OPTM 3041 Visual Ergonomics Semester Project Report

Transcription

1 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES FACULTY OF MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF OPTOMETRY AND VISUAL STUDIES OPTM 3041 Visual Ergonomics Semester Project Report Project Title: Ergonomic study and design of Biodiversity Coordinator workplace at Plant Sciences Office in the University of the West Indies Students Names and ID No.: McKeisha Dick Sideeqa Mohammed Tareia Rolle Date: November 25, 2015 Advisor: Dr. Alexander Nikov OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 1 of 49

2 Contents 1 Selection and description of workplace Description of workplace User Description Tasks Analysis Checklist for ergonomic evaluation Development of checklist and workplace study Workplace study Ergonomic analysis of workplace Calculation of workplace hazard risks Summary of problems and corrective measures Analysis of data by ErgoEaser Ergonomic design of 2-5 variants of workplace Usability testing variants of workplace for testing in usability lab List of users tasks for workplaces testing in usability lab...error! Bookmark not defined. 5.3 Post-test questionnaire for usability testing...error! Bookmark not defined. 5.4 Usability testing results...error! Bookmark not defined. OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 2 of 49

3 1 Selection and description of workplace 1.1 Description of workplace Picture position 1. Company plate with WS# and employee names 2. Common overview of WP without user Workstation #2, Dr. Luke Rostant, Coordinator of Biodiversity at UWI 3. Right view work on desk (KB use, chair back support, arms chair support, eye level regarding monitor top) 4. Leg space under desk without user 5. User sitting on chair OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 3 of 49

4 6. Other important picture, e.g. phone use, lighting, hand pain location Arm rest too low, elbows lower than keyboard. (shoulder pain) Chair back does not support proper posture; Arm rests too low; arm extension; no wrist support (shoulder and lower back pain) Lighting. 133 OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 4 of 49

5 Actual workstation dimensions Recommended workstation dimensions Sitting eye height [cm] 121 Sitting elbow height [cm] Seat height to foot [cm] Desk height [cm] 74.5 Desk depth [cm] D1: 81 D2: 45 Desk length [cm] D1:162.5 D2:167 Elbow Rest Height 23 Elbow to Elbow 65 Elbow to Fingertip (middle figer) 50 Buttock to Popliteal 52 OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 5 of 49

6 Chair Back Support Height Back Support Angle 10 Seat Pan Height Seat Pan Depth Seat Pan Angle -1 Arm Support Height Arm Support Width 65 Arm Support Depth Monitor Height 125 Angle 3 0 Distance (between monitor and user) M1: 86 M2: Dimensions of monitor (LxH) cm M1: 44x29 M2: 56x37 Keyboard Height of keyboard 69 Angle of keyboard 0 Distance (between keyboard and user) Wrist Height (height of wrist support) Mouse Height of mouse Angle of mouse 1 OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 6 of 49

7 Distance (between mouse and user) Wrist Height (height of mouse support) User Description The workspace may be used by someone: - Average height, because the desk is not high enough for a tall person to be comfortable, but the user needs to be tall enough to reach the mouse when the keyboard is pulled out; - In position where computers are used for the majority of tasks, which explains purpose of two monitors; - Who does not need to use the phone often, due to the lack of telephone at the user s desk; - Full time and needs enough space for long days; - Not in position that handles personal or confidential matters of others, due to the presence of other colleagues within the same workspace 1.3 Tasks Analysis Relevant % of working time allocated during 1 week/1 month. User uses 2 monitors Tasks on each monitor Tasks Working time [%] 1. Tasks with the use of larger monitor Tasks with use of smaller monitor Tasks with or without use of computer Tasks Working time [%] 3. Tasks with the use of computer Tasks without use of computer Tasks without use of computer Tasks Working time [%] 1. Field Work Notes from students 20 Total 100 OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 7 of 49

8 Tasks with use of computer Tasks Software name, version Working time [%] Large Monitor Working Time [%] Smaller Monitor Working time [%] 1. Answer student s Google Chrome Prepare lectures and assignments MS Word, 3. Mapping and data analysis for Wild Life Survey PowerPoint, Excel 2013 Overall R Stats, RGIS Conduct classes online Webex Administrative work for MSC MS Word Total Identify the primary tasks through which users interact with the workstation. Choose two computer tasks for an in-depth description. For each task, describe how a user would complete the task using the existing workstation. Descriptions with sufficient detail are those in which the reader can clearly identify the following types of activities: physical (e.g., press the button), perceptual (e.g., read the signs/labels, hear the warning signs), and cognitive (e.g., decide which button to push, determine what is causing the problem). Prepare Lectures and Assignments - Type notes in Microsoft Word and PowerPoint to use during classes. - Research information that can be used for lectures. - Determine what assignments can be done to best benefit the students. - Determine the best way to relay information clearly to students. Mapping and Data Analysis for Wild Life Survey - Type data received from field work into relevant software. - Create maps based on data received. - Determine which data is significant to the study. - Analyze relevant data. - Determine conclusion from data. - Determine how the findings can be useful. OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 8 of 49

