Quick Start Guide. Delivered by. Support: Training:

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1 Quick Start Guide For support and training on the full range of CSC products, please contact Support: Training: Delivered by

2 Contents 1.0 Introducing Solve Introduction Training Guide Conventions - this is the main topic title This is a sub-topic title Screen Layout Example Structure Details Views & Plans Structure Data Constructing the model Starting a New Project Settings Construction Levels & Grids Construction Levels Creating Gridlines DXF Import Rectangular Grid Wizard Additional Gridlines Selecting Objects for Editing Clearing Selection The Structure-3D View & Scene Content Navigation and the Navigation Cube Zoom, Pan & Rotate Dimensions Creating Dimensions Deleting Objects & Undo Creating Columns Supports Column Supports Deleting Columns Editing Members Creating Beams Opening a 2D Floor View Automatic Beam Creation Editing Member Releases The Solver View Member Local Axes & Force Convention Creating Slabs Copying Floors & Identical Floors Bracing Creating Frames for 2D Elevations Creating bracing Brace Patterns Copying Objects

3 3.0 Loading, Load cases & Combinations Load Cases Creating a Level Load Slab Loads Re-set floor(s) to be unique Member Loads Edit Load Values Load Combinations Validation: Model & Loading Validate Decompose Load Analysis Loading Summary Tables Results View Analysis Results Results in 2D view Filtering Results Numerical Input/Results Data Individual Element Results Reports and Drawings Reports Structure Reports Creating/ Editing Reports Report Filters Applying Report Filters Drawings Next Steps Next Steps & Resources Solve Help Training & Online Resources Add a pitched roof structure Construction lines Adding & Loading Roof Panels Wall Panels & Lateral Area Loads Adding Wall Panels Creating Wind Loading Combinations and Re-analysing

4 Introducing Solve Introduction 1.0 Introducing Solve 3

5 Introducing Solve Introduction 1.1 Introduction Welcome to Solve and this Quick Start Guide. The guide is designed for you to do and to follow rather than just read. First and foremost it is intended to be brief while remaining effective - this is necessarily a compromise on the extent of coverage. Please note the following points: The structure demonstrated is not intended to be realistic and practical in all respects. Some steps have been chosen to demonstrate options available and so are not necessarily the most efficient or recommended method of modelling in practice. If the Guide appears long at first glance bear in mind it is mostly composed of pictures of the program! 1.2 Training Solve is a powerful and flexible program which can be used to model and analyse a vast range of structural forms and materials and which a brief guide cannot fully address. In addition you may well have limited time to teach yourself its use. Consider making use of CSC s proven Training Resources to become productive with Solve in the shortest possible time. You can find details of these on the CSC website at - just follow the links for Learning. 4

6 Introducing Solve Guide Conventions - this is the main topic title 1.3 Guide Conventions - this is the main topic title This section explains the conventions of style - the text font and bullet etc. - used in the guide. This text below a heading title introduces the topic and/or explains briefly what you are going to do in this section This is a sub-topic title This style and bullet indicates an Action - these tell you what actions to take and input to make This style and bullet gives information Annotated screenshots like this one directly below will help guide you on the steps to take and show you how your Solve screen should look: 1.4 Screen Layout The initial installation will create a standard program setup similar to that shown below. Window sizes and locations can be customised. Briefly the main parts are: The Ribbon - command and settings buttons arranged in a number of task-based tabs The Project Workspace - lists of structure parts, elements and information The Modelling View - graphical views of the structure where the model can be created, viewed and edited The Properties Grid - displays the properties of structure members and parts for viewing and editing The Scene Content - on/off settings for structure objects and information The Process Window - displays the progress of analysis 5

7 Introducing Solve Example Structure Details 1.5 Example Structure Details We will construct the following structure in the guide Views & Plans 3D View Plan views Grid and column layout 6

8 Introducing Solve Example Structure Details Beam and slab layout - all floors Structure Data Description Design Code = United Kingdom (Eurocode) 2 x 6.0m bay by 2 x 4.0 m bay in X and Y directions respectively, 2 storeys of 4.00 m 2-way insitu slab in two bays and a 1-way steel decking slab on secondary beams in remaining bays Off Grid columns as shown Lateral stability provided by: Loading Information braced bays between grid points B2a-B3 and A3-B3 a moment frame formed by columns and beams on grid points A1-B1 Self-Weight of frame = Automatically Applied Slab Dead load = Automatically Applied Dead finishes area load all floors = 0.5 kn/m 2 Dead perimeter beam wall load 1 st floor only = 8.0 kn/m Services area load all floors = 1.0 kn/m 2 Imposed area load on 1-way slab 1 st floor only = 2.5 kn/m 2 Imposed area load on 2-way slab 1 st floor only = 4.0 kn/m 2 Roof Imposed area load all slabs = 0.6 kn/m 2 7

