Leveraging the Structured Cabling System for Security Applications. Mark Dearing, RCDD Leviton Network Solutions

Transcription

1 Leveraging the Structured Cabling System for Security Applications Mark Dearing, RCDD Leviton Network Solutions

2 Trends - Cable Category Mix Source: Leviton projections based on market growth rates Over 201 Million ft. of 6A cable was shipped in 2008 (3.2%) Up 53% from 2007

3 Ethernet Switches and Application Delivery Controllers

4 High Performance Cabling Market Drivers Aggregation of 1G networks Converging IP Networks VoIP, PoE, IPTV, Building Automation, Security Data Center and Horizontal Applications Edge Switch Mbps Core Switch Mbps ER/Data Center Backbone Cable TR Gbps 10G Ethernet Switch Market Up 33% from Last Year

5 Security System Types BICSI s Electronic Security & Safety (ESS) Design Manual (2 nd edition) lists 5 primary system types: Access Control Intrusion Detection Video Surveillance Fire Detection and Alarm Notification, Communication, & Display Traditionally, these systems required a proprietary cabling infrastructure that could be difficult to design, install, and test/troubleshoot. IP-enabled devices are gaining acceptance, and in many cases are quite common (e.g. cameras)

6 Advantages IP-based Security Devices Standardization Scalability System Integration & Interfacing Resource Sharing Centralized Power via PoE

7 IP-Convergence Challenges Challenges to IP-migration IP-Based Systems Power transport limited by PoE Star cabling topology Shorter cabling distances Larger cabling quantities Newer technology not readily used VPN perceived as insecure Test for NRTL Listing difficult to define Traditional Systems Power transport virtually any size Daisy-chaining/ring cabling topology Longer cabling distances Smaller cabling quantities Incumbent technology already used Separate network perceived as secure Test for NRTL Listing easily defined Source: BICSI ESS Design Manual Intrusion Detection, Fire Alarm, and Nurse Call systems in particular will often experience one or more of these challenges

8 CODES AND STANDARDS Comparing Codes & Standards National, Provincial, State and Local Codes are enforced by law and regulatory powers. Codes address electrical safety, shock, fire hazards and the quality of construction. Codes are enforced by the local Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). The purpose of a Standard is to ensure a minimum level of system performance. Standards are recommendations and are not enforceable as law. Standards Organizations Codes Organizations

9 Telecommunications Standards TIA 568-C Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard The TIA-568-C is the overall standard for Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling. The 568-C standard is broken down into four documents: C.0 Generic Telecommunications Cabling Architecture, applications, distances, etc. C.1 General Requirements Backbone, horizontal, work areas, installation & testing C.2 Copper Cabling Components Specific information for copper cabling C.3 Optical Cabling Components Specific information for optical fiber cabling

10 Telecommunications Standards Backbone Topology Star topology is required by the TIA standards. Star Topology requirements Must be a hierarchical star Maximum of two (2) levels No bridge taps

11 Telecommunications Standards Backbone Distance Media Type A MC to HC Maximum B MC to IC Maximum C IC to HC Maximum HC HC 100 ohm Twisted Pair Telecommunic ations 100 ohm Twisted Pair Data 2,624 ft (800m) 295 ft (90m) 1,640 ft (500m) 984 ft (300m) A IC C 62.5/125 MM Fiber 10/100 Mbps 50/125 MM Fiber 10/100 Mbps 8.3/125 SM Fiber 10/100 Mbps 6,560 ft (2000m) 6,560 ft (2000m) 9,840 ft (3000m) 5,575 ft (1,700m) 5,575 ft (1,700m) 8,855 ft (2,700m) 984 ft (300m) 984 ft (300m) 984 ft (300m) EF B B MC HC = Horizontal Cross Connect IC = Intermediate Cross Connect MC = Main Cross Connect EF = Entrance Facility

12 Telecommunications Standards Horizontal Distance HC CP WA 295 ft (90m) Maximum HC = Horizontal Cross Connect CP = Consolidation Point WA = Work Area

13 Structured Cabling System Advantages A properly designed and installed structured cabling system provides a cabling infrastructure that delivers predictable performance as well as flexibility to accommodate growth and change over an extended period of time. Advantages: Consistency The same cabling system is used everywhere in the building Simplifies moves, add-ons and changes (MAC) Simplifies troubleshooting and ease of network management Support of future applications cabling outlives hardware

14 Panel-based systems require legacy wiring to devices at the door Ethernet-based panels can patch into a nearby WA outlet, often in the same enclosure Be aware of plenum requirements if panels are placed in ceiling Access Control TIA Channel Ends Here WA

15 Access Control Edge devices combine the panel and reader into a single device WA Most devices have RJ45 jacks built-in These devices should still be patched into a WA outlet TIA Channel Ends Here Don t crimp plugs onto horizontal cabling Be aware of plenum requirements if WA outlets are placed in ceiling

16 Access Control Some door hardware manufacturers are moving towards self-contained PoEpowered Ethernet devices WA These devices require a channel through the door for the cabling Some type of non-rj45 style connector is likely for the transfer hinge For this to fall under the TIA guidelines, the lock, door cabling, and hinge must be considered a single piece of active equipment TIA Channel Ends Here

17 Intrusion Detection Limited ability to integrate into building s structured cabling system. Sensors require 2-wire cable that is either home-run back to the control panel, or possibly daisy-chained into zones. Some control panels have Ethernet capabilities for alarm reporting.

