Stage 4 Help Sheet. S4/2 Round to nearest 10, 100, 1000, S4/1 Count in multiples Now you must learn these multiples. S4/3 Negative numbers

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1 thousands hundreds tens thousands hundreds tens thousands hundreds tens Stage Help Sheet S/ Count in multiples Now you must learn these multiples Multiples of 6 Multiples of 7 Multiples of 9 Multiples of S/ Round to nearest 0, 00, 000, Example Round 79 to the nearest 000 o Step Find the round-off digit - o Step Look one digit to the right of - or more? NO leave round off digit unchanged - Replace following digits with zeros ANSWER 000 Example Round 79 to the nearest 0 o Step Find the round-off digit - 7 o Step Look one digit to the right of 7-9 or more? YES Add one to the round off digit - Replace following digits with zeros ANSWER 0 S/ Negative numbers Negative numbers are numbers BELOW ZERO S/ Find 000 more or less Think of a number line Horizontal number line 6 7 To increase or decrease by 000 this is the digit that changes. Vertical number line 67 has increased by 000 to has decreased by 000 to 67 Positive numbers Negative numbers

2 thousands hundreds tens S/ Place value 7 S/6 Add & subtract Line up digits from right to left Example : Add 7 and Example : Subtract 67 from S/ Roman Numerals to 00 The numbers -00 are constructed from these: I V X 0 L 0 C 00 S/7 Estimate a calculation Round off each number so that the calculation is easy to do Example : 6 x To make it easy use: 600x6600 or 600x Example : To make it easy use: Example : Half of.96 To make it easy use: Half of 0 Example : To make it easy use: S/ Addition & subtraction problems (Based upon S/6) Words associated with addition: sum total add altogether Words associated with subtraction: Subtract difference minus How many more?

3 tens tenths hundredths S/9 Multiplication tables Example: We know x 7 9 (See above) x x So we also know 6 x 7 7 Example: We know x 7 9 (See above) + So we also know x 9 + ( x ) 76 Remember: 7 x 6 x S/ Equivalent fractions The same fraction can be expressed in different ways ALL THESE ARE S/0 Factor pairs The number can be made from these factor pairs x x 6 x x 6 x x From these factor pairs we can see that the factors of are:,,,, 6, ALL THESE ARE 6 6 S/ Multiply by a single digit number Example: x x x 7 x 0 x x 7 x 7 9 S/ Hundredths. S/ Connections between calculations Look for connections between the sums Example: We know x 7 9 (See above) 6 This represents hundredths 00 x x So we also know x 7 To find a hundredth of an object or quantity you divide by 00

4 tenths hundredths tenths hundredths tenth s S/ Counting in hundredths (continued) S/6 Decimal equivalents Others to learn are: O 6.6 P 6.66 Q 6.7 R 6.77 S/ Addition & subtraction of fractions To add and subtract fractions When the denominators are the same + - Do not add the denominators Do not subtract the denominators S/6 Decimals and equivalent fractions S/7 Effect of dividing by 0 and 00 To divide by 0, move each digit one place to the right e.g. 0. Tens Units tenths To divide by 00, move each digit places to the right e.g (we add a zero to show there are no whole numbers) Tens Units tenths hundredths S/ Rounding decimals to nearest whole The Rules: If the digit behind the decimal point is LESS THAN, the number is rounded DOWN to the next whole number Example: 6. becomes rounded to If the digit behind the decimal point is OR MORE, the number is rounded UP to the next whole number Example: 6. becomes rounded to 7 6. becomes rounded to 7

5 S/9 Convert between of measure Time S/0 000 Perimeter & area by counting Perimeter is round the OUTSIDE Perimeter of this shape cm year x months x weeks X7 7 days hours x60 x60 Area is the number of squares INSIDE Area of this shape cm 60 Length 60 min sec S/ Estimating measures Capacity 000 Mass or weight kilograms (kg) x000 grams (g) a ml spoon Capacity or volume a 0ml can of drink litres (l) x000 millilitres (ml)

6 an average bucket holds 0 litres S/ Estimate measures - continued Mass S/ - and -hour clock this apple weighs g this bag of sugar weighs kg Length this man weighs 70kg S/ Properties of quadrilaterals & triangles this pencil is 7cm long TRIANGLES angles add up to 0 0 Isosceles triangle equal sides equal angles line of symmetry No rotational symmetry length of classroom is 0m distance to Exeter is 6miles Equilateral triangle equal sides equal angles lines of symmetry

7 Rotational symmetry order QUADRILATERALS all angles add up to 60 0 Square equal sides equal angles lines of symmetry Rotational symmetry order S/ Properties of quadrilaterals & Triangles (continued) Trapezium ONE pair opposite sides parallel Rectangle Opposite sides equal equal angles lines of symmetry Rotational symmetry order Kite One pair of opposite angles equal pairs of adjacent sides equal ONE line of symmetry No rotational symmetry Parallelogram Opposite sides parallel Opposite angles equal NO lines of symmetry Rotational symmetry order S/ Types of angle Rhombus (like a diamond) Opposite sides parallel Opposite angles equal lines of symmetry Rotational symmetry order Acute Right Obtuse (less than 90 0 ) (Exactly 90 0 ) (Between 90 0 & 0 0 ) Straight line (0 0 or two right angles)

8 S/ Finding lines of symmetry Horizontal line of symmetry S/6 Drawing symmetrical pictures Tracing paper is brilliant for this Example Vertical line of symmetry Oblique line of symmetry S/7 Coordinates Horizontal, Vertical & Oblique lines of symmetry The horizontal axis is the x-axis The vertical axis is called the y-axis The origin is where the axes meet A point is described by two numbers The st number is off the x-axis The nd number is off the y-axis y P

9 0 6 Origin (0,0) P is (, ) S/7 Describe movement of shapes x 6 Frequency y A 0 Red Blue Yellow Green Colours B S/9 Present discrete & continuous data 0 6 x Continuous data is measured e.g. heights, times, temperature Shape A has been moved squares right and down. This movement is called TRANSLATION Graph to show a patient s temperature over h S/ Complete drawings to make shapes Example: Draw on lines to complete parallelogram y 0 6 x S/9 Present discrete & continuous data Discrete data is counted e.g. cars, students, animals Graph to show favourite colours in Class S/0 Compare data in graphs

10 Sum or total means add up Difference or how many more means subtract Bar chart to show Number of Ice Creams sold in a week (i) What is the total number of ice creams sold over the weekend? Answer: (ii) How many more were sold on Friday than Saturday? Answer: 6 7 Pictogram to show the number of pizzas eaten by four friends in the past month: Alan Bob Chris Dave (i) (ii) What is the sum of the number of pizzas eaten in the month Answer: Find the difference in the number eaten by Chris and Bob Answer: 9 9 0