Outline. Wireless Technology Evolution GPRS Overview 3GPP All IP Network 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem

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Gavin Barton
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1 3GPP All IP Network

2 Outline Wireless Technology Evolution GPRS Overview 3GPP All IP Network 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem

3 Vision of Comm. System 3G/4G/ Source: DoCoMo 3

4 Wireless Technology Evolution 1G Analog System AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) : 中華電信 090 系統 2G Digital System GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) 900MHz and 1.8GHz (DCS1800) TDMA Technologies 9.6K bps Data Rate (Shore Message Service; SMS) 歐亞 160 Countries, 全球 55% 市場, 約 5 億個用戶 CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) IS-95: Data Rate 14.4K bps (cdmaone) IS-95B: Data Rate 64 Kbps Qualcom 亞太北美市場, 約 7,500 萬用戶 D-AMPS 又稱 IS-136

5 GSM System 2.5G High Speed Circuit Switch Data (HSCSD) Up to Kbps General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Up to Kbps Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) 改變調變技術 up to 384 Kbps ( 亦被視為 3G 技術 ) D-AMPS EDGE cdma System cdma 1x Up to 144 Kbps Korea

6 3G IMT-2000 Year 2000 Ready Operate at 2000 MHz Provide 2000K bps Data Rate 3G Data Rate 要求 Vehicular Kbps Pedestrian Kbps Indoor --- 2Mbps Three Important 3G Technologies Standards W-CDMA (Wideband CDMA) ( 歐日系統 ) GSM/GPRS/EDGE W-CDMA cdma2000 ( 北美系統 ) TD-SCDMA (Time Division Synchronize CDMA) ( 大陸系統 )

7 From 2G to 3G From Voice Service to Rich, Interactive Multimediabased Personal Communication Service Permanent Network Connection with High Data Rate 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps Mobile Access to High-quality Video, Audio, Graphics and Multimedia as Fixed Internet Massive Increase in Network Capacity To Support Billions of Subscribers Global Roaming Use Single Terminal to Access Identical Services All Around the World

8 GPRS System Packet Switching Technology Based on GSM Cellular Network High Data Speed 21.4 Kbps per Time Slot (channel) Up to 8 Time Slots Physical Channel for Data Transmission Assigned on Demand Can Be Shared with Other Users GSM Visited MSC/VLR Gateway MSC/VLR PSTN BSS HLR PCU Gb SGSN Gn GGSN External Data Network GPRS

9 GPRS Logical Architecture SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC E C MSC/VLR D HLR A Gs Gd Gr Gc MS Um BSS Gb SGSN Gn GGSN PDN TE Gn Gp Gf SGSN GGSN EIR other PLMN Signalling & Data Transfer Signalling

10 SGSN and GGSN SGSN HLR GGSN IP based Network Serving GPRS Support Node. Mobility Management (Location Update, Paging etc.). Access Control & Security (Authentication, Ciphering). BSS Queue Management. GSM Circuit-Switched Interactions. Operation Data, such as Billing Info. Gateway GPRS Support Node. Interworking between PDN and GPRS PLMN. Packet Screening. Routing Tables about Attached GPRS Subscribers. Address Mapping. PDU Tunneling. Operation Data, such as Billing Info.

11 GPRS MM/SM Mobility Management Attach Detach Security Routing Area Update Session Management PDP Context Activation PDP Context Deactivation PDP Context Modification

12 GPRS Data Transfer MS Sends Packet, Destined to Another MS s PDP Address, to SGSN. SGSN Delivers Packets to GGSN. GGSN Determines the SGSN where MS Registered by Checking the PDP Context Corresponding to PDP Address. GGSN Tunnels the PDU to SGSN Using GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP). SGSN Receives and Decapsulates the Packet, and Delivers to MS. BSS SGSN BSS SGSN GPRS Backbone GGSN IP Network Internet

13 3GPP UMTS System Uu Iu USIM Cu ME UE Node B RNC Node B Iub Iur Node B RNC Node B UTRAN Iu-CS Iu-CS Iu-PS 3G MSC/VLR Gs Gr GMSC HLR Gc GGSN Iu-PS 3G SGSN Gn D D Core Network PLMN, PSTN, ISDN,... Internet External Networks System Architecture of 3GPP Release 99