9 Introducing Solve Example Structure Details 8

10 Constructing the model Example Structure Details 2.0 Constructing the model 9

11 Constructing the model Starting a New Project 2.1 Starting a New Project Settings Launch Solve and click the Settings button on the Home Ribbon tab Select Design Codes from the options to the left, then select the Head Code you wish to use e.g. = United Kingdom (Eurocode) Note that this determines the design code-based features in the program such as: Materials and generated Load Combinations Review Section Defaults - new members will have these sizes by default. You can change these as you wish by clicking on the Section name to open a dialog where you can make changes Make any changes you wish then OK this dialog Click the New button on the Home Ribbon tab - a new file will open To enter some information about the Project, click the Project Wiki button on the Home Ribbon tab 10

12 Constructing the model Construction Levels & Grids Note that you can make changes to the settings of existing files via Model Settings Materials can be viewed and added to via the Materials button 2.2 Construction Levels & Grids Construction levels, gridlines and constructions lines create intersection points on which structural elements are defined Construction Levels Select the Model Ribbon tab then click the Construction Levels button Click the Insert Above button Type 4 in the Level 1 input box Click Insert Above again - the new level will automatically be spaced at 4.0m. Enter names for the levels if you wish. OK the dialog to create these levels. 11

13 Constructing the model Creating Gridlines 2.3 Creating Gridlines You can define grid lines quickly and simply in Solve. Alternatively you can import them into your model from a DXF file DXF Import This option is available on the Model Ribbon tab via the drop-list of Grid Options as follows: The DXF import has options to either create gridlines or display a shadow image of DXF for tracing gridlines over. 12

14 Constructing the model Creating Gridlines Rectangular Grid Wizard In this example we will create an arrangement of gridlines using the Wizard and manual entering of a line. Click on the Rectangular Wizard option under the Grid Line button to open the Rectangular Grid Wizard The first page of the wizard allows you to enter a name for the grid and set which levels it will appear on (these can be changed after creation if necessary). Click the Next button to continue and enter the following: Set the orthogonal grid origin position of X=0, Y=0 : accept the default values and click Next The next dialog will ask you about the Direction of gridlines you wish to generate and the line style you wish to use; accept the default settings again and press Next>. For the X direction spacing enter 2x 6.00m bays as follows, then Next 13

15 Constructing the model Creating Gridlines For the Y direction spacing enter 2x 4.00m bays as follows Note that selecting the Irregular option allows you can enter in absolute values, using a comma as a separator. For example 6,2,5,4 (m) or 3x6 for 3 bays at 6m. Further pages give options to set the Rotation and the Axis Angle of the grid layout relative to the Global X and Y coordinates - examine these if you wish but do not change the default values. Click Finish to create the Grid system: 14

16 Constructing the model Creating Gridlines Additional Gridlines The Ribbon Grid button displays the last option chosen from the Grid commands - click the drop-down arrow below the button to see other options. We wish to add a gridline parallel to and 0.75m above the current horizontal gridline 2 - there is a specific function for doing this: From the drop down list under the Grid button select Parallel (quick) This will begin the operation which is indicated by the yellow information bar now shown at the top of the view. This gives tips about the next step required in the operation Click once on gridline 2 to select it as the reference line Move the cursor upwards to specify the offset direction You can now click at any point to enter a gridline at that distance - however we wish to enter a precise distance The distance entry box informs you that you can press the F2 key to edit the distance: We will do this - click the F2 key on your keyboard to access the entry box, then type in 0.75 as shown below 15

17 Constructing the model Selecting Objects for Editing Click the Enter button on your keyboard to enter the gridline To exit the operation press the keyboard Escape key a number of times - alternatively you can double right-click using your mouse to do this. When the yellow information bar disappears this tells you that the operation is closed 2.4 Selecting Objects for Editing Grid Line Properties To change the properties of any Grid Lines we Select the gridline object We will re-reference the Grid Line we have just entered to 2a Left click on the new gridline - it will now be coloured with the select colour Now look at the Properties Grid and you will see properties for the selected gridline displayed Enter the new name 2a by clicking in the User Name box and typing it in Press the keyboard Enter key to update this change Many objects can be given a user name in this manner Clearing Selection Selected objects remain selected until we clear the selection: to do this press the keyboard Escape key or double right-click using the mouse 16

18 Constructing the model The Structure-3D View & Scene Content 2.5 The Structure-3D View & Scene Content When you have several structural objects on the screen, together with their text labels and rendering style you may find that the model display becomes cluttered and difficult to use. The Scene Content allows you to configure what is displayed in the current view. To obtain a 3D view of the Grid System and Levels select the Structure 3D view tab Open the Scene Content Window by moving your cursor over the Scene Content tab to the top right of the view Note you can click the pin icon on the Scene Context header to pin it open if you wish Turn on the grid on all levels then turn off the Text2D option as follows: If necessary, to update the scene after changes, right-click on an empty area of the view - this will open the Context Menu. From this choose Redraw The view Context Menu also gives quick access to; Undo/Redo, Copy, Zoom Out and an option to Save Screenshot which creates a picture of the current view (in the same directory as the file) 17

