National 5 Mathematics Applications Notes with Examples
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1 National 5 Mathematics Notes with Examples
2 Calculating a percentage To calculate a percentage of an amount we divide the percentage by 100 and multiply by the amount. To calculate one number as a percentage of another we divide one number by the other and multiply by 100.
3 Calculating a percentage N5M James sat a test in 3 subjects. His scores are shown below. Maths = Physics = Geography = What test did he do best and worst in? 2. David earned a 5% bonus on his salary of 36,000. How much was his bonus?
4 Percentage increase / decrease To calculate a percentage increase or decrease we: 1. Calculate the increase / decrease 2. Divide by the original value 3. Multiply by 100
5 Percentage increase / decrease N5M The cost of a TV was 540 prior to being on sale. It is now on sale at 480. By what percentage has it decreased? 2. A painting was bought for 34,000 in By 2016, it had increased in value by 62%. How much is it worth in 2016?
6 Compound interest Compound interest is when interest is added over consecutive years. (This interest from year one is subjected to interest in year two and so on). The quick method for calculating this requires you to calculate a multiplier. Multiplier = percentage 100
7 Compound interest N5M 10.3 If I was to invest 3000 in a savings account with an interest rate of 4% how much interest would I earn after five years?
8 Appreciation / depreciation This is a similar calculation to compound interest. Appreciation increase in value over time Multiplier = percentage 100 Depreciation decrease in value over time Multiplier = 100 percentage 100
9 Appreciation / depreciation N5M 10.4 A house was valued at 125,000 in If it appreciated in value by 3% per year, how much is it worth in 2016?
10 Appreciation / depreciation N5M 10.4 A car was valued at 8,500 in If it depreciated in value by 15% per year, how much is it worth in 2016?
11 Reverse percentage Some questions will state the value of an item after a percentage increase or decrease. In these cases we follow these steps: 1. State the new percentage (based on the original value) 2. Calculate 1% by dividing 3. Calculate 100% by multiplying by 100 Evaluating
12 Reverse percentage N5M 10.5 A shirt is in a 20% off sale. The price on the ticket now says How much was the shirt before the sale? Evaluating
13 Reverse percentage N5M 10.5 A car insurance premium increased by 12% from 2015 to The new price for the insurance is How much has the cost of insurance increased by? Evaluating
14 Reverse percentage N5M 10.5 EXAM QUESTION Evaluating
15 Adding / subtracting fractions When adding or subtracting fractions we must ensure that the fractions have a common denominator. To do this we find equivalent fractions to those that are given making sure all fractions have the same value on the bottom of the fraction.
16 Adding / subtracting fractions N5M 11.1 Calculate: (a) (b) (c)
17 Adding / subtracting mixed numbers When adding or subtracting mixed numbers we should always convert to improper fractions then add/subtract as normal fractions (common denominator). To change a mixed number to an improper fraction: 1. Multiply the whole number and denominator 2. Add this to the numerator a b c = a c + b c
18 Adding / subtracting mixed numbers N5M 11.2 Calculate: (a) (b) (c)
19 Multiplying fractions and mixed numbers When multiplying mixed numbers we must convert mixed numbers to improper fractions. Follow these steps: 1. Change to improper fractions 2. Multiply numerators 3. Multiply denominators 4. Simplify.
20 Multiplying fractions and mixed numbers N5M 11.3 Calculate: (a) (b) (c)
21 Multiplying fractions and mixed numbers N5M 11.2 & 11.3 Calculate: (a) (b) ( )
22 Dividing fractions and mixed numbers When dividing mixed numbers we must convert mixed numbers to improper fractions. Follow these steps: 1. Change to improper fractions 2. Flip second fraction and change to multiply 3. Multiply numerators 4. Multiply denominators 5. Simplify.
23 Dividing fractions and mixed numbers N5M 11.4 Calculate: (a) (b) (c)
24 Standard deviation Standard deviation is a measure of variability used in statistics and probability theory. Standard deviation shows how much variation exists from the mean (average).