9 2 Checklist for ergonomic evaluation 2.1 Development of checklist and workplace study UWI Health and safety assessment of company office workplaces Date: 13./10/2015 Observer(s) names: McKeisha Dick, Sideeqa Mohammed, Tareia Rolle Ask questions/statements in column 1. 1,2 answers (positive/confirming) require no further action; write this assessment in column 2. Otherwise 3,4,5 answers require further investigation and may need remedial action. Ask questions/statements in column 3; write your assessment 1-5 in column 4 and details/text/suggestions in column 5. Then you write your common assessment in column strongly agree (very good) slightly agree (good) neutral (no idea) slightly disagree (bad) strongly disagree (very bad) This survey is aimed at identifying health and safety-related risks that may be present for jobs/tasks performed at your workplace. Your responses are both valuable and confidential. Thank you for your participation and patience in advance. Employee name: Dr. Luke Rostant Job Title: Coordinator, Biodiversity Workstation number: 2 Department: Zoology Office, NSB About Employee Years spent in company: 4 Sex: M[1]/F[2] M Left or Right Handed: R[1] /L[2] R Years spent on current workplace: Average hours per day spent at your workplace computer: 2 Age: 37 Glasses: no[1]/normal[2]/bifocal[3]/progressive[4]/contact lens[5] Normal 8 Height: feet 6 1 Education: High school [1], BSc [2], MSc [3], MPhil[4], PhD[5], other[6] Weight [approx]: 195lb Details about education: Inter-disciplinary Ecology PhD Problems to look for when making an assessment 1 CA {1-5} 2 Description/ways of reducing risk 3 D A {1-5} 4 Causes/Comments 5 Corrective measures/ways of reducing/eliminating HS risk 6 OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 9 of 49

10 CA=common assessment DA=detailed assessment 1 Dimension: Work organization (tasks specification, workload, work monitoring, training) 1.1. Dimension: Task specification (What is your task?) 1. What are your job tasks? What is the relevant average percentage of working time allocated to each task? Field Work Read over notes from students Answer student s Prepare lectures and assignments Mapping and data analysis for Wild Life Survey 20% 3% 2% 10% 50% Conduct classes online 10% Administrative work for MSC 5% 2. What software for what tasks are you using? Percentage distribution (sum=100%) Microsoft Word 2013 Microsoft Powerpoint 2013 Microsoft Excel 2013 R Stats RGIS WebEx Google Chrome 3% 10% 2% 40% 30% 10% 5% 3. You have control over workflows/tasks order. 4. Your job has a variety of tasks to avoid monotony and is designed to be as interesting as possible You do not have overtime work Dimension: Workload OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 10 of 49

11 6. You are generally able to cope with your workload without experiencing undue stress or tension. 7. Your deadlines are well organized so that workloads remain reasonably steady. 4 If not explain. 1. Preparing lectures every week. 2. Marking assignments in a timely manner. 3. Preparing for exams at end of semester Create outline of lectures so easier and less time consuming to prepare. 2. Change assignment style for easier marking but also informative to students. 3. Create template for exams so reduced adjustments made for each semester. 8. When staff members are absent (sick or on leave), you have a means to avoid an unreasonable extra workload Dimension: Work monitoring/performance control 9. There is some monitoring of your work You get feedback from supervisor about your performance Dimension: Training 11. I received training in setting up the workstation for sitting and visual comfort (ergonomics/cardinus) No training was received on ergonomics [1] Training in ergonomics should be proposed to supervisor for all employees [2] Information material can be given to employees from management to enhance the comfort of the work place. 2 Dimension: Display screens/vdu (monitor, glare) 2.1. Monitor OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 11 of 49

12 12. When sitting upright and looking straight ahead,you look at/ slightly below the top edge of the monitor. 3.5 If monitor position is not directly in front of user, the user head is turned to the side. Rotating neck to view monitor places increased demands on neck and shoulders. [4-5] If your head is not directly over spine (i.e. the head is forward and the chin is out or if your head is tilted up/down [4-5] User looks at top edge of monitor on main monitor, but top edge of accessory monitor is lower than eye level and to the left side of user. : [1] Sit back in chair so that head is directly over spine. [2] Increase height of accessory monitor where the top edge is at eye level. [3] Bring accessory monitor closer to main monitor to decrease head movements. [4] Determine whether dual display is practical for tasks so only one monitor in use. 1. Your monitor is at a comfortable reading distance. 2. All characters on your monitor clear, easily legible and the image is stable. 4 Monitor distance is too far from user. 1. When keyboard is pulled out, distance between user and monitors increase. 2. User tends to lean in toward monitor. 3. User has glasses for distance which may compensate for great monitor distance. 1 1.Place keyboard on top of desk to allow consistent distance between user and monitors. 2. Place a stationary object at the optimum distance from the monitor so user is able to tell when too close. 3. You can adjust the brightness/contrast of the monitor You are not using more than one monitor. 5 2 Monitors 1.User uses 2 monitors, with the primary monitor directly in front and secondary monitor to the left. Case of 2 monitors [1] Position the secondary monitor at abouta 30 0 angle to the primary monitor. OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 12 of 49