18 Fire Detection & Alarm Limited ability to integrate into building s structured cabling system. Large systems utilize addressable sensors that can be installed on a 2-wire cable loop, connected to the control panel Device address indicates location within building Control panels can have Ethernet capabilities for alarm reporting.

19 Growing Market Video Surveillance IP Cameras growing at 50% Total CCTV Market (IP & analog) growing at 23% annually Both IP and analog cameras will coexist for a substantial period of time What if you could use a single cabling infrastructure to support either analog or IP devices?

20 Video Surveillance Cable Trends 200 CCTV Cable Type Usage Forecast Millions of Meters UTP for IP UTP for Analog Fiber Coaxial Source: US Building Electronic Security, BSRIA, May 2008

21 Video Surveillance IP Cameras Just another Data Drop Centralized power via PoE Standards, test methodology, and installation practices well defined by TIA & BICSI Use of standard voice & data products:

22 Power Over Ethernet PoE IEEE 802.3af Existing standard 15.4W of power PoE powered security device power needs Ethernet Device Request to Exit Power 1 W PoE Plus IEE 802.3at 25W of power Ratified September 2009 Door Interface Module Card Reader Locking Fixed Camera PTZ Camera 2.4 W 3 W 6 W 3-13 W W

23 Video Surveillance Analog Cameras Cost Savings Material savings by switching from coax Operational savings though use of Structured Cabling System Simplified Installations Fewer and smaller cables reduce congestion and cable management requirements Streamlined Operations Centralized power design locates all equipment in TR for convenient maintenance by IT staff Superior Lifespan A standards-based cabling system will support today s analog cameras as well as tomorrow s IP cameras

24 Baluns Analog cameras and recorders are designed around the 75 ohm unbalanced signal used by coaxial cable. UTP cabling requires a 100 ohm balanced signal. The video signal conversion is accomplished by use of a balun (short for balanced/unbalanced). Video Balun

25 UTP Video Security Infrastructure Solutions Manufactures offer suites of products for UTP Video applications that offer advantages beyond simple balun technology.

26 Point-to-Point Analog Video Very long runs are possible Cost effective for simple coax-to-utp conversion Not TIA compliant in most instances No migration path to IP

27 Video Only Transmission Passive Transceiver Baluns Transmit video signal up to 750 feet using just 1 of the 4 pairs in the UTP Cable Passive device does not require power to operate Active Video Transmitter & Receivers Transmit video signal up to 2000 feet, 4000 feet, or longer Requires power for the on-board electronics Many models include Automatic Gain Control (AGC) instead of manual adjustments

28 Analog Video over Copper Backbone Utilize existing telecommunication infrastructure Distance from TR Camera determines TIA compliance (upgrade path) Always transition from horizontal cable with a housing

29 Video, Power & Data Transceiver Baluns Transmit all 3 signals over a single 4-pair UTP cable Cameras receive power from central source in TR Some models have power supply build in, supporting as much as 16 cameras with only 1RU Even though video can go 750 feet, power characteristics of camera will be the limiting factor

