IMPLEMENTATION OF A GUI REMOTE SYSTEM FOR HOME AUTOMATION Awuhe T. Samuel 1, Tingir T. James 2, Kpochi P. Kpochi 3

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1 340 IMPLEMENTATION OF A GUI REMOTE SYSTEM FOR HOME AUTOMATION Awuhe T. Samuel 1, Tingir T. James 2, Kpochi P. Kpochi 3 1,2,3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria 1 samzfrter@gmail.com, 2 jaytinter@gmail.com, 3 kpochipaul@gmail.com ABSTRACT This research presents the implementation of a low cost Home Automation System (HAS) with wireless remote control system via PC. The system incorporates a GUI (Graphical User Interface) which is connected to An Arduino Uno ( ATEMGA 328 P-PU) microcontroller via a Bluetooth HC-05 module. The Controller is connected to the load via three relays. The system was tested on several loads, ( Fan, Lamp and Socket) and the loads were controlled as desired. The C sharp Language was used for the GUI while the C language was used to program the Microcontroller. Keywords: Remote Controlling Arduino Uno, Home Automation System (HAS), Bluetooth, GUI. 1. INTRODUCTION In a growing world of technology, life is generally made easy with the use of electronic gadgets and computers. Wireless communication is increasing day by day. The home appliances control system (HACS) is a system which provides various services to remotely operate home appliances, such as lighting, electric fans, Television, microwave oven, garage door etc. through remote control device. In this project, the user controls his/her home appliance from a remote point by clicking a button on a graphical user interface (GUI). This will make users of these appliances more comfortable to operate them at a particular point. The controller is programmed to interface with computer using Bluetooth. Arduino UNO is used in this project to interface different components like Bluetooth module and relay network. The proposed system is easy to use, simple, secure, robust and can also be controlled through GUI. An Arduino microcontroller consists of physical and programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller). The Arduino UNO is powered by a 5volt power supply. The device when programmed can control appliances from a remote distance. The objectives of this research are; To design a GUI for the control of home appliances. To design an Arduino based control system that can communicate with the GUI. To construct a Bluetooth wireless system that can aid in the control of home appliances. The Home Appliance Control System has been in existence in a while. Naresh et al.(2013) [1] designed a home electrical appliances control system over the internet by using Bluetooth Wireless Technology to provide a link from the appliance to the internet and Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) to provide a data link between the internet and mobile phone was developed. Aniket et al.(2015) [2] in another research demonstrated that the control of home appliances can be extended beyond the home network to Wireless mobile networks without any modification in the network specifications; this was accomplished by developing and implementing a home audio video interoperability (HAVI) and wireless application protocol (WAP) specifications, respectively. The gateways uses both pull and push technologies, improves the network integration and provides opportunity for developing applications that combine mobile devices with home network devices. Masesh (2014) [3] designed and implementation of internet home automation system which uses an embedded controller based on C8051F005 micro controller which is connected to a personal computer (PC) based home web server via RS232 serial port was also achieved in one research. The home appliances are connected to the input/output port and the sensors are connected to the analogue/digital converter channels of the embedded controller. The software of the system is based on the combination of Kiel C, Java Server pages, JavaBeans and dynamic DNS service (DDNS) client. Password protection is used to block the unauthorized users from accessing the server (). Mohamed and Jayavrinda (2013) [4] in a similar research designed a Wireless remote monitoring system based on the GPRS and the Micro-programmed Control Unit (MCU). The System is based on 89C58 micro controller and PIML GPRS-MODEM as the core. It can collect data from eight sensors, control two-way data Acquisition, in the local real-

2 341 time display and support remote internet monitoring. The data from sensors are encoded, sent to the WEB server (fixed IP address or fixed domain name website) through the GPRS channels. The system also accepts a command from remote monitoring centers. Sriskanthan and Tan (2002) [5] implemented A general purpose controlling module with a designed capability of controlling and sensing up to five devices simultaneously was designed to reduce the need for human intervention. The communication between the controlling module and the remote server is done using Bluetooth technology. The server can communicate with many such modules simultaneously. The controller is based on ATMega64 microcontroller and Bluetooth communication TDK Blu2i (class one) module which provides a serial interface for data communication. The design controller was deployed in a home automation application for a selected set of electrical appliances. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1. Mode of Operation The design in this research uses a HC-05 Bluetooth module connected to an Arduino Uno controller (with an onboard ATMEGA 328 P-PU microcontroller) which is connected to the load via a relay system. The system is directly installed beside the conventional electrical switches on the wall. The Bluetooth wireless connection enables the system communicates with graphical user interface (GUI) which is installed on the on PC without cable. The target home appliances are controlled by the system main control board. The design allows physical control by pressing on the modified low voltage activating switches. The main control of the system uses the wireless remote control to connect to the appliances and is carried out by the Windows GUI on PC. The user can actually control the home appliances from his PC without walking to the switches on the wall. 2.2 System Architecture The functional block diagram of the design is shown in Figure 1. it consists of three stages, the Input, Processing and Output Stages MAINS Outp Inpu RELA LOA GUI RELA LOA BLUETO POWE Processing ARDUINO BOARD RELA LOA Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram 2.3 Input The Input consists of the Windows Based GUI application and the HC-05 Bluetooth Module The GUI (Graphic User Interface) The GUI is a Windows based application installed on the PC. There icons for every appliance and instructions on what to do is displayed. The application was written using C-Sharp language using the Kiel The application links with the Bluetooth module and the icons become active. If an instruction is issued from the GUI installed on the PC, the instruction is transmitted to the Arduino Uno controller via the Bluetooth device. The GUI of the system is shown in Figure 2

