforms to the Data Element Format described. NOTE: In this program SoftCR data is saved in Relative Mode with a 10ms Resolution. Please refer to the SoftCR User's Manual, DOC-034 for more information. time values are represented in SoftCR ticks. To calculate when a has occurred in real time, multiply the number by 0.01 sec since SoftCR s data resolution is 10ms (0.01 sec). For example, value in C (2) is 268 ticks. 268 multiplied by 0.01 sec yields 2.68 seconds. This is when the first response occurred in real time after program has started. Each response is relative to the previous there after, for example the next response C (7) was 3.38 seconds after the first response (2.68s s = 6.06s). The number after the decimal represents the event pen, the ###.65 indicates that the event pen 5 is set to mark up, the ###.55 indicates that the event pen 5 is set to level 0 (down or at baseline). Zero time between the.6 code and the.5 code will produce a "spike" on the event line. Refer to IRT Array and Event Pen Code for Soft Cumulative Recorder, on page 5 for event pen definitions. Array C - Labeled Row Marker C(0) C(1) C(2) C(3) C(4) C(5) C(6) C(7) C(8) C(9) House Light On Receptacle Light On Nose Poke End Spike Correct Receptacle Light Off 1st Lever Extended Left Lever End Spike Correct 0: C(10) C(11) C(12) C(13) C(14) C(15) C(16) C(17) C(18) C(19) Right 2nd Nose 1st Lever 2nd Lever End Correct Trial Receptacle Row Lever Pellet Lever Poke Retracted Extended Spike Ended Light On Marker Retracted 10:

23 Array D Raw Data Array D is used for trial by trial data variables and may change as the session runs. All elements will be updated according to a subject's responses. Array D Labeled Row Marker D(0) D(1) D(2) D(3) D(4) D(5) D(6) D(7) D(8) D(9) Trial Number Latency to Nose Poke (0=No ) Initial Nose Poke Error (1=Yes 0=No) Latency to 1st Lever (0=No ) Error Type (0=Correct 1=No 2=Nose Poke) Latency to Error Nose Poke Latency to 2nd Lever (0=No ) Error Type (0=Correct 1=No 2=Nose Poke 3=Incorrect to Stop Signal) Latency to Error Nose Poke Stop or Go Trial (1=Go 0=Stop) 0: D(10) D(11) D(12) D(13) D(14) D(15) D(16) D(17) D(18) D(19) Row Marker Trial Number Latency to Nose Poke (0=No ) Initial Nose Poke Error (1=Yes 0=No) Latency to 1st Lever (0=No ) Error Type (0=Correct 1=No 2=Nose Poke) Latency to Error Nose Poke Latency to 2nd Lever (0=No ) Error Type (0=Correct 1=No 2=Nose Poke 3=Incorrect to Stop Signal) Latency to Error Nose Poke 10: Stop or Go Trial (1=Go 0=Stop) List Z Raw Data List Z is used for Determining Stop/Go Trials (1=Go Trial, 0=Stop Trial). Row B(0) B(1) B(2) B(3) B(4) Marker Go Trial Go Trial Stop Trial Go Trial Go Trial 0:

24 CHAPTER 5 TRAINING PROCEDURES Nose Poke Training When the Nose Poke Training program is started it will turn on the House Light, the Receptacle Light, and issue the first pellet. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to retrieve the pellet. If the Subject does not respond to the Nose Poke within the NP Limited Hold Time, then the Latency to Nose Poke will be recorded as 0 (0 = No ), a Nose Poke Error in D(J+2) will be recorded, an Incorrect Trial will be recorded, and all lights will be turned off for the Time Out period. At the end of the Time Out the program will turn the House Light back on and time the Inter-Trial Interval (ITI). At the end of the ITI the program will turn on the Receptacle Light. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to retrieve the pellet. If the Subject does respond to the Nose Poke within the NP Limited Hold Time, then a Correct Trial will be recorded, the Latency to Nose Poke will be recorded, and the Receptacle Light will be turned off for the ITI. At the end of the ITI the program will turn on the Receptacle Light and dispense one pellet. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to retrieve the pellet. Program will end when the Session Time or Max Trials has been reached, whichever comes first. Control Variables Array A Variable Name Session Time (minutes) Description The total amount of time for experiment unless the Maximum Number of Trials is met. Default Value 15 Max Trials Maximum number of trials in experiment. 30 Time Out (seconds) Punishment for incorrect response or failure to respond. 5 Inter-Trial Interval (seconds) Time between trials when no responses are recorded. 10 NP Limited Hold Time (seconds) Time that subject has to make a Nose Poke response. 30 SoftCR Data Array (1=Yes,0=No) Summary Data Array B B(0) = Total Correct Trials B(1) = Total Incorrect Trials B(2) = % Correct B(3) = % Incorrect Determines whether or not an array containing SoftCR data is included in the data file. 1 IRT Array and Event Pen Code for Soft Cumulative Recorder Array C.10 = Correct (Nose Poke) (Step).20 = Pellet Reinforcement (Pip).30 = Trial Ended and/or Incorrect (Pen Reset/Down).60 = House Light On (Event Pen "0" mark up)

25 .50 = House Light Off (Event Pen "0" baseline).61 = Receptacle Light On (Event Pen "1" mark up).51 = Receptacle Light Off (Event Pen "1" baseline).65/.55 = Nose Poke (Event Pen "5" spike) Trial by Trial Data Array D D(J) = Trial Number D(J+1) = Latency to Nose Poke (0=No ) D(J+2) = Nose Poke Error (1=Yes 0=No) Elapsed Time in Session Variable S S = Elapsed Session Time Correct Lever Training When the Correct Lever Training program is started it will turn on the House Light, the Receptacle Light, and issue the first pellet. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to retrieve the pellet starting the first Trial. If the Subject does not respond to the Nose Poke within the NP Limited Hold Time, then the Latency to Nose Poke will be recorded as 0 (0 = No ), a Nose Poke Error will be recorded, an Incorrect Trial will be recorded, and all lights will be turned off for the Time Out period. At the end of the Time Out the program will turn the House Light back on and begin the Inter-Trial Interval (ITI). At the end of the ITI the program will turn on the Receptacle Light. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to retrieve the pellet starting the next Trial. If the Subject does respond to the Nose Poke within the NP Limited Hold Time, then the Latency to Nose Poke will be recorded, the Receptacle Light will be turned off, the Correct Lever will be extended, and the stimulus light over the Correct Lever will be turned on. The Subject will then have the Correct Lever Limited Hold Time to respond to the Correct Lever. If the Subject does not respond to the Correct Lever within the Correct Lever Limited Hold Time, then the lever will be retracted, a No Error will be recorded, an Incorrect Trial will be recorded, and all lights will be turned off for the Time Out period. At the end of the Time Out the program will turn the House Light back on and begin the ITI. At the end of the ITI the program will turn on the Receptacle Light. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to do a Nose Poke with no reward starting the next Trial. If the Subject responds to the Nose Poke during the Correct Lever Limited Hold Time, then the lever will be retracted, a Nose Poke Error will be recorded, the Latency to Error Nose Poke will be recorded, an Incorrect Trial will be recorded, and all lights will be turned off for the Time Out period. At the end of the Time Out the program will turn the House Light back on and begin the ITI. At the end of the ITI the program will turn on the Receptacle Light. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to do a Nose Poke with no reward starting the next Trial. If the Subject responds to the Correct Lever during the Correct Lever Limited Hold Time, then the lever will be retracted, the Latency to Correct Lever will be recorded, a Correct Trial will be