19 Constructing the model The Structure-3D View & Scene Content Navigation and the Navigation Cube Move the cursor over the Navigation Cube to activate it Click on a Corner, Edge or Face to move the view to the one you wish to see Zoom, Pan & Rotate You can also navigate manually as follows in the 3D view: Scroll Mouse Wheel to Zoom Hold down mouse wheel and move cursor to Pan Hold down right mouse button and move cursor to Rotate: Move the cursor vertically to rotate about a horizontal axis Move the cursor horizontally to rotate about a vertical axis In a 2D view hold down right mouse button and move vertically will Zoom Practice some of these techniques 18

20 Constructing the model Dimensions 2.6 Dimensions Creating Dimensions A dimension can be added in either the 2D views or the 3D structure view. Select the St. Base (Base) 2D view then click the Dimension button Model Ribbon to start the dimension operation - the operation information bar tells you what to do: Click a grid intersection to start a dimension line Move cursor to another grid intersection (note - do not click-and-drag) and click this to define the end of the dimensioned points Now move the cursor perpendicular to the dimension line - this allows you to offset the dimension. Use the F2 option as before to type in an exact offset if you wish Add some dimensions if you wish To exit the operation press the keyboard Escape key Ensure Dimensions are turned on in the Scene Content to see them Deleting Objects & Undo Pick Delete from the Quick Access toolbar and click a dimension line you wish to delete Any Structural element can be deleted in the same manner in any of the views plan, elevation or structural 3D view During the Delete Operation, place the mouse pointer over the object and you will notice that the object that is about to be deleted will become highlighted. It will not be deleted until you click the highlighted object. Click Undo from the Quick Access toolbar to undo a delete you did not intend To exit the Delete operation, press the keyboard Escape key or double right-mouse click. 19

21 Constructing the model Creating Columns 2.7 Creating Columns We wish to create the following arrangement of columns first. These will be the full height of the building. Columns can be created in both 2D and 3D views. Select the 2D Base view if you do not currently have it open Click the Steel Column button to begin the Create Steel Column operation Note the Properties Grid now displays the properties of the columns to be created e.g. the column start and end levels, rotation and the section size. These can be adjusted before creation. Accept these defaults for now. Click-and-drag a fence or window to enclose all the grid line intersections at the top of the grid: A3,B3 and C3 as shown below: 20

22 Constructing the model Creating Columns When you let go of the cursor the columns are created - this is often the most efficient way to create columns. Create the following additional columns in the same manner using two fence operations: A2a, B2a, A1, B1 and C1 Create the final column with a single click on Grid intersection C2 To exit the Create Column operation, press the keyboard Escape key or double right-mouse click. 21

23 Constructing the model Creating Columns Viewing the Structure in 3D Currently all the operations that have been performed have been in the Plan-2D view. We can also model the structure in 3D, 2D elevations and Inclined Planes. To obtain a Structure-3D view of the model, click on the Structure 3D tab at the top of the View. Check you have entered the columns with the correct locations and height Note the orientation of the columns - zoom in using the Mouse Wheel to do this. They have the default rotation of 0 in which the major axis is parallel to the Global X-axis (horizontal) on plan Supports If a support is not attached to a column - e.g. is directly supporting a beam - then it has a rotation of 0 and its axes are aligned with the Global Axis System which is shown by the Axis System icon The figure below shows the support axes, fixity and Reaction names and convention The following table lists the convention for support fixities and Reactions Support Fixity/ Force Reaction Name Fx Translation/ shear in the X-axis direction F minor Fy Translation/ shear in the Y-axis direction F major Fz Translation/ shear in the Z-axis direction (vertical) F vert Mx Rotation/ moment about the X-axis M major My Rotation/ moment about the Y-axis M minor Mz Rotation/ moment about the Z-axis (support torsion) Mz 22

24 Constructing the model Creating Columns The reaction names are used in the Foundation Report output and follow the convention for a column support orientation shown in section below Support fixities and angle can be altered via the properties grid Column Supports You will note that a support is automatically added to the base of the columns - what are the settings for these? Left-click a support to select it - you can then view its settings in the Properties Grid as shown below The default column support fixities can now be seen. These can be edited if you wish To understand the orientation of the support, refer to the convention explanation below and the figure below right A column support is a special case. The support angle is fixed to that of the column and cannot be edited directly. Thus if the column rotation is changed the support automatically follows this. See the diagram to the right which shows a vertical column and the +ve reaction forces. The column support Y-axis is always aligned with the column local z-axis (see section below for more details of member local axis system) and the support Z-axis is always aligned with the Global Z-axis. The support X-axis is orthogonal to these following the Right Hand rule (index finger along X-axis, thumb along Z-axis). This results in the following convention of support fixities: Fx: Fy: Fz: Translation in the column local y-axis (in both directions) Translation in the column local z-axis (in both directions) Translation in the Global Z-axis direction (vertical up/down) Mx: Rotation about the Major axis My: Rotation about the Minor axis Mz: Rotation about the Global Z-axis (support torsion) Deleting Columns If you need to delete any columns do this in the same manner as you deleted gridlines in section above Ensure you also delete any supports that are not required Ensure you exit the Delete operation when you are done deleting! Press the keyboard Escape key or double rightclick. 23

