Rapid Energy Modeling and Sustainable Design with Reality Capture Jessica Miller TRO Jung Brannen

Transcription

1 Rapid Energy Modeling and Sustainable Design with Reality Capture Jessica Miller TRO Jung Brannen MP6081-P With the increasing need to promote sustainable design in existing buildings, one of the most important applications of reality capture is the ability for the designer to build the 3D building geometry without days of field work. In this class we will compare the various methods of reality capture to help you determine which method is right for you through a discussion as well as demonstrations. The techniques highlighted include 3D laser scanning, PointKnown surveying software, 123D Catch and existing as-builts to create geometry for use in AutoCAD, Autodesk 3ds Max and Autodesk Revit for energy modeling or other sustainability studies. The handout will include detailed guides on how to capture reality so that you too can analyze an existing building. Learning Objectives At the end of this class, you will be able to: Learn how reality capture can be useful with Rapid Energy Modeling and determine which reality capture workflow suites your needs Utilize satellite images and as-built drawings to create geometry for analysis Utilize PointKnown surveying software to create geometry for analysis Utilize 123D Catch to create geometry for analysis Learn how to utilize output from satellite images, photo reality capture, laser distance meters in Revit and energy analysis sustainability studies About the Speaker Jessica Miller spent her first two postgraduate years incorporating Autodesk Revit MEP into the workflow at TRO JungBrannen, a large architecture, engineering, interior design, and master planning firm based in Boston, Massachusetts. While remaining actively involved in cross-discipline workflow, she is now delving into HVAC and green design to make use of her BS in mechanical engineering which was concentrated in fluids and energy. Her schooling and introduction to the industry led to her passion in developing efficient workflows between Revit and energy analysis programs. jmiller@trojb.com (work) jkhmiller@gmail.com (personal)

2 Contents 1 What is Rapid Energy Modeling? Rapid Energy Modeling Methods... 4 Overview of Methods... 4 Overview of Methods (Chart) D Laser Scanning D Catch/123D Catch... 9 Satellite and Aerial Image...10 PKNail Pro Factors in determining which method is best APPENDIX: HOW-TO'S D Laser Scanning D Catch...20 Satellite and Aerial Image...21 PKNail Pro Thank you Autodesk Presentations to Reference Works Cited

3 1 What is Rapid Energy Modeling? Existing building rapid energy modeling is a streamlined process involving minimal data to: Determine if a building is a good retrofit candidate Prioritize retrofit investments and energy efficiency measures Evaluate lifecycle impact of retrofit decisions Streamline asset rating We don't predict the actual building energy use, but compare between design alternatives. Actual energy usage may vary depending on how the building is operated and actually used. Sara Fernández Cendón had a good analogy for energy modeling: "...building energy models are more analogous to the miles-per-gallon sticker prominently featured on every new car. A car s estimated fuel economy, for example, isn t an exact measurement of how much gas it will use per mile driven. The actual miles-per-gallon will vary depending on speed, air-conditioner use, and whether the car is driven in the city or on the highway, but the number is useful for car-shoppers because it allows for comparisons between models." (1) Figure 2 from (2) 3

4 2 Rapid Energy Modeling Methods Overview of Methods Adjusted Figure 6 from (2)

5 Overview of Methods (Chart) All costs are based on case studies and will vary per project. 3D LASER SCANNING DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHS AERIAL AND SATELLITE IMAGES LASER DISTANCE METERS TIME (CAPTURE & MODEL) COST (Based on TROJB Case Study) NEED TO BE ONSITE? 2-4 days 2-4 days 2-4 days 2-4 days $0.03/SF (ext) $0.06/SF (int) (Note 1) (Note 3) Minimal to none (Cost of employee's time) ~ $0.01/SF Minimal to none (Cost of employee's time) ~ $0.01/SF $3400 initial yearly fee 11-12% Payback 2 projects (Cost of employee's time) ~ $0.01/SF YES YES NO YES REDRAWING YES YES NO NO TRAINING NONE (Note 2) 1-2 weeks 1 week 1 week ADDITONAL INFO Need clear view of building and multiple points of view. Can be higher level detail May need full day of scanning for reduced price Need clear view of building and multiple points of view. May need additional info from FM. Building height May need additional info from FM. NOTES 1. Costs may vary per complexity and building layout 2. There will be costs if you want to purchase equipment perform the scan by yourself. 3. All costs are based on case studies and will vary per project. 3D laser scanning prices are not guaranteed and will vary on the consultant.