3 342 Figure 2 The Windows Compatible GUI Interface HC-05 Bluetooth Module This uses a HC-05 Bluetooth module which is a low power wireless connectivity technology is used to stream audio, transfer data and broadcast information between devices over short distance, using short wave length ultra high frequency (UHF) radio waves in the industrial scientific and medium radio band (ISM) from 2.4 to GHZ from fixed and mobile devices. This device uses radio waves to connect with the GUI installed on the PC. This can be done by pairing the PC and the module together. This device is linked to a controller and controlled by the GUI. The Module receives the instruction from the GUI and sends it to the Arduino Uno Controller. 2.4 Processing Stage The Aduino Uno has an ATMEGA 328 P-PU microcontroller on board. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which six can be used as outputs), 6 analogue inputs, ceramic resonator, a USB connection, power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. The Aduino Uno is connected to the Bluetooth Module trough the Tx and Rx pins ( Pin 0 and Pin 1) of the controller. The relays are connected to the controller via the 2N222 Bipolar Junction Transistors. The connection arrangement between the controller and the module is shown in Table 1. Table 1

4 343 Arduino Uno Rx Tx Ground Supply HC-05 Module Tx Rx Ground Vcc 2.5 Output Stage The switching unit consists of a bipolar junction transistor and relay. Microcontroller pins cannot supply sufficient current to drive a relay hence, a low power Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) is used as a driver to drive the relay The switching unit controls the process of switching ON and OFF of appliance. The (2N2222) bipolar junction transistor operates in saturation mode to switch ON the appliance and in cut-off mode to switch OFF the appliance. The Figure 3 shows the circuit representation of the switching unit. Vcc TO HOME APPLIANCES 1N4007 DIODE RL1 OMIH-SH-105D VBB R1 Q1 2N2222 Neutral Figure 3: The Switching System From Figure 3, V CC I C R L V CE(Sat ) = 0 (1) V BB I B R 2 V BE = 0 (2) Where R L is the load resistance equal to the resistance of the relay V CC is the collector voltage, I C is the collector current, V CE (Sat) is the Collector Emitter voltage at saturation, V B is the base voltage of the transistor which is equal to expected output voltage of the microcontroller (V BB =5V), I B is the base current which is the expected output current of the microcontroller, R 2 is the base resistance of the transistor, V BE is the Base Emitter Voltage, Also, from (1) I C = V CC V CE (Sat ) R L R C = relay coil resistance, Ic can be found in the data sheet. Vcc = 12V, I B is calculated using the relation I B = I c β Where β for 2N2222 = 100 At saturation β f I B > I C (5) Taking the KVL for Base Emitter Loop V BB I B R B V BE = 0 (6) I B = V BB V BE R B Substituting (7) into equation (5) B f ( V BB V BE ) > I R C B (3) (4) (7) (8)

5 344 B f ( V BB V BE I C ) > R B (9) Figure 4. Complete Circuit Diagram of the Home Automation System. 2.6 Software Design and Flow Charts The Software for the Home Automation System was written using Virtual Studio environment (Microsoft Corporation, 2017) [6]. The hardware design was simulated using Proteus 8.4 (Labcenter Electronics, 2015) [7]. The flow chart for the program of the heart rate monitor is shown in Figure 5. START Initializing ports and devices Receive command ON Command? N NO OFF Command? N NO YES YE Relay turns ON Relay turns OFF Appliances ON Appliances OFF Send Confirmation SMS Send Confirmation SMS Figure 5: Flow Chart of the Home Automation system

6 TESTING The system was tested on several loads and the process was documented as follows Turn On The Fan Go to GUI Environment Click on the Fan button Fan turns ON Click twice for the Fan turn OFF Figure 6: Testing of system s circuit for control of electric fan Turn On The Lamp Go to GUI Environment Click on the lamp button Lamp comes ON Click twice for lamp to turn OFF. Figure 7: Testing of system s circuit for control of electric lamp. Turn On The Socket. Go to GUI Environment Click on the button Socket turn ON

7 346 Click twice for the Socket to turn OFF. 4. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the design and construction of remote control system using Arduino Uno with GUI interface was successful and the device functioned according to specification and can be used to avoid movement in and around the house to control electrical appliances. Figure 8: Complete setup of the project REFERENCES [1] Naresh, D., Chakradhar, B., Krishnaveni, S. (2013). Bluetooth Based Home Automation and Security System Using ARM9, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 4 Issue 9. [2] Aniket Y., Sapana, B., Arjun, G., Abhijeet, B., Atul B.(2015) RTOS Based Home Automation System Using Atmega, International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 2. [3] Masesh N. Jivani GSM Based Home Automation System Using App-Inventor for Android Mobile Phone International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 3, Issue 9. [4] Mohamed S. and Jayavrinda V. (2013) Efficient Interactive Control System based on GSM, International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJLTET), Vol. 3 Issue2. [5] Sriskanthan N. and Tan K.(2002) Bluetooth Based Home Automation System. Journal of Microprocessors and Microsystems, Vol. 26, pp [6] Microsoft Corporation (2017) "Virtual Studio 2017" [accessed January, 2018] [7] Proteus Design Suite 8.4, Release 8.4 SP0 (build 21079) with Advanced Simulation. Labcenter Electronics, 2015.