25 Standard deviation If the standard deviation is low, it indicates that the data points tend to be very close to the mean (more consistent) If the standard deviation is high then it indicates that the data points are spread out over a large range of values (less consistent) 16, 20, 21, 21, 22 mean = 20, low sd 6, 10, 11, 31, 42 mean = 20 high sd
26 Standard deviation Standard deviation is calculated using s = σ (x x) ҧ 2 n 1 But we will use a table to calculate it.
27 Standard deviation N5M 12.1 Calculate the standard deviation of the following data set: 16, 20, 21, 21, 22
28 Standard deviation A Standard deviation question will usually ask you to make two valid comparisons between data sets. You should compare both means and both standard deviations. Analysing
29 Standard deviation When comparing the mean: Data set A (or B) on average When comparing the standard deviation: Data set A (or B) is more consistent than You should always create a table and use numerical comparison in your answers. Analysing
30 Standard deviation N5M 12.2 & 12.3 A survey asked men and women who work for the same company their monthly salary. For men, the mean was 2,145 and the standard deviation was 923. For women, the mean was 1,950 and the standard deviation was 534. Make two valid comparisons. Analysing
31 Five figure summary A five figure summary gives five pieces of information on a data set. L Lowest number Q 1 Quartile 1 (Median of the lower half of the data set) Q 2 Quartile 2 (Median of the full data set) Q 3 Quartile 3 (Median of the upper half of the data set) H Highest number A box plot shows this information in graphical form.
32 Five figure summary
33 Interquartile & semi interquartile range Interquartile and semi interquartile range is a measure of variability. They show how much variation exists from the mean (average). The smaller the IQR or SIQR the more consistent the data is (similar to standard deviation). IQR = Q 3 Q 1 SIQR = Q 3 Q 1 2
34 Boxplots, Interquartile & semi interquartile range N5M 12.4 & 12.5 Construct a boxplot for the following data and calculate the semi interquartile range. 16, 20, 21, 21, 22, 25, 28, 32, 37
35 Interquartile & semi interquartile range N5M 12.6 A survey asked men and women who work for the same company their monthly salary. For men, the median salary was 2,145 and the SIQR was 923. For women, the median salary was 1,950 and the SIQR was 534. Make two valid comparisons. Analysing
36 Scattergraphs A scattergraph is a type of mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data (one value on the horizontal axis, one on the vertical axis). The line of best fit is a straight line that represents the points on a scatter graph. There should be roughly the same number of points above the line as below it.
37 Scattergraphs The line of best fit is a straight line that represents the points on a scatter graph. There should be roughly the same number of points above the line as below it. The line of best fit will either represent positive correlation or negative correlation. Analysing
38 Scattergraphs N5M 12.7 (a) Create a scatter graph and calculate the equation of the line of best fit from the following data Pupil A B C D E F G H I Maths Score English Score (b) If Pupil R scores 70% in his Maths test, use the formula to estimate what he should expect to get for English? Analysing
39 Scattergraphs N5M 12.8 Analysing
40 Scattergraphs N5M & (a) Equation of the line of best fit (b) Analysing
41 Area of a triangle The area of any triangle can be calculated using trigonometry it does not need to be a right angled triangle. First we need to be able to label a triangle Evaluating
42 Area of a triangle The area of any triangle can be calculated using Area = 1 2 a b sin C Evaluating
43 Area of a triangle N5M 13.1 Calculate the area of the triangle below. 14cm 30 o 18cm Evaluating
44 Area of a triangle N5M 13.1 EXAM QUESTION Evaluating
45 Area of a triangle N5M 13.2 If the area of the given triangle is 200cm 2, calculate the length of q. R Q 100 o 23mm S Evaluating
46 Area of a triangle N5M 13.3 NON CALCULATOR Given that sin B = 1, calculate the area of the triangle. 4 A C 12mm 16mm B Evaluating