25 Constructing the model Creating Columns Editing Members We wish to change the section size of our columns and edit the orientation of two that will form part of a moment frame: Selecting via the Project Workspace Structure Tree Elements can be selected for editing via the Project Workspace Structure Tree In the Structure Tree, expand (click the + icon before the name) Members/ Steel Column/ Rolled then click on the group name I Symmetric - this will select all the columns for viewing/editing in the Properties Grid The type and number of items selected is shown in the Properties Grid header as shown below: The Properties of all the selected columns are now displayed below in the Properties Grid Under the Properties heading All Stacks, click the Section row then the drop-down arrow at the end of the row select <New\Edit > This will open the Select Section database Window - Select a UKC to be applied to all columns 24

26 Constructing the model Creating Columns Click the Select button to apply this - you will see the rendered section size of all the columns change Selecting Manually Hold down the Ctrl key on the keyboard - this allows you to select multiple objects with single individual clicks just as you would items from a list in any Windows program. Single left-click with the cursor on the columns A1 and B1 in turn to select them - they will be shown highlighted in the selection colour Note the type and number of items selected now shown above the Properties Grid: Under the heading General set the Rotation = 90 as shown above In the same manner as you did before, change the section size to a UKB Clear the selection by press the keyboard Escape key or double right-mouse-click Save the file at this stage - ensure you Save on a regular basis 25

27 Constructing the model Creating Beams 2.8 Creating Beams Opening a 2D Floor View In the Project Workspace, expand the Levels under the Structure area Double click on Level St.1 (1 st Floor) or right click and select Open view We wish to create the following arrangement of beams 26

28 Constructing the model Creating Beams Automatic Beam Creation Click the Steel Beam button to start the Create Steel Beam operation Note the properties of the beams that will be created which are displayed at this stage in the Properties Grid. All these settings can be edited prior to creation as well as after creation, as we shall see. Use the click-and-drag automatic creation method you used above for columns - click-and-drag a fence as shown below enclosing all the columns. Solve will automatically create beams where it can spanning between columns along gridlines. 27

29 Constructing the model Creating Beams This will create the following arrangement of beams We now wish to create the following beam spanning horizontally between Column C2 and the beam spanning between columns B1 and B2a Create this as follows: 1. Click on column C2 to start beam 2. Move the cursor over the target beam (the one you want to connect to) - the available connection points on the beam are shown graphically; ¼ points, 1/3 rd points, mid-point and perpendicular points 3. The perpendicular connection point is indicated by a dashed line - click this point on the target beam to enter the new beam 28

30 Constructing the model Creating Beams Create the remaining two joists in a similar manner: Hint:-pick the mid-point of the Right side edge beams first Press the keyboard Escape key to exit the Create Beam operation when you are done 29

31 Constructing the model Editing Member Releases 2.9 Editing Member Releases We wish to create a moment frame between grid points A1 and B1. We have seen that the properties of an element can be edited by the process: 1. Select the Element(s) in the Scene 2. Edit the Element(s) properties in the Properties grid Here we will look at a different method: Switch to the 3D Structure view Right-click over the beam indicated SB 1/A/1-1/B/1 and select Edit SB 1/A/1-1/B/1 from the resulting Context Menu The individual element properties window will be displayed - select the Releases option from the list on the Left Edit end 1 and end 2 Fixities to Moment and note what fixity/release this applies - OK this Now select the beam in the scene Via the Properties Grid set the section size = UKB 533x165x74 Note that we can view and edit the Releases here also Clear this selection when you are done 30

32 Constructing the model The Solver View 2.10 The Solver View The Solver View allows you to review and check the underlying analysis model: To open the Solver View right-click on Structure at the top of the Project Workspace and select Open Solver View A new tab will open displaying the Analysis Model Select an element or a joint to see its analysis properties in the properties grid Icons display the nature of the support fixities - zoom in to see these clearly. A single arrow shows translation fixity, a double-arrow is moment fixity (about the arrow) Here you can see how the supports are oriented as discussed in section above - note the orientation of the supports of the columns you rotated to 90 31

33 Constructing the model The Solver View Further information can be turned on via the Scene Content - e.g. Element and Node numbers and graphical icons for the Local Axes and releases of members Turn on Local Axes and Releases this as shown below. It can be seen that by default the beams are pin-ended - i.e. moment is released about both major and minor axes (moment release is about the double-arrow) Member Local Axes & Force Convention The following convention is used for force and fixity: Fx: Axial (parallel to x-axis) Fy: Minor axis shear (parallel to y-axis) Fz: Major axis shear (parallel to z-axis) Mx: Torsion (moment about x-axis) My: Major axis moment (moment about y-axis) Mz: Minor axis moment (moment about z-axis) 32