13 2.2. Glare 5. Your monitor is free from glare and reflections Provided adjustable window coverings prevent glare/reflection and they are working You do not face a window(s) or don t sit with the back to window. 3 1.Window is a few feet behind user, therefore no significant effect experienced [1] Change direction of desk if glare becomes a problem [2] Close blinds to avoid glare 8. A luminary is not located in the offending zone. 1 3 Dimension: Input devices (keyboard, mouse, trackball, telephone headset) 3.1 Keyboard OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 13 of 49

14 9. You can work with your keyboard in a comfortable shoulder/arm/ hand position Head not balanced over shoulders. User either leans toward monitor or leans back in chair. 2. Shoulders lowered while using mouse and typing, lead to shoulder pain. 3. Elbows not at ~90 angle, lower than keyboard. 4. Arm rests are below the level of the desk surface and keyboard, therefore no good support.. [1] Use a comfortable wrist rest for keyboard. [2] Provide ergonomic keyboard [3] Change chair to provide better arm rest for better wrist, arm, elbow, and shoulder support. 1. Head not balanced over shoulders [3-5] 2. Shoulders: rounded forward, lowered or shrugged [3-5] 3. Elbows not at a ~90 0 angle, just below the desk surface [3-5] 4. Armrests of chair not at the same level as the desk surface to support your elbows [3-5] Wrists not in line with forearms [3-5] 4 1. Wrists higher than forearms, lead to pain in wrists. [1] Adjust seat height so that keyboard sit just below elbow height. [2] Retract keyboard feet. [3] Use a chair with appropriate armrest to support arms when keying or mousing. 6. Wrist deviated when using keyboard, mouse or input device [3-5] 4 1. Wrists deviated inward when using the keyboard. [1] Ensure adequate space for using keyboard. [2] Use an appropriately sized keyboard. OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 14 of 49

15 10. You use your laptop keyboard for less than 30 min/day Mouse, trackball, telephone headset 11. You can work with your mouse in a comfortable shoulder/arm/hand position. Your mouse is positioned close to you User s arm is outstretched when keyboard is pulled out, due to increased distance. [1] Place mouse as close as possibleat same height right beside the keyboard. [2] Use a mouse bridge (i.e. a hard surface that is placed over number pad on keyboard). [3] Use mouse pad wristrest Training may be needed to: [4] prevent arm overreaching; [5] not to leave your hand on device when it is not being used; [6] relax arm straight wrist. 12. Your mouse is suitable for your tasks. 1 OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 15 of 49

16 13. You don t have extended telephone use (greater than 1h/day or calls exceeding 10 minutes). 1 4 Dimension: Furniture (desk, chair, footrest, document holder, wristrest/armrest) 4.1 Desk 14. Your work surface is large enough for all the necessary equipment, papers, etc Chair OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 16 of 49

17 15. Your chair is adjusted correctly and you are able to carry out your work sitting comfortably If keyboard is out, arm rests stop user getting close to use equipment comfortably. [1] Sit fully back in your chair, with your back and shoulders straight and supported by the back of the chair. [2] Train the user in adopting suitable postures while working. [3] Twin Back Ergonomic Chair Armrests of chairs stop you getting close enough to use your equipment comfortably [4-5] 1. Feet flat on the floor but knees not at ~90 angle. [1] Lower chair to create ~90 angle of knees. [2] Use a bigger chair to decrease space between back of knees and edge of seat. Feet not flat on the floor with knees not at a ~90 0 angle [4-5] Seat presses into the back of knees [3-5] 4 OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 17 of 49

18 16. Your back support position is adjusted to support spine in comfortable position. 5 Back support height does not accommodate natural curves of spine and back support angle does not encouragecomfortable body postures [3-5] 5 1. The backrest height is too high and does not accommodate natural curves of spine. [1] The backrest height should be adjusted to fit into the small of your back and adequatelysupport the spine [2] The backrest angle should be adjusted so that you are sitting upright while keying [3] Change backrest position when not keying. [4] Try to have straight back, supported by the chair, with relaxed shoulders. Small of thebacknotsupported by the chair s backrest [3-5] 5 1. Backseat of chair is slightly reclined, therefore small of back is not supported correctly, which leads to the lower back pain experienced. [1] Raise/lower the back rest so the small of the back is in contact with the most outward curved areas of the back support. [2] Attach a removable back support cushion to existing back support. OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 18 of 49