6 3D Laser Scanning Overview of Steps 1. Before you even find a company, do the following: a. Determine what you want scanned (interior or exterior, or both?) b. Do you want to pay for the point cloud and the Revit model or just one or the other? c. Are there other uses for the model? Will the architects be using it? If the architects are not using the building, you can probably get away with an accuracy of ±1 FT. 2. Have building 3D scanned 3. Create the Analysis model geometry a. If you get the Revit Model, create the spaces and zones according to AU2010 handout, ME228-3P Leveraging BIM for Energy Analysis. b. If you have the point cloud, trace over the point cloud to create the walls, windows, floors, roofs, etc. and then insert the spaces and zones all according to AU2010 handout, ME228-3P Leveraging BIM for Energy Analysis. For a more detailed step-by-step instruction, reference the section on 3D Laser Scanning in the Appendix: How-To's, p Run analysis in outside programs COST BREAKDOWN (Design Model) This analysis is done assuming a higher level of accuracy is needed. The "design" model means that the Revit model is being used by the architects for documentation. 50,000 SF building 300,000 SF building Time: 1-2 days for scanning 2-4 days for scanning Point Cloud: $5,000-6,000 Revit Model: $1,000-2,000 Total Costs: $6000-8,000 $20,000 Cost per SF: $ /SF $0.07/SF NOTE: These numbers are not accurate for all cases. They are given as a general example based on an office building. 6

7 3D Laser Scanning (cont.) COST BREAKDOWN - DO IT YOURSELF Scanner, hardware, software* $120,000 Basic Training (1 person) $7,500 Advanced Training (not incl. basic) $10,000 Total $137,500 Total investment incl. lost revenue $200k *Yearly subscription for software and firmware $15k per license and may take 3 months of downtime before proficient It is unlikely you will purchase your own equipment to conduct the scanning unless you want to develop a group in your firm that specializes in this. COST BREAKDOWN (Energy Model-Case Study TROJB Office) Exterior Exterior Interior Interior Simplified Energy Model Simplified Less Detail Scan time: 9 scans 5.5 hours 6 scans hrs 18 scans 2.5 hrs 4-6 scans >1 hr Capture/Model Time: 2-4 days total 2-4 days total 2-4 days total 2-4 days total Scan & Point Cloud: $2,800 $1,000 $1,000 $800 Revit Simplified Model: $500 $500 $200 $200 Total Costs: $3,300 $1,500 $1,200 $1,000 COST PER SF Scan & Point Cloud: $0.04/SF $0.02/SF $0.06/SF $0.05/SF Total Costs: $0.04/SF $0.02/SF $0.08/SF $0.06/SF NOTE: Exterior ~ 80k SF and Interior ~16k SF The interior scan pricing may vary on the office layout. These reduced costs may not apply for all buildings and in the case that they do apply the 3D laser scanning firms may want to get a full day of scanning in.

8 3D Laser Scanning (cont.) FACTORS DRIVING COST 1. Time for scan. The more time needed for the scan, the more cost is incurred. 2. Photos. The 3D laser scanner can take photos of the building as it scans. The photos are used to create color on the point cloud. Taking photos can increase the time needed for a scan, which then may increase the cost. 3. Building complexity. The more complex building, the more scans that may need to be taken. 4. Detail level. If a higher resolution is desired, the scan will take longer. If you only want an energy model created, the resolution can be as low as ±1 FT, which lowers the cost significantly. It is possible to take a low resolution scan of the entire building but also have a few higher resolution scans on parts of the building at minimal additional cost. PROS Very accurate Can use Scan-to-BIM or similar add-ins to build the Revit model May be worth the costs if do not need frequently Can be done in the night CONS Slightly more expensive if use frequently Need clear view of building and multiple points of view.