47 The sine rule The sine rule can be used to calculate the length of a side or the size of an angle in any triangle if we are given enough information. a sin A = b sin B = c sin C To use the sine rule: Tick all the information we have, circle what we want and if we have two complete fractions we can use the sine rule. Evaluating
48 Area of a triangle N5M 13.4 Use the sine rule to calculate the length of b. 25 o 12cm 35 o Evaluating
49 Area of a triangle N5M 13.5 Use the sine rule to calculate the size of angle A. 19cm 130 o 12cm Evaluating
50 The cosine rule The cosine rule can be used to calculate the length of a side or the size of an angle in any triangle if we are given enough information. The cosine rule comes in two forms a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos A cos A = b2 + c 2 a 2 2bc Evaluating
51 Area of a triangle N5M 13.6 Use the cosine rule to calculate the length of b. 235mm 140mm 35 o Evaluating
52 Area of a triangle N5M 13.7 Use the cosine rule to calculate the size of angle A. 10cm 19cm 12cm Evaluating
53 Sine rule or cosine rule? Unsure what rule to use? Start with the cosine rule and if you don t have enough information then you must use the sine rule. Evaluating
54 Sine rule or cosine rule? N5M 13.8 EXAM QUESTION Evaluating
55 Sine rule or cosine rule? N5M 13.8 EXAM QUESTION NON CALCULATOR Evaluating
56 Trigonometry with bearings N5M 13.9 Evaluating
57 Vectors A vector is a quantity that has magnitude and direction in either 2D or 3D. A vector can be shown on a coordinate diagram as a directed line segment. The directed line segment from A to B B is shown in the diagram. This is the vector AB, written as AB Note: AB BA because of the direction. A
58 Directed line segments and component form AB shown in the diagram can be written in component form. AB has an x-component of 4 and a y-component of 6. Written in component form, AB = 4 6 B Written in component form, BA = 4 6 u 6 Notation: AB = u A 4
59 Directed line segments and component form N5M 14.1 Write these vectors in component form. B F a A E
60 Directed line segments and component form N5M 14.1 Draw these vectors as directed line segments. (a) u = 3 4 (b) v = 2 5 (c) CD = 1 5
61 Adding & subtracting vectors We can add and subtract vectors in directed line segment and component form. Directed line segment To add directed line segments we draw the vectors nose to tail. To subtract vectors we flip the positive vector to produce the negative vector then add together. Component form Add/subtract the x-component, add/subtract the y-component and add/subtract the z-component
62 Adding & subtracting vectors 14.2 Draw the resultant vector a + b a b
63 Adding & subtracting vectors 14.3 Draw the resultant vector a - b a b
64 Adding & subtracting vectors 14.4 If u = 3 4, v = 2 5 and w = 4 3 calculate: (a) u + v (b) v + w (c) u v
65 Multiplying a vector by a scalar We can t multiply vectors together yet but we can multiply a vector by a scalar. To do this multiply the x-component by the scalar, multiply the y-component by the scalar and multiply the z-component by the scalar.
66 Multiplying a vector by a scalar 14.6 If u = 3 0 4, v = and w = calculate: (a) 2u (b) 3v (c) 4w
67 Multiplying a vector by a scalar 14.4 & 14.6 If u = 3 4, v = 2 5 and w = 4 2 calculate: (a) 2u + 3v (b) 3v u (c) 1 w + 2v 2
68 Magnitude of a vector The magnitude of a vector is basically its length. This is done by using Pythagoras Theorem which gives the formula AB = x 2 + y 2 AB = x 2 + y 2 + z 2
69 Magnitude of a vector 14.5 If u = 3 2, v = and w = calculate: (a) u (b) v (b) 2v w
70 Coordinates in 3D space You must be able to state the coordinates of a point in 3D space. 3D coordinates have three values: x-coordinate: position in space page from left to right y-coordinate: position in space from front to back z-coordinate: position in space from bottom to top
71 Coordinates in 3D space 14.7 EXAM QUESTION
72 Coordinates in 3D space 14.7 EXAM QUESTION
73 Vector journeys A vector journey is a way of describing a path from one coordinate in space to another. This can be either 2D or 3D. Analysing
74 Vector journeys 14.8 Analysing
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