19 17. The seatpan is comfortable for you. 4 Front edge of seatpantoo far from back of knee. 1. Chair is too small for user. 1. Purchase larger chair to decrease the space between seat pan and back of knee. 18. There is no space between spine and backrest Footrest 19. Your feet are flat on the floor, without too much pressure from the seat on the backs of the upper legs. 1. OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 19 of 49

20 4.4 Document holder 20. You don t work with a number of paper documents Wristrest /Armrest 21. You have comfortable wristrest (height, length, width and slipperiness and sponginess)foryourwrist and forearm. 5 >2h/day work with keyboard/mouse [4] 5 1. Wristrest is hard plastic, therefore not comfortable. [1] Provide soft, comfortablewristrests for keyboard and mouse. 22. Your armrest is suitable for you, with respect to height, length, width and slipperiness and sponginess? 4.5 Armrests provide inadequate forearm support when keying or mousing. Armrests too low [4-5] Elbows away from the body armrests too wide [4-5] User s elbows are a liittle away from body, so armrests may be slightly too wide. 2. Shoulders lowered while typing, can lead to shoulder pains. [1] Аrmrests are too low аdd padding to bring them up to a comfortable level. [2] Replace with armrests that can be adjusted to the correct height. [3] Аrmrests are too wide аdjust to bring them closer together.. [4] Replace with widthadjustable armrests. OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 20 of 49

21 5 Dimension: Work space/ work surface/ layout/ work posture/ seating 23. Worksurface height allows you to position upper body (shoulders/arms/ hands) in comfortable position to use keyboard, mouse, pens, etc User s work surface height is too low. 2. Arm rest is usually always touching the keyboard tray. 3. Adjustable chair is used and is near the lowest seating height. [1] Adjust worksurface height by deskalator. [2] Determine desk height for user height and purchase appropriate desk. 24. You have enough space for legs/feet under worksurface/ desk You have sufficient space to vary your working posture and get into a comfortable position Frequently used items are within easy reach from your seated posture. 4 Frequently used items are not within normal arm reach with minimum trunk movement [4-5] 1. User has to turn around 180 to get paper from the shared printer [1] Purchase smaller printer for personal use and place on user s desk to increase ease of reach. 27. You have adequate and comfortable storage space for your files, supplies, reference materials and personal items 5 More storage needed 1. User does not have adequate storage space. [1] Purchase extra filing for desk. [2] Purchase desk with more storage. OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 21 of 49

22 28. You don t have to twist your torso (e.g. reaching behind or across the body). 4 1.User has to twist body to the left to get paper from shared printer. [1] Purchase individual printer to place on user s desk. [2] Encourage user to stand up when retrieving items behind them. [3] Encourage user to turn chair instead of twisting body. Workplace Details Take photos of the workplace showing the location of windows and lighting, the operator s direction of gaze and the direction of north.make many photos: windows, lighting, employee, etc Actual workstation dimensions Recommended workstation dimensions Sitting eye height [cm] 121 Sitting elbow height [cm] 63 Seat height to floot [cm] 46 Desk height [cm] 74.5 Desk depth [cm] D1: 81 D2: 45 Desk length [cm] D1:162.5 D2:167 OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 22 of 49

23 6 Dimension: Environment (illumination, temperature, air flow, noise) 29. Workstation light is suitable for your work (not too bright or too dim, no glare, reflection on monitor) You have comfortable workstation temperature (AC) (22-26 o C) for work being performed You feel that the air humidity is comfortable, e.g. no dry mouth Noise levels are comfortable for you. 3 Occasional noise is distracting. 1. Noise level can occasionally be distracting, but not often. [1] Consider soundproofing [2] Consider organizational measures to reduce speaking [3] Cover vent at bottom of door to reduce noise entering the workspace. OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 23 of 49

24 7 Dimension: Software 33. You find that the software is easy to use. 34. You don t need support from IT department for using the software. 35. You can customize the software to your needs Dimension: Health/hazards 36. You have no complaints (e.g. headaches, eyes, neck, back, hands, wrists, arms discomfort or pains) working at your workstation. 5 Which? Headaches, eyes, neck, back, hands, wrists, arms discomfort or pains [4-5] What could be the reason/source (guess of the worker)? Shoulders and lower back pains. 1. Chair does not support user s lower back. 2. User always has to turn to get paper and pages from the printer behind him. 37. Are you not receiving any medical treatment with relation to your work at present? Give percentage (0-100%) 75% If yes which? User has seen an osteopath on 2 occasions and also receives shoulder massages. 9 Dimension: Common 38. You are satisfied with your job and feel comfortable with your workplace. Give percentage (0-100%) 90% 39. List any problems you may have experienced working on your workplace. 40. Do you think you can improve your work performance/results? How? 41. Do you have any general comments to make about your workstation? Thank you for your time and cooperation with this survey OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 24 of 49