14 Introduction All IP Architecture Based on packet technologies and IP telephony for real time and non real time services An evolution from Release 99 specifications All IP core network should support release 99 CS terminals Radio Access Network (RAN) Based on ERAN and UTRAN Core Network Based on the evolution of GPRS

15 All IP Network Architecture Circuit Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Packet (user traffic / signaling) MS Node B Node B RNC Iu_PS HSS Gr Mh SGSN Iu_CS (user traffic) R-SGW Cx Gc Gn Ms CSCF GGSN Mc Mr Mg Legacy mobile signaling network MRF MGCF Mm Internet MS Iu_CS (control part) MAP MGW Mc Nb MAP MGW Mc PSTN MSC Server Nc GMSC Server T-SGW

16 Circuit-Switched Services Circuit Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Packet (user traffic / signaling) R-SGW Legacy mobile signaling network Mh HSS Gr Node B RNC MS Node B Iu_CS (user traffic) MS Iu_CS (control part) MAP MGW Nb MGW PSTN Mc MAP Mc MSC Server Nc GMSC Server T-SGW

17 Packet-Switched Services Circuit Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Packet (user traffic / signaling) HSS Gr Gc Node B RNC Iu_PS SGSN Gn GGSN Internet MS Node B MS

18 Real-Time PS Services Circuit Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Packet (user traffic / signaling) R-SGW Legacy mobile signaling network Mh Ms HSS Gr Cx Gc CSCF Mr Mg MRF Mm Node B RNC Iu_PS SGSN Gn GGSN Internet MS Node B MS

19 Interworking with PSTN Circuit Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Packet (user traffic / signaling) Mh Node B MS Node B RNC Iu_PS HSS Gr SGSN R-SGW Cx Gc Gn Ms CSCF GGSN Mc Mr Mg MGCF Legacy mobile signaling network MRF Mm Internet MS MGW PSTN T-SGW

20 All IP Network Architecture Circuit Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Packet (user traffic / signaling) MS Node B Node B RNC Iu_PS HSS Gr Mh SGSN Iu_CS (user traffic) R-SGW Cx Gc Gn Ms CSCF GGSN Mc Mr Mg Legacy mobile signaling network MRF MGCF Mm Internet MS Iu_CS (control part) MAP MGW Mc Nb MAP MGW Mc PSTN MSC Server Nc GMSC Server T-SGW

21 HSS [1/2] HSS (Home Subscriber Server) is the master database for a given user. Functionalities The HLR functionality required by the PS-Domain The circuit switched part of the HLR User control functions required by the IP multimedia (IM) subsystem HSS D C Gr Gc Mh Cx MSC Server GMSC Server SGSN GGSN R-SGW CSCF

22 HSS [2/2] MAP termination Addressing protocol termination Authentication, Authorization protocol termination IP multimedia control termination HSS MAP termination Addressing Protocol termination Authentication Authorization protocol termination IP multimedia control protocol termination C,D, Gr,Gc Mh Cx

23 All IP Network Architecture Circuit Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Packet (user traffic / signaling) MS Node B Node B RNC Iu_PS HSS Gr Mh SGSN Iu_CS (user traffic) R-SGW Cx Gc Gn Ms CSCF GGSN Mc Mr Mg Legacy mobile signaling network MRF MGCF Mm Internet MS Iu_CS (control part) MAP MGW Mc Nb MAP MGW Mc PSTN MSC Server Nc GMSC Server T-SGW

24 CSCF [1/4] Call State Control Function ICGW (Incoming Call Gateway) Acting as a first entry point to perform routing of incoming calls CCF (Call Control Function) Call setup/termination and call state/event management Application level registration handling SPD (Serving Profile Database) Interacting with HSS to receive the user profile information AH (Address Handling) Mapping between alias address (e.g., E.164 number) and transport address

25 CSCF [2/4] Proxy CSCF (P-CSCF) is the first contact point within IM CN subsystem. Its address is discovered by UEs following PDP context activation procedure. Behaving like a Proxy server defined in RFC2543 P-CSCF Discovery Use of DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Transfer the P-CSCF address with the PDP Context Activation signaling to the UE