9 123D Catch/123D Catch Overview of Steps 1. Take pictures of the building 2. Import pictures into 123D Catch 3. Create a new photoscene 4. Manually stitch photos as needed 5. Create reference points 6. Create world coordinate system 7. Set a reference distance 8. Export.LAS file from 123D Catch 9. Import.LAS file into Revit Trace over point cloud with walls, windows, floors, roof, etc. 11. Create spaces and zones 12. Export gbxml data and run analysis in outside programs For a more detailed step-by-step instruction, reference the section on Error! Reference source not found. in the Appendix: How-To's, p. 16. COST BREAKDOWN 123D Catch: Camera: Varies Free Training and learning the program: Per Project: 1 month 2-4 days depending on project size *Consider costs of employee doing surveying PROS Not expensive Good for small projects on an open site Good for exterior and combining with PKNail Pro or other methods CONS May take some time to manually stitch photos Need to be onsite Need clear view of building and multiple points of view Still up and coming technology Not good for buildings in highly populated area where shadows can cause problems(i.e. city buildings) Need good lighting 9

10 Satellite and Aerial Image Overview of Steps 1. Import as-built CAD floor plans into Revit to create first floor exterior walls 2. Find 3D image in 3D Google Warehouse or Pictometry. a. Import 3D image into Revit. b. Trace over roofs, windows, doors, and other exterior features. This will be faster than importing all elevations to trace over. 3. Create spaces and zones 4. Export gbxml data and run analysis in outside programs For a more detailed step-by-step instruction, reference the section on Satellite and Aerial Image in the Appendix: How-To's, p. 21. COST BREAKDOWN 3D Google Warehouse: Pictometry: Training and learning the program: Per Project: Free Must call Pictometry for pricing. 1-2 days 2-4 days depending on project size *Consider costs of employee doing surveying PROS Quickly get 3D geometry Do not need to be onsite Not expensive CONS Accuracy is based on accuracy and approach of user As-built drawings may not be accurate May need more information from FM 10

11 PICTOMETRY In addition to the pros and cons listed above, Pictometry has the following: PROS Web based interface that is pretty intuitive to use Built in tools to do calculations related to areas, lengths, etc. Certain information can be saved as part of the workspace for later access Image quality can be at higher resolution than other sources CONS There is a cost associated with the service The KML generated information is not orthogonal at the corners Using the KML to create walls in Revit won't work because the walls will be slightly off axis Unable to take advantage of generating a 3D model from Pictometry Occasional lag due to connection 11

12 PKNail Pro Overview of Steps 1. Take measurements of building elements and create the Revit model live 2. Create spaces and zones 3. Export gbxml data and run analysis in outside programs For a more detailed step-by-step instruction, reference the section on PKNail Pro in the Appendix: How-To's, p.27. COST BREAKDOWN Revit Add-in $2495 Leica Disto D8 $799 Tripod $89 Total Costs $3383 Training and learning the program: 1 week Per Project: 2-4 days depending on project size Payback - Case Study The traditional method of surveying involves using pen, paper, and a laser distance measurer to draw the surveyed building on paper. Then the surveyor goes back to the office and models the building in Revit. Below is a chart with the case study of a 5,000 SF office building being surveyed with both the traditional method and using PKNail. We assumed the employee is being paid an hourly rate of $25. The case study can be used as a base comparison, but does not mean that this is the same for all projects. The cost, savings, and payback is dependent on many factors: Employee rate Building complexity Amount billed to client Effective Direct Labor Multiplier 12

13 PKNail Case Study of Cost Savings Labor Traditional PKNail Employees 3 1 Hours/Day 8 8 Days 3 2 Total Hours Firm Costs Firm Cost ($1,800) ($400) Effective Direct Labor Multiplier 1.3 Total Firm Cost ($2,340) ($520) Billable Floor Plans $1,200 Sections $500 Elevations $1,500 Total Billed $3,200 Cost Savings $860 $2,680 Cost/SF $0.47 $0.10 Payback Software Cost = Cost Savings = $3400 $2680 $860 2 Projects PROS Build model live Quick payback Good for firms that have many renovation projects Easy to use and learn CONS Need to be onsite May require some more time to build Need clear view of building Need to use your employees 13

14 3 Factors in determining which method is best There is no clear cut right or wrong way to capture the geometry for rapid energy modeling. It varies depending on many factors: 1. Deadlines and time constraints 2. Size and complexity of the project 3. Budget 4. Available resources (team members, software, etc.) 5. If there are multiple project uses for the model 6. Frequency of existing building work Overview of costs of software The chart is using a 5,000 SF office building (interior AND exterior) as a case study and an hourly employee at a rate of $25/hr. It is used to give a general idea of cost comparisons. The actual costs will vary per project based on employee rate, number of employees, effective direct labor multiplier, cost billed to the client, etc. Labor Firm Costs Billable Traditional PKNail Aerial & Satellite 123D Catch (Ext) 3D Laser Scanning Employees Hours/Day Days Total Hours Firm Cost ($1,800) ($400) ($300) ($400) ($800) Effective Direct Labor Multiplier 1.3 Total Firm Cost ($2,340) ($520) ($390) ($520) ($800) Floor Plans $1,200 Sections $500 Elevations $1,500 Total Billed $3,200 Cost Savings $860 $2,680 ($390) ($520) ($800) Cost/SF $0.47 $0.10 $0.08 $0.10 $0.16

