You have to remember that

Transcription

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2 Review You have to remember that Circuit Switched Network Packet Switched Network To install Dynagen & Dynamips To find a idlepc value To Set up a Router Various Command

3 Contents IP Internetworking Internet Routing Introduction to QoS(Quality of Service) The QoS in Internet MAC Layer LLC Layer

4 1. Internetworking IP Internetworking Connect to a network on the Internet Packet transmission is performed by the IP protocol [Fig 3 15] sender Router A Router B receiver ATM network Telnet Telnet Ethernet Ethernet Structure of IP internetwoking

5 1. Internetworking IP Internetworking If Different from MAC layer, packet conversion function is necessary [Fig 3 16] If necessary, the packet splitting and merging process is also performed Router A Router B TCP header Ethernet header PPP header ATM header IP header Header conversion in IP inter netwoking

6 1. Internetworking Internet Routing Fixed Routing A static route permanent in between sending and receiving host Advantage: Simple and efficient routing possible Disadvantage: Due to changes traffic, Dynamic Routing is impossible

7 1. Internetworking Internet Routing Fixed Routing Assume R3, R7 Line: High speed communications support Net.2 less busy than the Net.4

8 1. Internetworking Internet Routing Fixed Routing Assume R3, R7 Line: High speed communications support Net.2 less busy than the Net.4

9 1. Internetworking Internet Routing Adaptive Routing Internet Connection status is changed, it applies to transfer path assignment. Specific network or a router that behave abnormally From a specific location in the network if congestion occurs Disadvantage: Path decision making process will increase the burden on the router Mismatch between the temporal information of the router is always present.

10 1. Internetworking Internet Routing Autonomous System Logical single unit working on same routing features Internal Routing Protocol: Used inside an Autonomous System External Routing Protocol : Used between Autonomous System Connection of Autonomous System. [Fig 3 19] Internal routing Automatic Automatic system system protocol external routing protocol Network router

11 2. Quality of service QoS overview Connection setup dl delay Connection setup failure probability Transfer rate Transmission delay Transmission error rate Priority

12 2. Quality of service QoS on the Internet IP Protocol Apply the same criteria to all packets Does not guarantee Sequence data to arrive and 100% receive. Characteristics for each type of transfer data. Video Information: Real time transmission of large amounts, Ignoring transmission errors Computer Data: Real time Transport unnecessary, Sensitive to transmission errors. Real time support in IP protocol Action is required in advance to store in a buffer Delay in the first data processing point. QoS Support in IP protocol Should be able to distinguish each packet in Routers and hosts

13 3. Data transmission Transfer and Exchange The outline of transfer and exchange [Figure4 1] exchange: Data to be transmitted at the fork to choose a path. transfer: 1:1 physical transfer of data between systems that are connected transport exchange [Figure 4 1] Transport and exchange Transport meida Host

14 3. Data transmission Transfer and Exchange The category of transfer Point to Point One to One Connecting in physically. Switching WAN Broadcasting Shared by the host to connect to the transmission medium No Switching LAN

15 3. Data transmission Point to Point Star, Ring, Complete, Irregular Star type Ring type Complete type Irregular type

16 3. Data transmission Point to Point Star Network In local area networks with a star topology, each network host is connected to a cen tral hub with a point to point connection. Tree Topology: The extension of star [Figure 4 3] Tree Topology

17 3. Data transmission Point to Point Ring Network A network topology that is set up in a circular fashion in which data travels around t he ring in one direction and each device on the right acts as a repeater to keep the si gnal strong as it travels.

18 3. Data transmission Point to Point Regular One to One Connecting with all existing host on network No exchange function An extremely inefficient way Irregular A lot of traffic areas have a large number of connections. Low traffic areas a small number of connections.

19 3. Data transmission Broadcasting Type All hosts connected to the network by passing data to Mainly used in a LAN environment Bus Ring [Figure 4 4] 4] Bus Type [Figure 4 4] Broadcasting way Ring Type

20 3. Data transmission The way to Broadcast Bus Topology All the hosts connect to the shared bus More than one host, if a crash occurs, the data transfer Resolution of conflicts Prevention: How to transfer a different time zone, and the tokens can be controlled Post Resolution: Requires the ability to detect collisions (eg, Ethernet) Star Topology Loops connected to the host Data submitted by the sending host, then sent the ring to host a spin cycled repercu ssion The middle of the host specified by the receiving host to host, the data stored in the internal In order to transfer the data required to secure the toke

21 3. Data transmission MultiPoint Communications Based on a sending host Unipoint: Connection with a receiving host Multipoint: Connection with the receipt of a number of host The sending host to transmit a single Unicasting: Transfer data to a receiving host Multicasting: Transfer data to multiple receiving hosts

22 3. Data transmission MultiPoint Communications Multipoint Unicast [Figure 4 5] One to Many data transmission using unicast. Sender [Figure 4 5] Multipoint Unicasting Receiver

23 3. Data transmission MultiPoint Communications Broadcasting [Figure 4 6] Transfer that data to all hosts I came to my address, messages are processed. Sender [Figure 4 6] Broadcasting Receiver

24 3. Data transmission MultiPoint Communications Multicasting [Figure 4 7] Supporting One to Many Data Transmission. Sender can send a message once, Each Receiver can receive a message. For example: Sender is a, Receiver is d, e, f Sender [Figure 4 7] Multicasting Receiver

25 4. IEEE 802 series MAC layer and LLC layer Layer 2function divide id by MAC and dllcl layer in LAN environment [fig5 1] LLC : Performed layer 2 function in 7 layer model MAC : reflect the LAN s physical feature to increase transfer efficiency

26 4. IEEE 802 series MAC layer and LLC layer MAC layer Attribute is Seperated by type of LAN Ethernet Supporting a shear bus structure, caused a crash Require collision detector Token ring : token can control data transmission, so crash is not occur LLC layer Performed data link layer function of WAN environment

27 4. IEEE 802 series IEEE 802 series [fig 5-2] IEEE 802.1: introduce whole standard d IEEE 802.2: introduce LLC layer IEEE ~: introduce variety environment of MAC layer

28 4. IEEE 802 series IEEE 802 series CSMA/CD Definition of terms MA(Multiple Access):multifull hosts connected to a single shared medium CS(Carrier Sense):Host can determine available of shared medium using signal detect CD(Collision Detection): confirm the data conflict in shared media Resolve conflicts in a shared media Allow conflict type : CSMA/CD CSMA/CD Crash avoidance type: Time slot Collision detection is required as essential After collision detection, retransmission function recover the error The length of shared media increase transmission delay, so collision possibility is increase

29 4. IEEE 802 series IEEE 802 series CSMA/CD Principle of data transmission [Fig 5 3] Data transmission occur host 5 to host 1

30 4. IEEE 802 series IEEE 802 series Token bus [Fig5 4] Supporting token bus as physically Supporting ring structure as logically using token To transmit data, must have a token

31 4. IEEE 802 series IEEE 802 series Token ring Supports physical ring structure The behavior of the host : standby mode, transmission mode Standby mode Input data is sent directly to output not affect to network when the host is down Transmission mode Gained a token that can transmit data Host perform a mediation, output can transmission data

32 4. IEEE 802 series IEEE 802 series Token ring [Fig 5 5] 5] One token around the ring in normal phase Host that have a token can transmission data Trasmission Data by the sender, circle the ring than return to sender Destination address is host, data storage

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