26 recorded, the lever stimulus light will be turned off, the Receptacle Light will be turned on, and a pellet will be dispensed. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to retrieve the pellet starting the next Trial. Program will end when the Session Time or Max Trials has been reached, whichever comes first. Control Variables Array A Variable Name Session Time (minutes) Description The total amount of time for experiment unless the Maximum Number of Trials is met. Default Value 20 Max Trials Maximum number of trials in experiment. 200 Time Out (seconds) Punishment for incorrect response or failure to respond. 5 Inter-Trial Interval (seconds) Time between trials when no responses are recorded. 0 NP Limited Hold Time (seconds) Time that subject has to make a Nose Poke response. 30 Correct Lever (1=Left,2=Right) Determines which lever is considered Correct Lever. 1 Correct Lever Limited Hold Time (seconds) Time that subject has to make a Correct Lever response. 60 SoftCR Data Array (1=Yes,0=No) Summary Data Array B B() = Trial Results B(0) = Total Correct Trials B(1) = Total Incorrect Trials B(2) = % Correct B(3) = % Incorrect Determines whether or not an array containing SoftCR data is included in the data file. 1 IRT and Event Pen Code for Soft Cumulative Recorder Array C.10 = Correct (Nose Poke, Correct Lever) (Step).20 = Pellet Reinforcement (Pip).30 = Trial Ended and/or Incorrect (Pen Reset/Down).60 = House Light On (Event Pen "0" mark up).50 = House Light Off (Event Pen "0" baseline).61 = Receptacle Light On (Event Pen "1" mark up).51 = Receptacle Light Off (Event Pen "1" baseline).62 = Correct Lever Extended (Event Pen "2" mark up).52 = Correct Lever Retracted (Event Pen "2" baseline).65/.55 = Nose Poke (Event Pen "5" spike).66/.56 = Left Lever (Event Pen "6" spike).67/.57 = Right Lever (Event Pen "7" spike)

27 Trial by Trial Data Array D D(J) = Trial Number D(J+1) = Latency to Nose Poke (0=No ) D(J+2) = Initial Nose Poke Error (1=Yes 0=No) D(J+3) = Latency to Correct Lever (0=No ) D(J+4) = Error Type (0=Correct 1=No 2=Nose Poke) D(J+5) = Latency to Error Nose Poke Elapsed Time in Session Variable S S = Elapsed Session Time Two Lever Training When the Two Lever Training program is started it will turn on the House Light, the Receptacle Light, and issue the first pellet. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to retrieve the pellet starting the first Trial. If the Subject does not respond to the Nose Poke within the NP Limited Hold Time, then the Latency to Nose Poke will be recorded as 0 (0 = No ), a Nose Poke Error will be recorded, an Incorrect Trial will be recorded, and all lights will be turned off for the Time Out period. At the end of the Time Out the program will turn the House Light back on and begin the Inter-Trial Interval (ITI). At the end of the ITI the program will turn on the Receptacle Light. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to retrieve the pellet starting the next Trial. If the Subject does respond to the Nose Poke within the NP Limited Hold Time, then the Latency to Nose Poke will be recorded, the Receptacle Light will be turned off, the First Lever will be extended, and the stimulus light over the First Lever will be turned on. The Subject will then have the First Lever Limited Hold Time to respond to the First Lever. If the Subject does not respond to the First Lever within the First Lever Limited Hold Time, then the lever will be retracted, a No Error will be recorded, an Incorrect Trial will be recorded, and all lights will be turned off for the Time Out period. At the end of the Time Out the program will turn the House Light back on and begin the ITI. At the end of the ITI the program will turn on the Receptacle Light. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to do a Nose Poke with no reward starting the next Trial. If the Subject responds to the Nose Poke during the First Lever Limited Hold Time, then the lever will be retracted, a Nose Poke Error will be recorded, the Latency to Error Nose Poke will be recorded, an Incorrect Trial will be recorded, and all lights will be turned off for the Time Out period. At the end of the Time Out the program will turn the House Light back on and begin the ITI. At the end of the ITI the program will turn on the Receptacle Light. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to do a Nose Poke with no reward starting the next Trial. If the Subject responds to the First Lever during the First Lever Limited Hold Time, then the lever will be retracted, the Latency to First Lever will be recorded, the stimulus light over the First Lever will be turned off, the Second Lever will be extended, and the stimulus light over the Second Lever will

