New Challenges for DSO

Transcription

1 New Challenges for DSO Johannes Brantl, Head of Assetmanagement, E.ON Bavaria IEA, Kassel, May 8th

2 Power Grid of E.ON Bavaria Area MV-Grid km² cables km Overhead lines km percentage of cable: 52 % LV-Grid (including connections) cables km Overhead lines km Percentage of cable: 93 % Primary substations 279 (interface HV/MV; 557 transformers) Secondary substations (interface MV/LV) New connections in Number of PV s: approx (10 % of worldwide installed PV-power) Grid area Headquarter regional unit Seite 2

3 Gas Grid of E.ON Bavaria Gaspipes (including. house connections): High pressure Medium pressure Low pressure Feed out points: HP MP LP Annual energy: 870 km km.260 km 5,6 billion kwh substations: Feed-in-stations 140 Distribution stations 378 Feed out-stations 903 Odorisation station 65 Natural gas bars 5 Grid area Headquarter Regional unit Seite 3

4 Agenda 1. Development of DG s using the example of E.ON Bavaria 2. Impact of increasing DG on the grid 3. Prognosis of PV 4. Solutions 5. Amount of grid-reinforcement 6. Conclusion 4

5 Target: Renewables until 2050 up to 80% End of nuclear energy in 2022 means start of the age of renewables in Germany Change of power system causes extensive change of the grids (e.g. power flow from the north to the south) Amount of renewables in electricity supply until % until % until % until % Today and tomorrow: balance between efficiency sustainability security The society must support the reinforcement of grids and power plants 5

6 MW E.ON Bavaria: ongoing trend of increasing PV installed power Number of PV s (in thousands) ,0 180,0 160,0 190,5 155, ,0 120,0 100,0 80,0 60,0 40,0 20,0 0,0 38,5 48,0 112,5 77,7 59,0 10,5 14,5 24, status:

7 Hot-Spot areas at E.ON Bavaria High impact of PV s especially in the region of Lower Bavaria 7

8 Agenda 1. Development of DG s using the example of E.ON Bavaria 2. Impact of increasing DG on the grid 3. Prognosis of PV 4. Solutions 5. Amount of grid-reinforcement 6. Conclusion 8

9 in the past today and in the future HV Feed-in-overflow MV LV Change of direction of load flow due to DG s 9

10 Generation profile of PV 400 Stundenlastgang 1 hour-profile, August 2008 August 2008 PV-Anlage P N = 408 kw PV, generation in kw 350 P Nenn August

11 Load profile of a HV/MV-transformer 11

12 Load profile of E.ON Bavaria against upstream grid operator (E.ON Netz) In spring and summer reduction of received power In winter low impact of PV s 12

13 measurement in secondary substation (Osterhofen O.21, lower bavaria): 13

14 Agenda 1. Development of DG s using the example of E.ON Bavaria 2. Impact of increasing DG on the grid 3. Prognosis of PV 4. Solutions 5. Amount of grid-reinforcement 6. Conclusion 14

15 current PV development vs. PV-prognosis power in MW real development TUB Tool NB 4-7 TUB Tool NB Sept

16 E.ON Bavaria prognosis of installed power in MW* - grid area ,000 11,000 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 1, Biomasse status: March 21 st 2011 PV Wind 3,392 2,492 1,732 1,368 2,833 4,303 5,210 6,092 6,912 9,299 9,044 8,694 8,227 7,632 7,073 9,480 8,921 9,692 9,606 9,818 9,751 9,791 9,260 9,857 9,837 9,849 9,863 9,866 9, * Wind and biomass from 2010 at the same level as in in

17 Agenda 1. Development of DG s using the example of E.ON Bavaria 2. Impact of increasing DG on the grid 3. Prognosis of PV 4. Solutions 5. Amount of grid-reinforcement 6. Conclusion 17

18 Future issues for power grids pump storage station PV VPP Biomass power-plant wind-power-plant Hydro power plant CO2 reduced power plant PV CHP storage 18

19 Agenda 4. solutions 4.1 grid reinforcement 19

20 Increasing amount of DG s causes in rural distribution grids: - in the first step voltage problems (voltage rise) - in the second step equipment overload (lines, transformers) a cost optimized solution is usually a combination of grid reinforcement and smart applications the reinforcement of a distribution grid is e.g.: - replacement of overhead line by underground cable - replacement of cables with low capacity - change of separators - additional feeders - replacement of distribution-transformers - additional secondary substations - replacement of HV/MV-transformers - additional primary substations 20

21 Agenda 4. solutions 4.1 grid reinforcement 4.2 optimization of planning parameters 21

22 1. step: E.ON Bavaria analyses PV-injection in project future grid project Seebach target: collect experience with big number of PV s in the MV- and LV-grid time period: key figures: - prim. substation Seebach - 15,4 MW feed-in power in LV - 5 PV s in MV with approx. 6,8 MW in the MV-grid involved partners with PV procedure: - installation of special measurement in sec. substations - intelligent meters (load profile and voltage) - analysis of injection Findings will be applied in the whole grid ara 22

23 Expected results Detailed modelling of feed-in and load-behavior als basis for grid simulation and grid design Optimization of reinforcement Finding of specifications for equipment (e.g. inverters) first experience with new equipments (self-regulation distribution-transformer, storage, ) Experience with communication requirements 23

24 Agenda 4. solutions 4.1 grid reinforcement 4.2 optimization of planning parameters 4.3 use full voltage range adjustment of output voltage 24