15 TROJB Office Case Study The following numbers are determined from TROJB Case Study for the exterior. Labor Firm Costs PKNail Aerial & Satellite 123D Catch 3D Laser Scanning Employees N/A Hours/Day N/A Days Total Hours N/A Firm Cost ($200) ($200) ($300) ($3,300) Effective Direct Labor Multiplier 1.3 Total Firm Cost ($260) ($260) ($390) ($3,300) Cost/SF $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.04 The following numbers are determined from the TROJB Case Study for the exterior AND interior (only the 16k portion of the interior since this was the only portion 3D laser scanned). Also note that the 123D Catch days were estimated for the interior. Labor Firm Costs PKNail Aerial & Satellite 123D Catch 3D Laser Scanning Employees N/A Hours/Day N/A Days Total Hours N/A Firm Cost ($300) ($200) ($1,000) ($5,300) Effective Direct Labor Multiplier 1.3 Total Firm Cost ($390) ($260) ($1,300) ($5,300) Cost/SF >$0.01 >$0.01 $0.02 $

16 4 APPENDIX: HOW-TO'S Before building the Revit geometry you should read the ME228-3P Leveraging BIM for Energy Analysis (2010 Presentation) Handout on how to build Revit geometry for energy analysis. 3D Laser Scanning 1. You will receive the point cloud (.PTS) file from your 3D scanner. 2. Open Revit and create a new project 3. Go to Insert Tab and the Point Cloud button 4. Navigate to the.pts file you want to insert and open the file. Don't worry about the positioning.

17 5. You will get a message similar to the one below. Press Yes. 6. The file will begin indexing and you will see the following dialog. 7. Once the file is finished indexing, press Close. 17

18 8. Once again, go to Insert Tab and the Point Cloud button 9. Select the.pcg file, and Open. Your point cloud will be inserted into Revit. 18

19 10. You may need to select the point could and rotate appropriated. To do this accurately, drag the rotation center to a corner. 11. Select a point along the wall as your first point 12. Then rotate until the ray is vertical 13. Go to an elevation view and adjust and add levels to the project 14. Add the floor objects. 15. Now build the walls by tracing over in floor plan and extending to the proper height NOTE: The point cloud may not be built with perfectly orthogonal surfaces. 16. Add windows and doors. 17. Add interior walls. 18. Add spaces and create zones. 19. Export to GBS and other external analysis programs. 19

20 123D Catch Before getting started, get familiar with the shooting guidelines: Number of Source Photos Take photos about every 10 around the facade or building o Take at least 20 photos for half a building o Take at least 40 photos for a complete building o You do not want to take TOO many photos Center on the object and avoid foreground objects that may hide it For How-To's reference: Getting Started with Photo Scene Editor ME228-2P Rapid Energy Modeling using Photo-Based Reality Capture. Mitchell Dec (2010 Presentation included in class materials) Photofly Tips and Tricks. Between the Lines. Shaan Hurley. Catch-tipsand-tricks.html Photofly Discussion Forum. Catch/bd-p/ D Catch tips and Tutorials. MeshLab Tutorials. 20

21 Satellite and Aerial Image 1. Create a Revit project and create the project levels 2. Import 2D CAD plan for the first level into Revit and trace over plan to build exterior walls (See below for importing PDF, DWF, or scans) 3. Find Satellite and/or Aerial Images in Google 3D Warehouse a. Load Google 3D Warehouse model to Sketchup b. Export Sketch up to CAD by going to File>>Export>>3D Model 4. Open the original Revit Project and go to the Insert Tab>>Import CAD and go to the select the CAD file you just created 21