34 Constructing the model Creating Slabs 2.11 Creating Slabs We wish to create the following arrangement of two-way and one-way spanning slabs Move to the 2D 1 st Floor view Click the Slab on Beams button to start the slab creation operation In the Properties Grid enter the slab depth = 175mm and accept the default setting of Two-way decomposition Click-and-drag a fence enclosing the two Left-hand bays Let go of the cursor when the fence encloses the two bays as shown above - the slabs will be created You can also create slabs by o Clicking once in individual bays o Un-tick the Select bays default input method (top of the Properties Grid) - now you can click on each corner of an area in turn to create a slab: double-click the final corner to complete the entry 33

35 Constructing the model Creating Slabs Next we wish to enter one-way spanning slabs in the right-hand bays Choose the Composite Slab option from the drop-down list under the Slab button Enter the depth of the slab = 125mm Use the click-and-drag method as before to enter all the slabs in one go: The slabs are now complete except for the correct orientation of the one-way spanning slabs: Press the keyboard Escape key to exit the Create Slab operation 34

36 Constructing the model Creating Slabs Now select all the one-way spanning slabs by creating a click-and-drag fence from left to right as shown below Hint! - when selecting by click-and-drag: if you create the fence from Left to Right only enclosed objects are selected if you create the fence from Right to Left enclosed AND intersected objects are selected In fact this will select more objects than just the slabs, but this is not a problem. Simply select the Slab Items only from selection filter list at the top of the Properties Grid Now we can edit just the Rotation Angle of these slabs = 90. Type in 90 and hit the keyboard Enter key to accept this Having done this, press the keyboard Escape key or double right-click to clear the selection. The floor is now complete - Save at this stage. 35

37 Constructing the model Copying Floors & Identical Floors 2.12 Copying Floors & Identical Floors Next we wish to make a copy of the 1 st floor on the roof level Move to the 3D structure view Open Construction Levels For the Roof level, click the drop-down button for the Source and choose 1 to make the roof identical to Floor 1 OK this - all beams and slabs on Floor 1 are now created at the roof level! With this setting any edits and additions to the First floor will be replicated on the Roof, and vice-versa 36

38 Constructing the model Bracing 2.13 Bracing We have a moment frame to resist sway in the X-direction. We also wish to place bracing on grid lines B and 3 as follows: Bracing on Grid line Creating Frames for 2D Elevations Bracing on Grid line B Bracing members can be added in the 3D view. However this is sometimes tricky and it can often be easier to work in a 2D elevation. Such 2D elevations on any Grid line can be created easily using the Frame function Move to the Structure 3D view if you are not currently in it Click the Frame button Move the cursor over Grid Line B and click this to create a Frame - this is indicated by a shaded panel 37

39 Constructing the model Bracing Repeat the process to create a Frame for Grid Line 3 Exit the operation when you are done The Frames are now listed under Frames in the Project Workspace Structure Tree Double-click on FRM 3 to open this 2D view 38

40 Constructing the model Bracing Creating bracing These are created in the same manner as individual beams - by picking the start and end points in turn Cclick the Steel Brace button to add individual bracing members Note the brace properties displayed in the Properties Grid prior to creation - edit the section size if you wish Create an arrangement of two diagonal braces as shown between columns A3 and B3 39

41 Constructing the model Bracing Brace Patterns Now open the view of Frame B - we will use the X Brace pattern for placing the bracing in this frame Click the X Brace option from the drop-list at the bottom of the Steel Brace Button Four points are required to define a brace pattern - note that the operation information bar at the top of the view informs you what step is required Click on the four corners of the bottom bay as shown above - the pattern will begin to take shape after you click the 2 nd point and move the cursor upwards along a column. The brace pattern is created on clicking the 4 th point Copying Objects We could repeat the above process to add the same pattern in the bay above to complete the bracing as shown on page 37 - however we will take this opportunity to introduce the Copy function. Press the keyboard Escape key to exit the X Brace creation operation Click on either of the braces to select it - both braces will be selected automatically as they are a Brace Pair 40

42 Constructing the model Bracing At the right end of the Model Ribbon tab click the Edit button then the Copy button from drop-down list to start a copy of this current selection Check the operation information bar - we now need to click a point to define the copy reference point. Click an appropriate point to do so Now move the cursor over another point - as soon as a point is identified a preview of how the copy will look is displayed Click on the appropriate point to commit to the copy - a copy of the brace pair is created You could continue to make further copies in this manner during this operation if you wished Press the keyboard Escape key to exit the operation when you are done - the frame should now look as shown above right Press the keyboard Escape key again to clear the selection 41