25 Focussed grid 110 kv prim. sub station ΔU MS ~ 20 kv MV-grid LV-grid ~ ΔU NS

26 Voltage level in MV- and LV-grid ΔU MV = 4 % and ΔU LV = 3 % (output voltage exemplary!) U/U N (%) U soll = 21,8 kv U MV = 22,6 kv r=52 U LV = 435 V U MV = 20,8 kv r=52 U LV-max = 448 V Valid voltage according to EN at connection point between 360 V and 440 V 0-2 U LV = 400 V -4 U LV-min = 380 V 26

27 solution reduce output voltage of prim. substation U/U N (%) U old = 21,8 kv 10 8 U MV = 21,6 kv U LV-max = 427 V 6 U new = 20,8 kv U LV = 415 V U MV = 19,8 kv Valid voltage according to EN at connection point between 360 V and 440 V -2 ür U LV = 380 V U LV = 360 V

28 Agenda 4. solutions 4.1 grid reinforcement 4.2 optimization of planning parameters 4.3 use full voltage range adjustment of output voltage 4.4 use full voltage range self regulating distribution transformer 28

29 solution self regulating distribution transformer U/U N (%) 14 U soll alt = 21,8 kv soll neu = 20,8 kv U MV = 21,8 kv r>52 U LV = 412 V U MV = 19,8 kv r=52 U LV = 380 V U LV = 432 V Valid voltage according to EN at connection point between 360 V and 440 V U LV = 360 V 29

30 Use full voltage range self regulating distribution transformer With self regulating distribution transformers increase of feed-in power up to 270 theoretically Practically lower increase Currently only pilot productions For success price will by relevant 30

31 Agenda 4. solutions 4.1 grid reinforcement 4.2 optimization of planning parameters 4.3 use full voltage range adjustment of output voltage 4.4 use full voltage range self regulating distribution transformer 4.5 reactive power-management by inverters 31

32 Reactive-power-management by inverters to reduce voltage rise Relevant technical guideline in Germany for MV-grid: - min. cos phi von 0,95 inductive to 0,95 capacitive - individuel requirement by grid operator - possible operational modes: cos phi cos phi (P) Q fix Q(U) Reactive power management (usually receiving of inductive react. power) increase of feed-in-powewr up to 200 % theoretically (practically lower increase) 32

33 Agenda 4. solutions 4.1 grid reinforcement 4.2 optimization of planning parameters 4.3 use full voltage range adjustment of output voltage 4.4 use full voltage range self regulating distribution transformer 4.5 reactive power-management by inverters 4.6 grid monitoring 33

34 Grid-monitoring HV: - conductor monitoring (E.ON Netz) primary substations HV/MV: - monitoring of transformer temperature - currently not in use at E.ON Bavaria MV: - voltage monitoring: is being established - for each MV-grid 3 4 measuring points in the first step LV: - monitoring currently not in use 34

35 Agenda 4. solutions 4.1 grid reinforcement 4.2 optimization of planning parameters 4.3 use full voltage range adjustment of output voltage 4.4 use full voltage range self regulating distribution transformer 4.5 reactive power-management by inverters 4.6 grid monitoring 4.7 feed-in-management 35

36 Feed-in-management feed-in-management according to German EEG 2012 permitted only until full reinforcement of grid. From the perspective of grid operator a permanent feed-inmanagement would be helpful. Regulation of generation - Hydro power plants: only partly possible - biomass: only partly possible - No problems with PV s, in Germany since 2012 permitted 36

37 Agenda 1. Development of DG s using the example of E.ON Bavaria 2. Impact of increasing DG on the grid 3. Prognosis of PV 4. Solutions 5. Amount of grid-reinforcement 6. Conclusion 37

38 Necessary reinforcement of transmission- and distribution grid Current scenario transmission grid until 2020 Necessary reinforcement in Germany [thousnad km] 815 km km Total investment [billion EUR] only dena II dena I study 2005 dena II study 2010 Current scenario distribution gids until 2020 PV Wind (onshore) renewables [GW] Energiekonzept 2020 Leitszenario "BMU" Necessary reinforcement in Germany [thousand km] ,35 0,65 55 HS MS NS Total investment [billion EUR] Billions of Euros for transmission and distribution grids *source BDEW (Abschätzung Ausbaubedarfs in dt. Verteilungsnetzen wg. Photovoltaik- und Windeinspeisungen bis 2020) 38

39 Volume of reinforcement caused by DG s at E.ON Bavaria Currently approx. 100 Mio. per year 4 5 primary substations ca. 400 km MV-line ca. 400 km LV-line ca. 550 secondary substations ca replacement of distr. transformers Grid reinforcement at E.ON Bavaria with high impact by DG 39 39

40 Agenda 1. Development of DG s using the example of E.ON Bavaria 2. Impact of increasing DG on the grid 3. Prognosis of PV 4. Solutions 5. Amount of grid-reinforcement 6. Conclusion 40

41 conclusion Grids are fundamental for energy system. Change of energy system causes big challenges for transmission- and distribution grids. Reinforcement of distribution grids must increase faster as expected due to change of energy system. Enormous investment is necessary for connection of DG. First estimations: billion until 2020 generation must support grid stability. 4 Grid operators can reduce reinforcement of grids by using smart and intelligent technologies (e.g. using full voltage range) 5 Storage development is absolutely important. Adjustment of regulation is necessary 41

42 Thank you for your attention! Contact data: Dipl.-Ing. (Univ.) Johannes Brantl E.ON Bayern AG Lilienthalstraße Regensburg 42