R package

Transcription

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2 R package Download choose the R version for your OS install R for the first time Download R 3 run R MAGDA MIELCZAREK 2

3 help help( nameofthefunction )? nameofthefunction args(nameofthefunction) apropos( word ) example(nameofthefunction) help.search( keyword ) Statistical methods

4 R usage Polish English Sys.setenv(LANG = "en") workspace (command line) 4

5 File New file (.R) workspace vs. new file right click + execute a code 5

6 R package R = statistical analysis environment R = programming language GUI not avaiable (trust me, it s an advantage ) For free! 6

7 calculator arithmetic operations x + y x y x * y x / y x ^ y sum difference product quotient raising to a power 7

8 calculator arithmetic functions round(x,a) abs(x) sqrt(x) factorial(x) rounding of numbers absolute value square root factorial 8

9 Elements of R Variable contains known value (e.g. x = 5, y = text ) Why do we need variables? Variable names: any string of letters, numbers, other characters (like. or _ ) watch out for lowercase and uppercase letters (data Data DATA) Data types: numeric character logical vector list matrix data frame 9

10 Elements of R Variable contains known value (e.g. x = 5, y = text ) Variable names: any string of letters, numbers, other characters (like. or _ ) watch out for lowercase and uppercase letters (data Data DATA) Data types: numeric character logical vector list matrix data frame contains numbers scientific notation is allowed (2e3) 10

11 Data types: numeric 11

12 Elements of R Variable contains known value (e.g. x = 5, y = text ) Variable names: any string of letters, numbers, other characters (like. or _ ) watch out for lowercase and uppercase letters (data Data DATA) Data types: numeric character logical vector list matrix data frame string of characters quotation marks are needed 12

13 Data types: character 13

14 Elements of R Variable contains known value (e.g. x = 5, y = text ) Variable names: any string of letters, numbers, other characters (like. or _ ) watch out for lowercase and uppercase letters (data Data DATA) Data types: numeric character logical vector list matrix data frame TRUE or FALSE In the arithmetic expression converted to 0 (F) and 1 (T) 14

15 Data types: logical 15

16 Elements of R Variable contains known value (e.g. x = 5, y = text ) Variable names: any string of letters, numbers, other characters (like. or _ ) watch out for lowercase and uppercase letters (data Data DATA) Data types: numeric character logical vector list matrix data frame elements of the same type defined by c() 16

17 Data types: vector 17

18 Data types: vector 18

19 Elements of R Variable contains known value (e.g. x = 5, y = text ) Variable names: any string of letters, numbers, other characters (like. or _ ) watch out for lowercase and uppercase letters (data Data DATA) Data types: numeric character logical vector list matrix data frame different types elements defined by list() 19

20 Elements of R Variable contains known value (e.g. x = 5, y = text ) Variable names: any string of letters, numbers, other characters (like. or _ ) watch out for lowercase and uppercase letters (data Data DATA) Data types: numeric character logical vector list matrix data frame defined by matrix() 20

21 Data types: matrix 3 rows, 5 columns, filled with 0 21

22 Elements of R Variable contains known value (e.g. x = 5, y = text ) Variable names: any string of letters, numbers, other characters (like. or _ ) watch out for lowercase and uppercase letters (data Data DATA) Data types: numeric character logical vector list matrix data frame elements of the column are the same type different types of data in different columns data.frame() function 22

23 Files in R package Read data from the website dane <- read.table( address", header, delimiter) Read data from the hard drive: dane <- read.table( path/file, header, delimiter) Writing of the file: write.table(mydata, "c:/mydata.txt", sep="\t") # to a tab delimited text file 23

24 Files in R package 24

25 Descriptive statistics functions max() min() range() mean() median() var() sd() cor() cov() length() 25

26 descriptive statistics graphs histogram 26

27 descriptive statistics graphs boxplot 27

28 File Save as quality 28