22 NOTE: You may need to re-orient the building if it is not aligned the way you want with the elevations. For instance, the building shown below is at an angle when the view is oriented to the right face: 5. Once the building is oriented properly, pin the Sketchup model so you do not unintentionally drag the model. 6. Trace over the 3D model to create roofs, windows, doors and other exterior features. This will be much easier than bringing in all the elevations into Revit and tracing over those. 7. Build Revit spaces and zones. 8. Export gbxml to analysis program. Importing PDF, DWF or scans If you don't have a CAD dwg, you can import a PDF, DWF or a scan by doing the following: 1. Create a high resolution image by exporting a.tiff at the highest resolution (i.e. 600 dpi) 2. Go to the desired floor plan 3. Go to the Insert Tab 4. Select the image a. Find an object with a known dimension b. Go to the Modify Tab and use the Scale tool 5. You are ready to trace over the elements in Revit 22

23 Pictometry Workflow notes courtesy of Rami Harb Before starting this procedure, you need to have access pictometry online In Pictometry, type in the desired address for the desired location, and then click the magnifying glass. A view of the building will get loaded. (In some cases you might have to use the pan option adjust building view.) 2. From the toolbar, click on the 3D model tool. You can close the 3D Model Tool Help box. The orientation of the building switches to a top view. (This process is used generate a 2D KML file. The current process does not work with importing a 3D KML in Revit, but it does in Google earth. 3. Click on the building corners to start creating the outline for the building. There might be a slight lag time when clicking the corners. 23

24 4. Click on the last point to close the outline. (You can adjust the points after drawing the outline in needed by using the click, hold then drag. 5. Click Next Step. 6. Click on the View from South Icon to change the orientation of the building, to adjust the outline. 7. Click on the points at the corners in orientation to establish levels. 24

25 8. Click Next. 9. Define the height of the building. (Since this process is only generating 2D KML file because of current limitation. Adjust the outline of the building in a 3D orientation, so that it represents an outline on the ground floor. 10. Click Done. 25

26 11. This completes the process. You can now export to KML. 12. In Revit 2012, and insert the KML center to center. 13. Trace over 3D geometry to create an analysis model. 26

27 PKNail Pro Exterior Workflow 1. Connect the Range Finder with Revit. 2. From the 1st Floor, or shell, enter in the floor to floor measurements using the "Survey Levels" command in our software to build all levels. NOTE: You will have to set at least two levels. 3. Enter the "Typical Windows" sill height and head height for each floor, then when you have surveyed the first floor 4. Survey the walls, window, and door objects on the level you are surveying. 5. If similar to other levels, use the "Copy Walls" command, select to copy "all" or "selected" windows that you captured on the first floor, and it will create the entire shell of the building. NOTE: When you add objects, they will be added from the direction you are measuring. You can change direction and reference points if needed. Interior Workflow 1. Connect to the Range Finder with Revit. 2. If you did not survey the exterior, you can set the levels by adding floor to ceiling measurements. 3. To survey any floor on the interior, select the associated floor plan and start at a known point, like the inside corner of two exterior walls. 4. Activate the wall you are starting on. 5. When you activate the wall, it will say ask you to confirm its length, like '144-0" feet, because assuming you did the exterior first, there was no partition walls. 6. Measure and enter the correct length from the corner, and the software will insert the partition wall at the right place on the wall. 7. Continue to survey the walls, doors and other interior features. When moving from room to room, PKNail will need to a door or opening as a reference point. NOTE: PKNail cannot model walls that are "floating" in the space. PKNail surveyed walls have to be attached to other walls. You will need to manually draw the floating walls. For detailed instructions on the commands for PKNail add-in, reference the Manual that come with the add-in. Additional Resources: Frombulator. Jim Foster's Blog. PKLabs YouTube Channel. 27

28 5 Thank you Chris Lorrain 3D Laser Scanning LandTechInc. 515 Groton Road Westford, MA (T) Jim Foster Point Known, PKNail Arlington, MA Point Known.com Shaan Hurley 123D Catch/123D Catch Autodesk 6 Autodesk Presentations to Reference MP6340-P Rapid Energy Modeling to Evaluate Building Improvement Investments MP4586-P BIM for Advanced Daylighting ME228-2P Rapid Energy Modeling using Photo-Based Reality Capture (2010 Presentation) ME228-3P Leveraging BIM for Energy Analysis (2010 Presentation) 7 Works Cited 1. Fernández Cendón, Sara. How Do I Make Energy Models of My Buildings? Part I. The American Institute of Architects. [Online] 2. Autodesk, Inc. Streamlining Energy Analysis of Existing Buildings with Rapid Energy Modeling. s.l. : Autodesk, Inc., Whitepaper. 28