PRELIMINARY APPLICATION OF A HELICOPTER TOY FOR ENVIRONMENT MONITORING

Transcription

1 PRELIMINARY APPLICATION OF A HELICOPTER TOY FOR ENVIRONMENT MONITORING Abdul Kadir Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka ETIC 2016, 4-5 AUGUST, HO CHI MINH CITY

2 OUTLINE 1. ABSTRACT 2. INTRODUCTION 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5. CONCLUSIONS

3 ABSTRACT This paper presents a result of an experimental study by using a helicopter toy for monitoring several environment parameters such as temperature, humidity, and air quality. A microcontroller board named Arduino was embedded in the helicopter. This board controlled various sensors. The data captured by the sensors was sent to the receiver by using a serial communication provided by a pair of XBee Pro

4 1. INTRODUCTION Researches in using aero vehicles for many purposes have been done by several researches For example, the application of unmanned aero vehicles (UAV) has been studied and implemented in [1-3] Other researches focussed on how to control the aero vehicles, such as in [4] that used Android to control the quadcopter Hanafi, et al. [5] highlighted the use of graphical user interface (GUI) to control the quadcopter Whilst, Varshnev [6] concentrated on how to handle gesture controlled aero vehicle and obstacle avoidance occurred in its path

5 1. INTRODUCTION This research was actually the part of an integral project for utilizing UAV to do monitoring several environment parameters To ease in getting results for further development of the whole system, the implementation of monitoring environment was the main priority This goal was to get the proper hardware needed so the problem weight of the hardware could be known in advance

6 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

7 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM Helicopter Sensors Arduino XBee Shield & XBee Pro Receiver XBee Shield & XBee Pro Arduino Graphical Display

8 COMPONENTS HELICOPTER Arduino, sensors, and almost all other electronic parts are embedded on the bottom of the helicopter The helicopter is controlled by a remote control Easy to use this device for rapid prototyping

9 COMPONENTS ARDUINO BOARD Arduino is open hardware and software It is very easy to program this board Relative small and relative cheap Useful for rapid prototyping

10 COMPONENTS XBee Pro The XBee and XBee-PRO OEM RF Modules were engineered to meet IEEE standards Support the unique needs of low-cost, low-power wireless sensor networks It can be used indoor and support up to 100 m For outdoor application, the XBee Pro with 60mW output can handle communication up to 1,500 m

11 COMPONENTS XBee Shield This shield is to ease in connecting the XBee Pro to the Arduino board This shield is stacked on the Arduino board and the XBee Pro is stacked on this shield

12 COMPONENTS HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE SENSORS For measuring the humidity and the temperature of the environment, a sensor named DHT11. This sensor can measure the humidity between 20 and 90 o RH with the accuracy of +5% RH Measurement for temperature is between 0 and 50 o C with the accuracy of +2 o C Communication between this sensor and the Arduino is accomplished by using one-wire serial bus

13 COMPONENTS DUST SENSOR The dust sensor named GP2Y1010AU0F (Sharp Optical Dust Sensor) was used for measuring air quality It will report the dust density in mg/m 3

14 COMPONENTS MQ-4 SENSOR MQ-4 (Figure 3(c)) is one type of MQ family sensor The MQ-4 sensor is useful for detecting methane and compressed natural gas (CNG) It can detect gas concentration from 200ppm to 10,000ppm

15 COMPONENTS GRAPHICAL LCD A graphical liquid crystal display (GLCD) is useful for displaying charts and also texts This display has 64x128 pixels

16 3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

17 THE RECEIVER The receiver contains an Arduino board, an Xbee Shield, an Xbee Pro, and a Graphical LCD It is equipped by a 9V battery and a switch

18 THE CIRCUIT

19 SOFTWARE To program the hardware, Arduino IDE () was used The program was developed by using a C/C++ similar language The external libraries involved was: U8glib DHT

20 SOFTWARE The dust sensor is obtained by reading the pin A0. The dust density can be obtained by using the following command: density = * voltage The voltage is the value on the pin A0

21 SOFTWARE The DHT sensor was connected to the Arduino by utilizing the analog pin A1 The output of the MQ-4 is monitored on the pin A2 by using the following command: mq_value = analogread(a2);

22 SOFTWARE To ease in programming the DHT-11 sensor, a library named DHT is needed The fragment of code to get the temperature and the humidity is as below: dht DHT; DHT.read11(A1); float humidity = DHT.humidity; float temperature = DHT.temperature;

23 SOFTWARE Sending the sensor data is handled by the XBee Pro of the transmitter part The data has a format as follows: T=value,H=value,Q=value,G=value T represent the temperature H represents the humidity D represents the air quality G represent the gas concentration

24 SOFTWARE On the receive part, the XBee shield will read those data every two seconds and then the data is parsed and displayed to the GLCD To program the GLCD, a library named U8glib is used

25 TESTING Testing several times by flying the helicopter manually monitoring the output of sensors in the GLCD Tested distance was not more than 0.5 km All sensors could function as expected on that range The helicopter can be used to monitor the environment parameters remotely It is useful for ad hoc measurements: in agriculture area in the dangerous area

26 4. CONCLUSIONS The communication used in monitoring the environment monitor by using XBee Pro gave satisfied results The communication channel can be used for handling some additional sensors The helicopter is still able to bring some sensors because the total weight of all equipment needed for monitoring the environment parameters are tolerable Next future implementation Camera A GPS module An SD card PC Connection

27 REFERENCES 1. M.D. Schmidt, Simulation and control of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle, Unpublished Thesis, University of Kentucky (2011) 2. W. Hanna, Modelling and control of an unmanned aerial vehicle sensor fusion on a mini unmanned vehicle, Unpublished Thesis, School of Engineering & Information Technology Faculty of Engineering, Health, Science and the Environment Charles Darwin University (2014) 3. C.R. Verschoor, Integrating vision-based algorithms on an parrot ar drone to autonomously follow linear shaped structures in a landscape, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam (2012) 4. H. Bergkvist, and A. Bjälemark, Quadcopter control using android-based sensing, Unpublished Thesis, Department of Automatic Control, Lund University (2013) 5. D. Hanafi, M. Qetkeaw, R. Ghazali, R., M.N.M. Than, W.M. Utomo, and R. Omar, Simple GUI wireless controller of quadcopter, Int. J. Communications, Network and System Sciences, 6, pp (2013) 6. V. Varshney, M. Wilson, and S. Sivaraman, PID based stabilization of gesture controlled drones using HIL simulation, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), 3(6), pp (2014) 7. J. Bayle, C programming for Arduino, Birmingham: Packt Publishing (2013) 8. MaxStream, XBee /XBee-PRO OEM RF Modules, [Online] Available at 9. Sharp Corporation, GP2Y1010AU0F compact optical dust sensor, [Online] Available at C. Nafis, Air Quality Monitoring, [Online] Available at (2012)