25 Summary of problems allocated Pain in the shoulders Corrective measures to solve problems allocated Adjust arm rest on the chair, by bringing it higher. The mouse should be brought to the same level as the keyboard. User should avoid leaning forward while using the mouse. Lower back pain A new adjustable chair the supports the user s back. Attach a removable back support cushion to the chair. Wrist Pain Adjust the keyboard and mouse height to fully support the user s wrist. Use soft wrist rest with both the mouse and keyboard. Invest in a keyboard that comes with a wrist rest. Desk height is too low Chair is too low Arm rest is too low on chair so there is a lack of arm support Raise desk height Get an adjustable chair suitable to the user s height. Adjust arm rest so that the user s arm is fully supported and in line with the keyboard and the mouse. Mouse is too far away from the user User s elbow is lower than the keyboard Noise can be bothersome (outside of the room) Place mouse on the same level as the keyboard. Adjust arm rest so that it lines up with the keyboard. Consider soundproofing the room by adding padding to the bottom of the doors. User can also try using ear plugs occasionally. Chair does not give the user proper lower back posture Use a removable back support cushion. Adjust chair from seated position to fully support the back. Invest in a new chair which will fully support user s back for dynamic sitting. OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 25 of 49

26 2.2 Workplace study Collect data using the checklist from the workplace Collect data using a lightmeter Location Lux A 133 B 144 C Main Monitor- 280 Accessory Monitor- 211 D 297 E 72 F 219 G 256 H 215 OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 26 of 49

27 Percentages % 3 Ergonomic analysis of workplace 3.1 Calculation of workplace hazard risks Workplace Hazard Risks [%] Categories The total health risk is the average of all dimensions shown in the graph: 1. Work Organization: 22% 2. Monitor: 44% 3. Input Devices: 70% 4. Furniture: 90% 5. Workspace: 67% 6. Environment: 25% 7. Software: 0% 8. Health hazards: 75% The total health risk = ( ) / 8 = 49% Total dissatisfaction = = 10% 3.2 Summary of problems and corrective measures Present in a table a summary of problems allocated and the relevant corrective measures. Include pictures where appropriate. Q# Summary of problems allocated Corrective measures to solve problems allocated OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 27 of 49

28 12, 4 1. Propose getting a chair that can be fully adjustable and sit with spine against backrest at all times. 2. Consider having the primary monitor of equivalent height to the secondary monitor. 3. Adjust primary and secondary monitors so as to prevent excessive head turn. 4. Consider changing the location/height of monitors. 5. Position the secondary monitor to the sides at about a 30 degree angle to the primary monitor right or left. 16, 17 User has to turn head to see accessory monitor; User tends to bend forward and head is not directly over spine; User uses 2 monitors 1. Propose getting chair that can be adjusted and is also suitable for a tall male. 2. Sit with spine against backrest at all times 3. Adjust backrest so that small of back is in contact with the most outward areas of back support. 4. Attach a removable back support cushion to existing back support 5. Choose a chair with 2-3 fingers width between front edge of chair and back of knees. Back support height does not accommodate natural curve of spine; Small of back not supported by chair; Front edge of seat pan too far from back of knee 32 Noise levels occasionally too loud 1. Consider soundproofing 1, 9.2, 11 Monitor too far from user; Shoulders lowered; Arms outstretched when using mouse 1. Place mouse as close as possible (at same height right/left) beside the keyboard. 2. A chair with an adjustable armrest is highly recommended. 3. Extra padding can be added to the armrest for support to bring them up to a comfortable level. 4. Raise or lower adjustable work surfaces so that they are just below seated elbow height. OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 28 of 49

29 9.3-6, 15, 21, 22, 23 Elbows not at 90 angle; Armrests not at same level as desk surface; Wrists not in alignment with forearms; Wrists deviated while typing; Armrests of chair stops user from getting close to equipment; No comfortable wrist rest for keyboard or mouse; Armrests too low; Work surface height too low 1. Provide soft wristrests for keyboard and mousepad with wristrest. 2. Provide an ergonomic keyboard. 3. Adjust worksurface height by deskalator. 4. Consider adjusting arm rest so wrist and forearm are aligned. 5. Consider getting a fully adjustable chair so movement to equipment is not restricted. 3.3 Analysis of data by ErgoEaser Use ErgoEaser for analysis of data collected. Present the results including screenshots like in Lab1. Potential Strains Adjustment Lower Back Strain Lower back support height to 20cm Decrease back support angle to 6 Reduce seat pan height to 47cm Shoulder Strain Increase arm support height to 25cm Reduce arm support depth to 40cm Reduce mouse distance to 46cm Neck and Head Strains Decrease the monitor angle to 0 degrees Reduce monitor distance to 53cm Wrist Strains Increase keyboard wrist height to 3cm Reduce mouse height to 69cm Reduce mouse wrist height to 3cm OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 29 of 49