30 Power Distance Calculations 100 ma Camera 200 ma Camera 300 ma Camera 400 ma Camera 1A Camera Power Distance Chart Power Supply Voltage 12 VDC 24 VAC 28 VAC Voltage at the Camera 10.8 VDC 21.6 VAC 21.6 VAC 2-pair 24 AWG (Cat 5e) 467 ft 934 ft 2493 ft 2-pair 23 AWG (Cat 6) 589 ft 1178 ft 3143 ft 2-pair 22 AWG (Cat 6A) 743 ft 1486 ft 3965 ft 2-pair 24 AWG (Cat 5e) 233 ft 467 ft 1246 ft 2-pair 23 AWG (Cat 6) 294 ft 589 ft 1571 ft 2-pair 22 AWG (Cat 6A) 371 ft 743 ft 1982 ft 2-pair 24 AWG (Cat 5e) 155 ft 311 ft 831 ft 2-pair 23 AWG (Cat 6) 196 ft 392 ft 1047 ft 2-pair 22 AWG (Cat 6A) 247 ft 495 ft 1321 ft 2-pair 24 AWG (Cat 5e) 116 ft 233 ft 623 ft 2-pair 23 AWG (Cat 6) 147 ft 294 ft 785 ft 2-pair 22 AWG (Cat 6A) 185 ft 371 ft 991 ft 2-pair 24 AWG (Cat 5e) 46 ft 93 ft 249 ft 2-pair 23 AWG (Cat 6) 58 ft 117 ft 314 ft 2-pair 22 AWG (Cat 6A) 74 ft 148 ft 396 ft Conductor Conductor Resistance Resistance Max. Current AWG Diameter (in.) Diameter (mm) Ohms/1000ft Ohms/km Amps Parameters Calculations V Source Power Supply Voltage (V) R = Rw * 2 * D / (1000 * N) V Camera Voltage at Camera (V) V source = I * R + V camera R wire Resistance/1000 ft (W) V camera = V source - I * R D Cable Length (ft) D = 1000 * N * (V source- V camera )/ (Rw * 2 * I) N No. of pairs I = 1000 * N * (V source - V camera))/ (Rw * 2 * D) I Camera current (A)

31 TIA Standard Permanent Link VPD products provide the easiest and most logical upgrade path for future IP usage. TIA compliant horizontal link (jack-to-jack) Upgrade from analog to IP with simple patching change in TR (no change to horizontal link)

32 Ease of Design Permanent Link Advantages If the designer is not familiar with cameras, all they need to do is put a data port at the camera location Camera selection can occur after cabling design The cabling can be tested This allows the installer to show documentation that the cabling is correct before leaving the job site This can avoid finger-pointing if one contractor installs the cable and another installs the cameras Upgrade Path The upgrade path from analog to IP becomes a patching change in the TR

33 Video, Power & Data Signal Integrator Hubs Signal Integrator Hubs are the closest equivalent to a PoE Midspan Their purpose is to inject power at some point between the camera and recording device The Signal Integrator products allow you to maintain the TIA Permanent Link topology, even when the video signal must continue on the Copper Backbone to the recording device.

34 Extended Distance Video, Power, & Data TIA compliant horizontal link from TR to Camera Video & Data travel upstream on Copper Backbone Signal integrator injects power to camera from TR Upgrade from analog to IP with simple patching change in TR (no change to horizontal link)

35 Dealing with the Fiber Backbone Place DVR in TR Use Ethernet port on DVR to remotely manage/archive data Distributed storage can reduce bandwidth over backbone Less secure than centrally locating all storage together

36 Dealing with the Fiber Backbone Fiber transceivers Transmit analog video over fiber Requires transmitter/receiver at each end Transceivers must match type of fiber used

37 Dealing with the Fiber Backbone IP Encoder / Web Servers Converts analog video signal to digital signal Requires IP address for each device Once video signal is in digital form, NVR can be used at the head end

38 Compatibility with Data Network Bandwidth Compared to Category-rated data signals, baseband video signals of CCTV use almost no bandwidth Frequency (MHz)

39 Compatibility with Data Network EMI Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) occurs when systems share a common electromagnetic environment, and their frequencies of operation overlap. If the systems operate over a different range of frequencies, they do not interfere with each other. Alien Crosstalk is a significant issue for Cat 6A data networks because of the 500 MHz frequency used. Alien Crosstalk is not a concern when running baseband video next to a data cable because the two systems operate at much different frequencies. Alien Crosstalk

40 Compatibility with Data Network - Power DC Voltage (12V DC) will not cause interference because the signal does not alternate (i.e. no frequency) AC Voltage (24V or 28V) will not cause interference because it operates at 60Hz (or 50Hz in other countries), which is well below the frequencies used by data signals. When the positive and negative signals are placed on the same pair, the wire twists provide inherent signal cancellation.

41 Compatibility with Data Network - Thermal UTP cable performance specifications assume a temperature of 20 C. Temperatures higher than 20 C result in: Signal degradation/attenuation Risk of premature aging of jacketing materials Elevated temperatures DO NOT result in: Cables melting Safety risks Plenum rated cables perform better at higher temperatures than riser.

42 TSB-184 Draft Standard Proposed TIA TSB-184, "Guidelines for Supporting Power Delivery over Balance Twisted-Pair Cabling Transmission parameters Installation conditions Applications considerations Field testing for specific implementations such as mid-span Safety issues are NOT addressed TSB will focus on PoE Plus parameters, but should provide some guidance for running 12V DC or 24/28V AC through solid conductor UTP cable.

43 Summary Security applications are quickly migrating towards Ethernet platforms With the right planning, a single cabling infrastructure could support existing and future technology Video Surveillance offers the greatest opportunity, followed by Access Control Alarm and Intrusion Detection offer limited opportunities to leverage data cabling system

44 THANK YOU