26 CSCF [3/4] Serving CSCF (S-CSCF) performs the session control service for the UE. Maintaining a session state as needed by the network operator for support of the services Registration Behaving as a Registrar as defined in RFC2543 It accepts registration requests and makes its information available through the location server (e.g., HSS). Session Flow Interaction with service platform for support of services

27 Service Platform Interface SIP Application Server SIP+ HSS Cx S-CSCF SIP+ OSA Service Capability Server (SCS) OSA API OSA Application Server SIP+ MAP IM SSF CAP CAMEL Service Environment

28 CSCF [4/4] Interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF) is the contact point within an operator s network for all connections destined to a subscriber of that network operator. Registration Assigning a S-CSCF to a subscriber performing SIP registration Session Flow Obtaining the S-CSCF address from HSS Routing a SIP request received from another network towards S-CSCF

29 CSCF Roles & Features CSCF P-CSCF (Proxy) I-CSCF (Interrogating) S-CSCF (Serving) Behaving like Proxy server User Agent (abnormal cases) Proxy server User Agent (register reject) Registrar Proxy Server User Agent Features/Functions Register Forward SIP register to I-CSCF by home domain name. Session Flow Forward SIP messages from UE to SIP server (S-CSCF) as a result of registration procedure. Detect an emergency session and select a S-CSCF to handle emergency sessions. Authorization of bearer resources & QoS management. Register Assigning a Serving CSCF to the subscriber. Session Flow Routing a SIP request from another network towards the S-CSCF(Serving Terminating UE) Obtaining the S-CSCF address from HSS Register As a Registrar, store registration info to HSS. Session-related/unrelated Flow S-CSCF performs session control services for the UE. Interaction with Service Platforms. Maintaining a session state as needed by the network operator for support of the services.

30 All IP Network Architecture Circuit Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Packet (user traffic / signaling) MS Node B Node B RNC Iu_PS HSS Gr Mh SGSN Iu_CS (user traffic) R-SGW Cx Gc Gn Ms CSCF GGSN Mc Mr Mg Legacy mobile signaling network MRF MGCF Mm Internet MS Iu_CS (control part) MAP MGW Mc Nb MAP MGW Mc PSTN MSC Server Nc GMSC Server T-SGW

31 MGCF & MGW Media Gateway Control Function Being PSTN signaling termination point Performing protocol conversion between the legacy (e.g., ISUP) and the All-IP network call control protocols Media Gateway Being PSTN transport termination point Interfacing UTRAN over Iu

32 All IP Network Architecture Circuit Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Packet (user traffic / signaling) MS Node B Node B RNC Iu_PS HSS Gr Mh SGSN Iu_CS (user traffic) R-SGW Cx Gc Gn Ms CSCF GGSN Mc Mr Mg Legacy mobile signaling network MRF MGCF Mm Internet MS Iu_CS (control part) MAP MGW Mc Nb MAP MGW Mc PSTN MSC Server Nc GMSC Server T-SGW

33 MSC Server Mainly comprising the call control and mobility control parts of a GSM/UMTS MSC Performing the connection control for media channels in a MGW MSC server + MGW = MSC

34 All IP Network Architecture Circuit Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Packet (user traffic / signaling) MS Node B Node B RNC Iu_PS HSS Gr Mh SGSN Iu_CS (user traffic) R-SGW Cx Gc Gn Ms CSCF GGSN Mc Mr Mg Legacy mobile signaling network MRF MGCF Mm Internet MS Iu_CS (control part) MAP MGW Mc Nb MAP MGW Mc PSTN MSC Server Nc GMSC Server T-SGW

35 MRF Multimedia Resource Function Performing multi-party call and multi- media conferencing functions The same function as an MCU in the H.323 network

36 All IP Network Architecture Circuit Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Packet (user traffic / signaling) MS Node B Node B RNC Iu_PS HSS Gr Mh SGSN Iu_CS (user traffic) R-SGW Cx Gc Gn Ms CSCF GGSN Mc Mr Mg Legacy mobile signaling network MRF MGCF Mm Internet MS Iu_CS (control part) MAP MGW Mc Nb MAP MGW Mc PSTN MSC Server Nc GMSC Server T-SGW

