LiDAR for Roads & Infrastructure

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1 PA Spatial Solutions Inc. 3600, Steeles Av East,Markham ON, L3R 9Z7, Canada LiDAR for Roads & Infrastructure

2 Our solutions for Infrastructure Developments Roads Power line Rails Telecom Urban Development Pipeline

3 4D LiDAR solutions in Transport Infrastructure

4 Pre - Survey feasibility report / DPupport We start with technical viability study, location & layout Engineering survey and investigation, gradient & slope Preliminary design support for road, bridges and structures Layout of all facilities, features and assets Help in BOQ and cost estimate Land classification & utility relocation, We create contours and digital terrain models Route selections Road Alignment and land use

5 Survey Support Inventory of roads, culverts, bridges, overpass, underpass Topographic alignment Road inventory survey Road condition survey Bridge condition survey Hydrology survey Drainage survey Cut and fill material analysis Geotechnical survey 3d topographic survey Generating digital terrain model Generating contours Horizontal and vertical alignment L-Section & Cross sections Land plan, ROW and existing assets

6 Post Survey Support Road Design Data can be imported and used in MXroad Site Design Area mapping Road Alignment Asset & feature extraction for inventory count Pavement management & rehabilitation Right of way Establishing benchmark, center line and boundary stones

7 Companies using LiDAR Techniques Civil Engineering Firms Municipal Engineering Organizations Surveying Companies Land & Site Developers Landscape designing companies Department of Transportation National Highway organization Design and building Engineers

8 LiDAR deliverables for Road & Design Engineers Cross-sections : This 2D section is taken through a point cloud and shows how LiDAR captures details of the terrain Contour models : One of the most useful formats for engineering purposes is the laser data output as a 2D or 3D contour model in CAD or GIS format. The contour interval can be set to suit the terrain and the usual range is 0.25m, 0.5m, 3D surface : Using image processing software such as Terramodel the 3D surface can be shown as a shaded relief

9 Outline ground model A simplified 3D model at 1:500 scale showing selected features such as boundaries, roads, top and bottom of slopes, bridges etc. It is much quicker to produce than the detailed mapping. Detailed ground model Outline mapping as above but also including an increased range of features such as vegetation and highway furniture, specified according to the project requirements. Nursery tar mac ta rmac Br Setts Br Setts gr ass Br Setts gra ss he dge h edge h edge gravel gravel h edge hedg e he dge hed ge he dge h edge t rees s tr ees t rees hedg e gra ss gra ss hedg e he dge h edge t rees tr ees s t rees t rees he dge h edge hed ge hedg e hed ge h ed ge g ravel Br Sett s t rees t rees tr ee tre es g rass tr ees tre e tr ee tre es hed ge g rass tr ees g rass gras s g rass gr ass gra ss gra ss gra ss gra ss g rass gra ss gras s gr ass gra ss gras s gras s gra ss gra ss gra ss gra ss gr ass gra ss gras s gras s gras s gra ss gras s gras s g rass gr ass g rass gra ss gras s gra ss gras s tarm ac g rass gravel gravel gravel gravel gras s gra ss gra ss gr ass tar mac gra ss tar mac t armac t armac tarm ac t arma c steps steps tarma c Br Setts ta rmac tarm ac concr ete steps Ro a d obs cu red b y t re es R oad obscu re d b y tr ees End of road obscu re d b y tr ees gr ass Br Setts Br Setts concrete Br Setts concrete pool fountain Sp eed bump gras s Br Setts gravel tarm ac ta rmac ta rmac B O tar mac ta rmac steps gravel Br Set ts concrete gravel gravel Br Setts Br Setts Br Setts gr avel gravel gr avel gr ass M25 Northbound M25 Southbound IC IC IC Br Setts IC IC T S T S T S T S T S R S T S T S B r Set ts Br Setts Br Setts IC gras s Br Set ts concreteic steps IC gravel M25 Northbound M25 Northbound M25 Northbound M25 Northbound M25 Northbound IC IC IC footbridge M25 Northbound M25 Southbound M25 Southbound M25 Southbound M25 Southbound M25 Southbound M25 Southbound pond pipes steps LiDAR deliverables for Road & Design Engineers B O B O B O B O T S B O T S B O T S T S B O I C T S IC R S gravel gravel gravel I C gravel gravel B O Br Setts T S gravel T S T S T S T S T S T S B O B O B O concre te Railway Line con crete Railway Line Formats include : DXF, DGN, DWG, MX GENIO, SHP, XML

10 LiDAR deliverables for Road & Design Engineers Earthworks Laser point data outputs such as contour sets together with the high resolution imagery can be used to populate many of the feature fields for earthworks. Site inspections are still required but can be focused just on detection of smaller features such as tension cracks and seepages. Earthwork Inventory Contour data provides good definition of C earthwork location, B extent and geometry A particularly useful at grade separated junctions and where vegetation is extensive. Geo-referenced locations can be extracted. Vegetation : can be determined both from laser data and associated imagery with a high resolution of type, density and heights. Current LiDAR systems have good penetration through most vegetation types to provide ground surface data below canopy. Drainage : High accurate hydrology model is made using LiDAR data for drainage information

11 LiDAR deliverables for Road & Design Engineers Slope Instability 0.25m interval contour datasets can be used to detect and delineate a wide range of earthwork slip features from larger crest-to-toe slips (A) to smaller or early stage slips (B,C). Spreading of the contours (B,C) highlights the midslope decrease in angle and the slight toe bulge in photo B is also visible in the contours. Backscars to 25-30cm height are detectable by contour bunching (C). A B B C section through point data

12 LiDAR deliverables for Road Design Engineers 3D Models Point data is already classified into ground points and various types of above ground features.