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32 4 Ergonomic design of 2-5 variants of workplace Design 2-5 variants of the workplace trying to reduce health risk. Use ErgoEaser. Present also screenshots of ErgoEaser. OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 32 of 49

33 Variant- The Chair Low Cost Solution Optimal Solution Lower back support Purchase removable back support cushion and place at appropriate height to reduce lower back strain. Purchase new chair with adjustable back support height to reduce lower back strain. Reduce seat pan height Increase arm support height Decrease arm support depth Removable back support cushion: $15.49 USD Cost with import: ~$31.00USD Due to inability of seat pan to be lowered, use deskalators to increase height of desk so current seat pan height appropriate. Deskalators: $37.95US Cost with import: $76.00USD -Adjust arm rest height to avoid shoulder strain. -If arm rest not adjustable, add padding to increase height. Fully adjustable office chair: $218.00USD Cost with import: $436.00USD -Purchase chair with appropriate seat pan height. -Purchase taller or adjustable desk so current seat pan height appropriate. Adjustable desk: $350.00USD Cost with import: $700.00USD Purchase chair with adjustable arm rest to reduce shoulder strain. Purchase chair with adjustable or appropriate arm support depth to reduce shoulder strain. OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 33 of 49

34 Variant- Inputs Low Cost Solutions Optimal Solutions Increase keyboard wrist height Purchase wrist rest for keyboard to increase wrist height and decrease wrist strain Keyboard wrist rest: keyboard wrist height. $8.98USD Cost w/ import: $17.96 USD Reduce mouse height and distance Reduce mouse wrist height Place mouse at same level and distance as keyboard in keyboard tray to decrease shoulder strain Purchase wrist rest for mouse to decrease strain on wrist Mouse wrist rest: $6.51USD Cost with import $13.02USD -Purchase ergonomic keyboard. -Purchase taller desk to increase Ergonomic Keyboard: $34.95USD Total:$69.70USD Purchase attachable mouse pad if mouse cannot fit on keyboard tray. Attachable mouse pad: $27.99USD Cost to import: $55.98USD OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 34 of 49

35 Variant- Monitor Low Cost Solutions Optimal Solutions Reduce monitor angle and distance Adjust monitor angle to 0 and place monitor closer (53cm) to avoid neck and eye strain If angle not adjustable, purchase new monitor with adjustable angle. Adjustable monitor: $139.00USD Cost with import: $278.00USD Reduce distance between 2 monitors Place accessory closer to main monitor to avoid neck strain. Purchase dual display monitor. Dual Display: $39.99USD Cost with import: $79.98USD OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 35 of 49

36 5. Usability testing variants of workplace for testing in usability lab. Prepare 2 variants of workplace for testing them in usability lab. Select from the table below workplace components close to GENIVAR workplace and enter your choice the table Table 1: WP components available in usability lab WP compon ents keyboard type keyboard wristrest yes no mouse type dell ergonomi c x-tech mouse pad yes no software Auto cad 2008 stan dard Autocad MEP 2008 Autocad 2008 Map 3D CorelD raw 10 Photos hop cs3 chair type 1 type2 type3 type4 type5 lighting local lamp 4 lamps ceiling lighting AC hot medium cool cold documen t holder type 1 type2 screen filter yes no footrest yes no phone yes no monitor stand yes no MS Wor d MS Exce l MS Outlo ok MS PowerP ont Google SketchU p Table 2: Selected workplace components for workplace configuration to be tested in usability lab (enter here your choice) WP components configuration old WP configuration new WP keyboard type In keyboard tray In keyboard tray keyboard wristrest No Yes mouse type Dell Ergonomic mouse pad Yes Mouse pad with wristrest software MS Word, MS PowerPoint, MS Excel; Google Chrome, WebEx, RGIS, R Stats MS Word, MS PowerPoint, MS Excel; Google Chrome, WebEx, ArcGIS chair Back rest does not support lower back, 5-wheel base Ergonomically designed chair, 5-wheel base lighting Ceiling lighting Ceiling lighting AC Cool Cool document holder No No screen filter No No desk layout User s desk simulated as much as possible New layout with adjusted variables footrest No No phone No No monitor stand No No Present here the sketches of the workplaces (old and new) layout indicating the location of workplace components Old Desk Layout OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 36 of 49