37 T-SGW & R-SGW Transport Signaling Gateway Function Mapping call related signaling (i.e., SS7/ISUP) from PSTN/PLMN on an IP bearer and sending it to the MGCF Providing PSTN/PLMN IP transport level address mapping Roaming Signaling Gateway Function Providing communication (i.e., SS7/MAP) with a 2G/R99 MSC/VLR

38 IM Subsystem IP Multimedia (IM) CN subsystem Comprising all CN elements for provision of multimedia services The IM subsystem (IMS) utilizes the PS domain to transport multimedia signaling and bearer traffic. The IMS attempts to be conformant to IETF Internet standards. SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) has been selected as the interfaces between the IM CN elements.

39 Identification of IM Users Private user identities Assigned by the home network operator Contained in all registration requests passed from UE to the home network (for authentication) Public user identities Every IM subscriber shall have one or more public user identities. The public user identity shall take the form of SIP URL or E.164 number. Public User Identity 1 (e.g., SIP URL Subscription Private User Identity Public User Identity 2 (e.g., E.164) Public User Identity 3

40 QoS Requirement Independence between QoS signaling and Session Control Necessity for end-to-end QoS signaling and resource allocation Better than best-effort services or the background QoS class QoS Singaling at different bearer service control levels IP bearer service level UMTS bearer service level Coordination between session control and QoS signaling/resource allocation

41 End-to-End QoS Architecture GPRS TE MT UTRAN/ GERAN CN Iu EDGE NODE End-to-End Service CN Gateway TE TE/MT Local Bearer Service UMTS GPRS Bearer Service External Bearer Service Radio Access Bearer CN Bearer Service Radio Bearer Service Iu Bearer Service Backbone Bearer Service Physical Radio Service Physical Bearer Service

42 Registration UE GPRS IP MM CN Subsystem 1. Bearer Level Registration: GPRS 2. PDP Context Activation 3. Proxy CSCF Discovery 4. Application Level Registration

43 Proxy-CSCF Discovery Use of DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) UE GGSN DHCP server 1. PDP Context Activation 2. DHCP - Query/Response 2. DHCP -Relay 3. DNS - Query/Response DNS server GGSN acts as a DHCP Relay Agent 1.Create PDP context bearer ( TS ) 2.UE requests a DHCP server 2a. P-CSCF domain name 2b. IP addresses of DNS servers 3. UE performs a DNS query to retrieve P-CSCF(s) IP addresses Transfer the P-CSCF address with the PDP Context Activation signaling to the UE UE SGSN GGSN 1. Activate PDP Context Request 3. Activate PDP Context Accept 1. Create PDP Context Request 2. Get IP address of P-CSCF(s) 3. Create PDP Context Response During PDP Context Activation signalling 1. UE indicates the request of P-CSCF IP address in PDP context request 2. GGSN gets P-CSCF IP address (internal configure, implement choice) 3. P-CSCF IP address forwarded to UE

44 Application Level Registration Visited Network Home Network. Register P-CSCF 2. Register I-CSCF 3. Cx-Query HSS S-C 3. Cx-Query Resp. 4. Cx-Select-Pull 4. Cx-Select-Pull Resp. 5. Register 6. Cx-Put 6. Cx-Put-Resp. 7. Cx-Pull OK OK OK 7. Cx-Pull-Resp.