28 be turned on. The Subject will then have the Second Lever Limited Hold Time to respond to the Second Lever. If the Subject does not respond to the Second Lever within the Second Lever Limited Hold Time, then the lever will be retracted, a No Error will be recorded, an Incorrect Trial will be recorded, and all lights will be turned off for the Time Out period. At the end of the Time Out the program will turn the House Light back on and begin the ITI. At the end of the ITI the program will turn on the Receptacle Light. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to do a Nose Poke with no reward starting the next Trial. If the Subject responds to the Nose Poke during the Second Lever Limited Hold Time, then the lever will be retracted, a Nose Poke Error will be recorded, the Latency to Error Nose Poke will be recorded, an Incorrect Trial will be recorded, and all lights will be turned off for the Time Out period. At the end of the Time Out the program will turn the House Light back on and begin the ITI. At the end of the ITI the program will turn on the Receptacle Light. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to do a Nose Poke with no reward starting the next Trial. If the Subject responds to the Second Lever during the Second Lever Limited Hold Time, then the lever will be retracted, the Latency to Second Lever will be recorded, a Correct Trial will be recorded, the lever stimulus light will be turned off, the Receptacle Light will be turned on, and a pellet will be dispensed. The Subject will then have the NP Limited Hold Time to retrieve the pellet starting the next Trial. Program will end when the Session Time or Max Trials has been reached, whichever comes first. Control Variables Array A Variable Name Session Time (minutes) Description The total amount of time for experiment unless the Maximum Number of Trials is met. Default Value 20 Max Trials Maximum number of trials in experiment. 200 Time Out (seconds) Punishment for incorrect response or failure to respond. 5 Inter-Trial Interval (seconds) Time between trials when no responses are recorded. 0 NP Limited Hold Time (seconds) Time that subject has to make a Nose Poke response. 30 First Lever (1=Left,2=Right) Determines which lever is considered First Lever. 1 First Lever Limited Hold Time (seconds) Time that subject has to make a First Lever response. 60 Second Lever Limited Hold Time Go (seconds) Time that subject has to make a Second Lever response in Go trials. 4 Second Lever Limited Hold Time Stop (seconds) SoftCR Data Array (1=Yes,0=No) Time that subject has to make a Second Lever response in Stop trials. Determines whether or not an array containing SoftCR data is included in the data file

29 Summary Data Array B B(0) = Total Correct Trials B(1) = Total Incorrect Trials B(2) = % Correct B(3) = % Incorrect B(4) = Mean Time Between First and Second Lever IRT Array and Event Pen Code for Soft Cumulative Recorder Array C.10 = Correct (Nose Poke, 1st Lever Press, 2nd Lever Press, No for Stop Trials) (Step).20 = Pellet Reinforcement (Pip).30 = Trial Ended and/or Incorrect (Pen Reset/Down).60 = House Light On (Event Pen "0" mark up).50 = House Light Off (Event Pen "0" baseline).61 = Receptacle Light On (Event Pen "1" mark up).51 = Receptacle Light Off (Event Pen "1" baseline).62 = 1st Lever Extended (Event Pen "2" mark up).52 = 1st Lever Retracted (Event Pen "2" baseline).63 = 2nd Lever Extended (Event Pen "3" mark up).53 = 2nd Lever Retracted (Event Pen "3" baseline).65/.55 = Nose Poke (Event Pen "5" spike).66/.56 = Left Lever (Event Pen "6" spike).67/.57 = Right Lever (Event Pen "7" spike) Trial by Trial Data Array D D(J) = Trial Number D(J+1) = Latency to Nose Poke (0=No ) D(J+2) = Initial Nose Poke Error (1=Yes 0=No) D(J+3) = Latency to 1st Lever (0=No ) D(J+4) = Error Type (0=Correct 1=No 2=Nose Poke) D(J+5) = Latency to Error Nose Poke D(J+6) = Latency to 2nd Lever (0=No ) D(J+7) = Error Type (0=Correct 1=No 2=Nose Poke) D(J+8) = Latency to Error Nose Poke Elapsed Time in Session Variable S S = Elapsed Session Time APPENDIX A CONTACT INFORMATION Please contact for information regarding any of our products. Visit our website at for contact information. For technical questions, support@med-associates.com