13 Automatic Feature Extraction Asset Management High density point clouds provide a good representation of assets and other features Structure measurements such as bridge clearances and parapet heights can be extracted from LiDAR data.

14 Accurate location and / or height data can be attributed to all pathway and receptor features. This can then be output as contoured, as shown below.

15 Various Attributes of LiDAR data Accurate location and / or height data can be attributed LiDAR data for areas already surveyed (e.g. for topographic mapping) is stored in the central archive in a raw format suitable for processing for multiple applications. Point data is already classified into ground points and various types of above ground features.

16 360 Degree LiDAR DATA Scan under bridges Wires Moving cars Road sign inventory

17 How do we do it with LiDAR We provide top of the line surveying and mapping techniques using proprietary methods & LiDAR hardware and software Highly accurate data 8mm Very high resolution and point density - 300,000 pts/sec 3mm spot size as compared to 50 cm by satellite These cannot be achieved using Total Station or Satellite Imagery

18 Comparison between satellite imagery and high resolution LiDAR data Difference in DETAILS Higher resolution Laser beam divergence is 0.3milli radian Laser spot size at 100m is 3 cm Satellite imagery pixel size 50cm Satellite LiDAR

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20 Comparison between LiDAR and high resolution stereo satellite imagery and aerial photo

21 We bring NEW TECHNOLOGY & NEW TECHNIQUES to provide Improved accurate information faster GNSS Receiver delivers the position information to the system Latitude, Longitude and Altitude IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) supplies accurate attitude data for the system Roll, Pitch and Heading information Odometry information is obtained via external wheel speed sensors or from the vehicle s CAN bus

22 We bring NEW TECHNOLOGY & NEW TECHNIQUES to provide improved accurate information faster Mapping at New Heights =================================================== New Laser beam measuring techniques Hardware - GNSS - IMU - LiDAR - Camera - Computer - DMI - Encoders - Mounting - Navigation

23 Monitoring aging bridge conditions using LiDAR

24 LiDAolutions to Bridge Conditions Aging Bridge Deck Condition reliable and quantitative data Parking Structures, balconies and other structures Void Detection and location Where? Bridge deflection and deformations Week point analysis Estimate structure condition Analysis for reinforcement Bridge deck thickness Pavement management

25 Bridge Loading Analysis: Conventional Method Vs LiDAR Current Method: Deflection Gauges and Stress Monitors Setup: Shut down highway Manual placement of stress monitors and deflection gauges labor intensive Inconvenient, dangerous 2-3 day job Execution: Restrict bridge access Load bridge with variable weights Measure deflection

26 Bridge Loading Analysis performed using LiDAR Setup: Setup unit under bridge Unobtrusive, eye safe No lane closure necessary Fast, safe, convenient

27 Execution: Restrict bridge access Scan bridge (no load) Scan bridge (with load) Direct scan to scan comparison to measure deflection

28 Bridge Loading Analysis: Case Study Comparison of Results: LiDAR vs. Deflection Gauge LiDAR is able to detect bridge deflection of all three loads Detected deflection ~0.010 m LiDAR results nearly identical to deflection gauge measurements

29 DOT Applications Bridge Analysis Subsidence Monitoring Forensic ID of rebar placement before pour Road Analysis Road crown/rutting measurement Pavement removal/ replacement quantification Complete surface contour capability

30 Bridge Survey while Driving

31 DOT Applications Easily identify pavement Marking/road condition Facilitates rapid DTM generation of road contours

32 LiDAR use in Feature Extraction Asset Management Road Furniture Record Keeping

33 GIS Asset Management Utility Structure Location Fire Hydrants Utility Poles & Boxes Manhole Covers & Valves Road Sign & Traffic Signal Inventories Tree Inventory Work Orders

34 Linear Corridor Mapping Utility Right-of-ways Energy Distribution Roadways Railways

35 Parking Lot Assessments Condition Assessments: Pavement Striping Lighting Signage Parking Space Inventory

36 Fused LiDAR Colored Point cloud

37 Benefits from use of LiDAR for road mapping : Minimal or no roadside exposure of surveyors to traffic Minimal or no Traffic Management costs and delays Increased speed of data capture and processing Reduced survey costs often over 50% cheaper than ground survey The survey accuracy can be varied across the route corridor to suit different applications such as route selection, alignment, earthwork volumes, design, noise mapping etc The outline ground model can be produced relatively quickly after data capture. The detailed ground model can be processed for selected areas as and when required. Imagery and data can be re-processed for other applications increases value of data set

38 Viewer software enables integrated display of GIS Map 3D Point Cloud data 360 degree imagery

39 Deliverables Panoramic and 360 Spherical Images

40 Long Section created using MicroStation

41 Cross Sections Elevation data on cross sections Topographic contour maps Triangular Irregular Network model Elevation Cross sections Contour lines made from data captured. Contour separation 0.5 ft (l), 1 ft

42 Height of overhead wires above the top of road Vegetation Analysis Infringement Analysis Track Clearances Height of the above the top center of the road

43 Asset management Top-of-rail, switches, frogs, rail/road crossings, over head wires/ crossings & signals through tagging Overhead Structures, fences, poles and storage tanks Switches and signage are clearly visible

44 What makes us different We provide Engineering solution to real life problems We back our data with ground control, ground truthing We have very rigorous QA/QC techniques We follow ASPRS and FEMA standards for LiDAR mapping We have subject matter expert in LiDAR, Geomatics, GIS, Remote Sensing, Engineering and Mapping field We Develop custom applications for our clients specific to their need

45 Conclusion LiDAR techniques are less expensive, faster and more accurate when compared to traditional surveying methods. Multiple products are extracted from one time survey using LiDAR hence makes your project within budget and time without sacrificing quality. Best in class for surveying DIFFICULT TERRAIN