45 Application-level Registration Diagram MS MS sends sends SIP SIP REGISTER REGISTER to to P-CSCF. P-CSCF Forward Forward to to I-CSCF I-CSCF by by home home domain domain name. name User User can can register register in in the the P-CSCF P-CSCF network network?? Request Request info info about about required required S-CSCF S-CSCF cap. cap.?? Responses Responses & & Information. Information Select Select S-CSCF. S-CSCF S-CSCF S-CSCF requests requests HSS HSS to to retrieve retrieve the the subscriber subscriber info. info Download Download user user profile profile Send Send Register Register info info to to Service Service Platform. Platform. HSS 3 4 I-CSCF Home Network 5 App. Server S-CSCF Visited Network P-CSCF 2 2 P-SCSF GGSN SGSN Radio Access Network Radio Access Network 1 1 GGSN SGSN Radio Access Network Radio Access Network

46 Call Setup Diagram Originating Home Network Terminating Home Network HSS App. Server HSS App. Server I-CSCF S-CSCF 4 I-CSCF 7 S-CSCF Visited/Home Network 2 P-CSCF Visited/Home Network 9 P-CSCF GGSN SGSN Radio Access Network Radio Access Network Originating 1 GGSN SGSN Radio Access Network Radio Access Network 10 Terminating

47 Session Flow Procedure UE#1 S-CSCF#1 S-CSCF#2 UE#2 INVITE SDP Final SDP Reserv Success Ringing 200 OK ACK

48 INVITE ited Network Home Network#1 Home Network#2 1 P-CSCF S-CSCF#1 I-CSCF#2 HSS S-CSCF#2 P-CSCF UE#2 NVITE+SDP 100 trying INVITE + SDP 100 trying Service Control INVITE + SDP 100 trying Location Query Response INVITE + SDP 100 trying Service Control INVITE + SDP 100 trying INVITE + SD 100 trying

49 183 Session Progress + PRACK isited Network Home Network#1 Home Network#2 #1 P-CSCF S-CSCF#1 I-CSCF#2 HSS S-CSCF#2 P-CSCF UE#2 183 (SDP) 183 (SDP) 183 (SDP) 183 (SDP) 183 (SDP) 183 (SDP) PRACK (Final SDP) Authorize QoS Resource PRACK (Final SDP) PRACK (Final SDP) PRACK (Final SDP) Authorize QoS Resource 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK PRACK (Final S 200 OK

50 Reserv Success (COMET) isited Network Home Network#1 Home Network#2 #1 P-CSCF S-CSCF#1 I-CSCF#2 HSS S-CSCF#2 P-CSCF UE# source ervation Resourc Reservati COMET COMET COMET COMET 200 OK COMET 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK

51 Ring (180 Ringing) OK (Hang Up) + ACK isited Network Home Network#1 Home Network#2 #1 P-CSCF S-CSCF#1 I-CSCF#2 HSS S-CSCF#2 Ring Ring ingback Ring Ring Ring 200 OK 200 OK Service Control 200 OK Approval of QoS Commit P-CSCF Ring 200 OK UE Approval of QoS Commit 200 OK Service Control 200 OK ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK

52 Airlink Optimization for Real- Time IP [1/2] IP-based real-time multimedia The size of IP/UDP/RTP headers is at least 40 bytes for IPv4. The voice payload is shorter than the header. It is not possible to meet to the baseline spectral efficiency of existing circuit voice. Solutions Header Compression/Decompression Header Stripping/Regeneration

53 Airlink Optimization for Real- Time IP [2/2] Header Compression/ Decompression Header Stripping/ Regeneration IP IP IP IP IP UDP RTP Voice sample IP UDP RTP Voice sample IP UDP RTP Voice sample IP UDP RTP Voice Header compressor (UPA point) Compressed header Header decompressor (UPA point) Header compressor (UPA point) Information to support header regeneration Header regenerator (UPA point) L2/L1 (interleaving, channel coding, etc.) Air interface Voice L2/L1 (deinterleaving, channel decoding, etc.) L2/L1 (interleaving, channel coding, etc.) Voice Air interface L2/L1 (deinterleaving, channel decoding, etc.)

54 Wireless & Internet Wireless LAN FA WLAN CA SIP Proxy Server Internet MS SGSN 3G UMTS GGSN 3GPP CSCF 3GPP MGCF MGW T-SGW MGW PSTN

Introduction to 3G 1

Introduction to 3G 1 References [1] Carrier Grade Voice over IP, D. Collins, McGraw-Hill, Second Edition, 2003. [2] 3GPP TS 23.228 [3] 3GPP TS 24.228 [4] 3GPP TS 23.102 2 Outline Mobile Technology Evolution