43 Constructing the model Bracing 42

44 Loading, Load cases & Combinations Bracing 3.0 Loading, Load cases & Combinations 43

45 Loading, Load cases & Combinations Load Cases 3.1 Load Cases We now wish to add the following loads Loading Information Self-Weight of frame = Automatically Applied Slab Dead load = Automatically Applied Dead finishes area load all floors = 0.5 kn/m 2 Dead perimeter beam wall load 1 st floor only = 8.0 kn/m Services area load all floors = 1.0 kn/m 2 Imposed area load on 1-way slab 1 st floor only = 2.5 kn/m 2 Imposed area load on 2-way slab 1 st floor only = 4.0 kn/m 2 Roof Imposed area load all slabs = 0.6 kn/m 2 Click the Load Ribbon tab Click the Loadcases button to open the list of cases You will see that a number of default cases already exist. Just click the Add button at the right of the dialog to create more cases as you need. Note the frame (loadcase 0) and slab (loadcase 1) loadcases are set to Calculate Automatically OK to accept these default cases and settings Creating a Level Load Loads can be input in any 2D or 3D view - switch to the 3D view to input the following loads Select the Dead loadcase for editing via the list at the bottom left of the Solve program Window 44

46 Loading, Load cases & Combinations Load Cases Click the Level Load button - note the next required action in the operation information bar Enter the Load value in the Properties Grid of 0.5 kn/m 2 Move your cursor over any slab item - a preview will show were the load will be applied Click to apply the load - it is automatically applied to all slab items in the level you clicked and to the other level since they are currently set to be identical Select the Services loadcase for editing via the list at the bottom left of the Solve program Window Use the same method to apply a Level Load = 1.0 kn/m 2 45

47 Loading, Load cases & Combinations Load Cases Slab Loads What if you want to apply an area load only to specific slab areas? For this use the Slab Load. Select the Imposed loadcase for editing via the list at the bottom left of the Solve program Window Click the Slab Load button Enter the Load value in the Properties Grid of 4.0 kn/m 2 Move the cursor over any of the two-way slab items - the load preview will show that only the two-way slab items will be loaded Click to apply the load Use the same method to apply a Slab Load = 2.5 kn/m 2 to the one-way spanning slabs then exit the operation when you are done 46

48 Loading, Load cases & Combinations Load Cases Re-set floor(s) to be unique Next we wish to apply wall load of full UDL s to the perimeter beams - logically this might apply to the first floor only. We also want a different Imposed load on the roof to that on the 1 st floor. Open Construction Levels (on the Model tab) For the Roof level, click the drop-down button for the Source and choose unique then OK this Nothing will change initially - all of the objects and loads will remain as they were before making this change. However the floors are no longer linked and so changes to one will no longer apply to the other hence-forth Member Loads Select the Dead loadcase for editing via the list at the bottom left of the Solve program Window Click the Full UDL Member Loads button Enter the Load value in the Properties Grid of 8.0 kn/m 2 Move the cursor over any of the 1 st Floor edge beams - the beam snap-points and a load preview will be displayed on the beam indicated by the cursor as shown below: Click anywhere on the beam to apply the load - it will now be displayed on the member with the load value 47

49 Loading, Load cases & Combinations Load Cases In the same manner apply this load to the rest of the 1 st Floor edge beams Note that you can make the view clearer during the operation if you wish by turning off Slab Items and other Loads in the Scene Content If you turned slab items and loads off to make the view clearer, turn them back on before you move on Edit Load Values Now that the roof is a unique level we can edit the Imposed Load value: Select the Imposed loadcase for editing via the list at the bottom left of the Solve program Window Hold down the keyboard Ctrl key then click on each slab load on the roof to select them - they will be coloured with the select colour and the Properties Grid will display the current properties Note that since the two loads have different values, the Load value in the Properties Grid will be blank Enter the Load value in the Properties Grid of 0.6 kn/m 2 then press the keyboard Enter key to accept this - you will see the load relative sizes and values update graphically Many more types of loads can be applied. Hint! some loads - such as Level Point and Line - can only be applied in a 2D view. 48

50 Loading, Load cases & Combinations Load Combinations 3.2 Load Combinations There is a Wizard for generating Design Code-based combinations Click the Combination button on the Load tab, then the Generate. button You can Next through the Wizard to view the options - click Finish to create the single default Combination at this stage Solve automatically names the combination(s) and applies the appropriate factors for the various load types Select the combination name in the list pane to the left to see the details of the combination Click OK to accept this combination The loading is now complete for this stage 49

51 Loading, Load cases & Combinations Validation: Model & Loading 3.3 Validation: Model & Loading Validate Validate will check the model for problems. This is run automatically as part of analysis, but there is a button for this process at the ends of both the Model and Load ribbon and also on the Quick Access Toolbar Click the Validate button to run Validation If there are any issues the Status tab of the Project Workspace will automatically be displayed - you can select this manually prior to Validation if you wish If any issues are listed they will be displayed like this - e.g. if you intersect members Double-click on a Validation issue to highlight the area in the model - you can try this if you wish 50