37 New Desk Layout Changes made for New Desk Layout: Monitors moved to curve in L shaped desk Monitors closer to user Monitors moved closer together to decrease neck strain Keyboard wrist rest added to avoid wrist strain Keyboard moved to top of desk so at same level and distance from user as mouse Mouse pad with wrist rest added 5.2 List of users tasks for workplaces testing in usability lab Prepare 5-10 tasks for users. Task 1: - Create Web Doc on WebEx o Open Firefox o Type into the URL box o Sign in to WebEx using the user name Tareia Rolle and password optm3041 o Create Web Doc with the title Hello and the message OPTM3041 Visual Ergonomics OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 37 of 49

38 o Save the document o Sign out of the account Task 2: - Find a Microsoft Word document o Open Microsoft Word o Open the file titled Group 2 OPTM 3041 o Underline the words Usability Testing and make them bold o Change the font style to Times New Roman and font size to 14. o Save this document Task 3: - Find a Microsoft PowerPoint document o Open Microsoft PowerPoint o Open file titled Usability Lab Testing Group 2 o Choose a different Design and insert one slide o Save document Task 4: - Create a Microsoft Excel document with a sum o Open Microsoft Excel o Type 200 in A1, 320 in B1, and 450 in C1 o Determine the Sum o Write sum here: Task 5: - Send an o Open Firefox o Open your account o Send to tareiarolle@gmail.com titled Optm3041, with message Usability Lab Task 6: - Find location on mapping system online o Open Firefox o Type in the URL box o Sign in using the username OPTM3041 and password ergonomics2 o Make a map o Find Trinidad on the map 5.3 Post-test questionnaire for usability testing Prepare a post-test questionnaire for usability testing (10-15 questions). Category 1: Match between System and the Real World. 1. I am familiar to the words, phrases and concepts used. Disagree Agree N/A 2. The information is presented in a simple, natural and logical order. Disagree Agree N/A Category 2: General System Usability 3. I would be comfortable with using this work system regularly for 8 hours. Disagree Agree N/A 4. I found this system to be suitable for a range of user experience. Disagree Agree N/A 5. I believe that most persons would be able to learn how to use this work station quickly. Disagree Agree N/A Category 3: User Guidance and Support 6. The system has navigational aids such as search facilities. Disagree Agree N/A 7. Errors made did not disrupt the work flow of the task. Disagree Agree N/A 8. I believe that technical support is needed to be able to use this workstation effectively. OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 38 of 49

39 Disagree Agree N/A 9. There are clearly marked exit buttons when I end up on a wrong page. YES NO Category 4: Flexibility and Control of Interface 10. I can customize the interface to suit the requirements of my tasks. Disagree Agree N/A 11. I have no difficulty in using the controls for this work station. Disagree Agree N/A Category 5: Workplace suitability for tasks 12. I can reach the keyboard and mouse comfortably from the seated position. Disagree Agree N/A Comments: 13. My wrists had adequate support that allowed me to use the keyboard and mouse comfortably. Disagree Agree N/A Comments: 14. I was seated comfortably on the chair and there was no strain on my back and shoulders. Disagree Agree N/A Comments: 15. How satisfied are you with your workplace configuration? (Please give percentage 0-100%) Questionnaire Responses Question # User 1 Response User 2 Response Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree No Yes Orientation of chair was uncomfortable 13 There was no mousepad Uncomfortable keyboard support was too high 14 The slant of the chair was uncomfortable on my lower back 15 40%; I would need to adjust the chair, and the dual screen should be included to more realistically represent my own workstation. 90% OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 39 of 49

40 5.4 Usability testing results Present the results of usability testing of old and new WP (screenshot from OBSERVER, some screenshots from video avi file and photos if available), analyze them and give suggestions for workplaces redesign. User 1 User 2 Comments Old WP: no wristrest for keyboard or mouse; monitor and mouse far from user New WP: wristrest for keyboard and mouse added; monitor moved closer to user; mouse placed beside keyboard; chair supports lower back Wristrest (keyboard/mouse) Monitor distance Mouse distance Chair Due to technical difficulties, a recording was not able to be taken of the first task. Navigation Error Corrected and Completed task - Task 1: Create Web Doc on WebEx o Open Firefox o Type into URL box o Sign in to WebEx using the user name Tareia Rolle and password optm3041 o Create Web Doc with the title Hello and the message OPTM3041 Visual Ergonomics o Save the document o Sign out of the account OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 40 of 49