52 Loading, Load cases & Combinations Validation: Model & Loading Decompose Load Decomposition will calculate and display the distribution of area loads via slabs to supporting members. Two-way slabs will be calculated with a finite element (FE) mesh as part of this process, and this mesh is displayed. Decomposition is always performed as part of analysis, but you can run this process separately to view and check the resulting loads look OK to you. Select for example the Imposed load case for viewing then click the Decomposition button You can make the view of the decomposed loads clearer as shown above by o o Turn off Slab Items and Loading other than Decomposed Turn off Geometry for all members leaving the Insertion Line only displayed You can also view the load values as follows: 51

53 Loading, Load cases & Combinations Analysis 3.4 Analysis There is a separate Ribbon tab for Analysis options titled Analyse. Before running analysis you can open the Process window to view the progress Click the 1st Order Linear button to begin Analysis - the Select Loading box will then appear Tick the Combinations and Loadcases boxes to submit them all to analysis then click OK to run analysis. 52

54 Loading, Load cases & Combinations Analysis When analysis is complete the Status tab of the Project Workspace will be displayed - any Analysis problems will be displayed here. You can double-click issues to highlight them in the model as discussed in section above Loading Summary Tables Do Applied loads = Reactions? Solve checks this for you automatically. Select the Loading tab of the Project Workspace - all the cases and/or combinations are listed here. A green tick means applied load = reactions Click a Load case in the list to select it - the Properties Grid then displays the check details for that case and you can see the total values of applied loads and reactions 53

55 Loading, Load cases & Combinations Analysis 54

56 Results Analysis 4.0 Results 55

57 Results View Analysis Results 4.1 View Analysis Results Results are available both graphically and numerically Click the Show Results button on the Analysis Ribbon tab to open the Show Results mode This will open a new Ribbon tab Results - click on a button to activate that diagram e.g. Moment Major Select the case/combination you wish to view result for from the list at bottom left just as you did when adding loads There is a toggle button to the left of the Loadcase selection box that toggles the box between displaying loadcases or combinations Move the 1D Forces Scale Slider to adjust the scale for force results Move the Deflections Scale Slider to adjust the scale for the displaced shape Force, deflection and reaction diagrams can be viewed simultaneously which can be very useful in verifying results and behaviour are as intended There are buttons at the right end of the Results ribbon tab to turn on/off the diagram values for each result 56

58 Results View Analysis Results Results in 2D view Results can also be viewed in any 2D View. Furthermore, all 2D views can be toggled into/out of 3D Select a 2D view then click Show Results in this view Select or Open a 2D view of a level, then click the 2D/3D toggle button at the bottom right of the screen You can now Show Results in this view as shown above so you can view out-of-plane forces and deflections for just a single level easily 57

59 Results View Analysis Results Filtering Results You can further filter graphical results by turning on/off the members in the Scene Content. Open the Scene Content and experiment with this - e.g. to get a view of the axial loads only in the bracing on a Frame view as shown below Expand Members in the Scene Content and check off Steel Column 58

60 Results View Analysis Results Numerical Input/Results Data Click the Tabular Data button to open a view of Numerical (Solver Model) Data You can select from a number of input and result data tables from the drop-down list on the Ribbon Individual Element Results Right-click a member and choose Open loading analysis view to see detailed individual member results 59

61 Results View Analysis Results 60

62 Reports and Drawings View Analysis Results 5.0 Reports and Drawings 61

63 Reports and Drawings Reports 5.1 Reports Structure Reports There are many Report options which we will introduce briefly here. Select the Report Ribbon tab - some standard Reports are available from the drop-down list at the top left Select one of these then click the Show Report button This will open a new tab for the Report View and also additional Ribbon buttons for editing the report Appearance, Navigating and Exporting 62

64 Reports and Drawings Reports Creating/ Editing Reports Click the Edit button to open the Report Contents dialog Click the Add button to Add a new report style and give this the name Frame B Now drag-&-drop items from the item list on the left to the Report Contents list on the right. Drop the items shown above Picture and Analysis Diagram\ 1D\ Moment Major 63

65 Reports and Drawings Reports Report Filters Report output is controlled by Filters. These must first be created as follows. Model Filters In the right-hand pane under the heading Report Structure, right-click over the Picture Item and choose from the Context Menu: Model Filter Edit\New In the Select Filter dialog click the Add button Now to the right select the Frame filter type and tick the box FRM B from the list below Finally, edit the filter name to Frame B then OK this Loading Filters Right click over the Picture Item again and choose from the Context Menu: Loading Filters Edit\New Repeat the above process to create a Loading Filter now for the Imposed Loadcase 64

66 Reports and Drawings Reports Applying Report Filters Once the filters are created they can be applied to other items as follows: Right-click over the Analysis Diagram item and apply the Model and Loading filters you created above to it: Note that the applied filters are now listed in brackets after the items OK the Report Contents dialog to save what you have created. Now select your new report from the list and click the Show Report button to view it: 65

67 Reports and Drawings Drawings 5.2 Drawings AutoCAD DXF plans and elevations can be generated that can then be viewed and further manipulated using your preferred DXF compatible drawing package. There are many settings for drawings available via the Edit button on the Draw Ribbon. To create a drawing; open the View you want a drawing of e.g. Floor 1 2D view (ensure it is in 2D view mode), select the Draw Ribbon and click the General Arrangement button. Accept the default settings and click OK - if a DXF Editor/Viewer is installed the drawing will usually open in this 66

68 Next Steps Drawings 6.0 Next Steps 67

69 Next Steps Next Steps & Resources 6.1 Next Steps & Resources Well done! You have completed this stage of your introduction to Solve and have learned many of the fundamentals. What next? Here are some ideas of what to try next with this model: Add a pitched roof and roof and wall panels Create new loadcases for Roof imposed and lateral Wind loads Apply projected and lateral area loads to the panels and generate additional load combinations Analyse the model again and view the results for these There are some hints and tips on the following pages to get you started with these tasks but not every single step is explained to give you a challenge. For more assistance remember to consult the Help System & online resources on the CSC website Solve Help Solve has a state-of-the-art Help System which is linked to Online Content Click the keyboard F1 key to open the Solve Help System which provides comprehensive program guidance The button at the bottom right indicates the online/offline status - green for online red for offline Cursor over this to bring up an option to toggle between online and offline mode: 68

70 Next Steps Next Steps & Resources Training & Online Resources There is a wealth of resources available inside MyCSCWorld, CSC s product Help, Learning & Downloads website. For information go to the CSC website at - just follow the links under Learning and Events 69

71 Next Steps Add a pitched roof structure 6.2 Add a pitched roof structure Say the structure has a pitched roof of 30 with the gable at the Front as shown below. You will need to add members to form this then roof panels so it can be loaded with area loads Construction lines Construction lines allow you to easily establish points for the creation of members. They work like grid lines but are not labelled and so do not clutter the grid. Construction lines can be entered between two defined points and also by a length and angle - the Polar method. You can use this method to locate the roof apex point as shown above right Create a Frame on Grid line 1 and open the view of this Start a Construction Line by clicking the button Enable the Polar method by clicking the POL button at the bottom right of the Solve Window - click this button after clicking the Construction Line button To define the rafter line enter a construction line at 30 of sufficient length starting at the eaves as shown below: Now enter a second, vertical, construction line in the middle of the elevation to intersect this - see the next page for a hint on how to do this 70

72 Next Steps Add a pitched roof structure Hint! start at the top of the vertical of Grid line B. Move the cursor up and look for the word Along in the Pick point 2 entry box - this tells you the line you are drawing is vertical. Extend this sufficiently to intersect the sloped line. Construction lines work just like grid lines - intersections are points you can create members on. Now it s easy to add a column and two beams to create the roof members on this Frame: In a 3D view, you can use the Copy function (see section above) to make 2 copies of these new members on grid lines 2a and 3 Next add in some ridge beams and the roof is complete as shown at the start of this section above You will also need to add some bracing or some beam end fixity to make the roof stable. 71

73 Next Steps Add a pitched roof structure Adding & Loading Roof Panels Click the Roof Panel button to start the operation, then click on the corners of the roof to create a panel as shown below - double click on the final point and the panel will be created Add panels on both pitches of the roof Create a new loadcase of the type Roof Imposed While you are doing this you can also add some Wind type loadcases for lateral loads Now apply a Projected Area load of 0.6 kn/m 2 to the roof 72

74 Next Steps Wall Panels & Lateral Area Loads 6.3 Wall Panels & Lateral Area Loads For Lateral Loading you can use Wall Panels which work just like Roof panels but on elevations. Their shape does not need to be only rectangular Adding Wall Panels Click the Wall Panel button to start the operation, then click on the corners of the wall to create a panel as shown below - double click on the final point and the panel will be created Add Wall Panels on all the elevations Hint! Wall Panels have an outer (front) and inner (back) surface determined by their local axis system. Create the panel clicking in the order shown - anti-clockwise on elevation - then the outer surface is the one you are looking at. The wall front/back is indicated by the colours which you can see and edit in Settings. There is a Reverse command from the Edit menu if you need to change a wall s orientation 73

75 Next Steps Wall Panels & Lateral Area Loads Now you can apply lateral area loads to the Walls in the cases you created for this - set the load Direction as appropriate Decompose the loads as you did in section above to see the member loads resulting from these area loads Creating Wind Loading Combinations and Re-analysing Use the Load Combination Generator to generate new combinations including your new loadcases - the Generator automatically detects Wind type load cases to generate appropriate combinations. Analyse the model again then view results for your new cases and combinations. 74

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