41 Completed task with no errors Completed task with no errors - Task 2: Find a Microsoft Word document o Open Microsoft Word o Open the file titled Group 2 OPTM 3041 o Underline the words Usability Testing and make them bold o Change the font style to Times New Roman and font size to 14. o Save this document Completed task with no errors Completed task with no errors - Task 3: Find a Microsoft PowerPoint document o Open Microsoft PowerPoint o Open file titled Usability Lab Testing Group 2 o Choose a different Design and insert one slide o Save document Completed task with no errors Error in placement of numbers - Task 4: Create a Microsoft Excel document with a sum o Open Microsoft Excel o Type 200 in A1, 320 in B1, and 450 in C1 o Determine the Sum o Write sum here: Corrected and Completed task OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 41 of 49

42 Completed task with no errors Error in typing title of - Task 5: Send an o Open Firefox o Open your account o Send to tareiarolle@gmail.com titled Optm3041, with message Usability Lab Corrected and completed task Completed task with no errors Completed task with no errors - Task 6: Find location on mapping system online OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 42 of 49

43 OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 43 of 49 o Open Firefox o Type in the URL box o Sign in using the username OPTM3041 and password ergonomics2 o Make a map o Find Trinidad on the map

44 User 1 Analysis: This station was set up as close as possible to the original workplace of the original user, UWI Coordinator of Biodiversity. A chair similar to the original workplace was not available for this testing therefore this aspect could not be accurately analyzed. The monitor available was placed at the same distance (86cm) and height of the main monitor used in the original workplace. A book was used to simulate the placement of the accessory monitor. The desk in the original workplace contains a keyboard tray with the keyboard, but the desk available in the lab did not have a keyboard tray. To compensate for this, the keyboard was moved close to the user. A wrist rest was not used, to correlate with the lack of wrist rest in the original workplace. The mouse was placed on a mouse pad without a wrist rest and moved closer to the monitor to simulate the increased distance between the user and the mouse. A phone was not placed in the set up, due to the lack of phone in the original workplace. User 1 was asked to complete 6 tasks, all of which are daily tasks completed by the original user. Task 1 was unable to be recorded due to technical difficulties. Due to the increase in time, it seemed User 1 had the most difficulty performing task 6, finding Trinidad on the ArcGIS website. This may be due to the unfamiliarity of the user with this site since he is accustomed to using R Stats and RGIS software to perform daily tasks. Task 3, finding and manipulating a PowerPoint document, was performed in the least amount of time, suggesting the user is very familiar with this software. User 2 Analysis OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 44 of 49

45 Stimulation This station was set up using revised measurements to enhance the ergonomics of the original workplace of the original user, UWI Coordinator of Biodiversity. A more ergonomically friendly chair with better lower back support was used. The arm rests allowed the user s arm to be in line with the keyboard, and the curve of the arm rests would allow the keyboard tray to come closer to the user in the original workplace. The monitor was placed at a closer distance (53cm) and at eye level height to User 2. The book simulating the accessory monitor was placed at the same distance as the monitor and brought closer to the main monitor to avoid neck strain. The keyboard distance for setup 1 remained the same and a wrist rest was added. The mouse was placed on a mouse pad with a wrist rest and moved closer to the user beside the keyboard to simulate its placement on the keyboard tray in the original workplace. A phone was also not placed in this set up, due to the lack of need for a phone in the original workplace. User 2 was asked to complete 6 tasks, all of which are daily tasks completed by the original user. Due to the increase in time, it seemed User 2 had the most difficulty performing task 1, creating a web document on the WebEx website. This is due to the unfamiliarity of the user with this site. Task 3, finding and manipulating a PowerPoint document, was performed in the least amount of time, suggesting the user is very familiar with this software. Comparison of Tasks between User 1 and User 2 Task Time to complete task (s) Comments User 1 User 2 User 1 User 2 1 No reading 170 No reading Navigation Error Like Like Error Like Error Like Like According to the results from each user, User 1 encountered fewer errors throughout the tasks when compared to User 2. The total time taken to complete all tasks cannot be compared due to the lack of readings from Task 1 for User 1 due to technical difficulties. Tasks 2, 3, and 6 took less time for User 2 to complete possibly indicating a higher familiarity level with the software used. Tasks 4 and 5 were completed quicker for User 1. Both users encountered navigation error for Task 1; this was not recorded for User 1. User 1 had no other errors throughout the tasks, but User 2 also encountered errors in Tasks 4 and 5, possibly resulting in the increased time compared to User 1. This may suggest that User 1 is better able to complete the tasks using the software given. The set up of the workstations also provided different results. User 1 was not very comfortable with Workstation 1, but User 2 was more comfortable with Workstation 2. This implies that the revised measurements and adjustments would make the original workplace more comfortable for the original user. Brain Wave Analysis of User User 1 Brain Wave Analysis Series1 Series2 Series3 Series4 Series5 Series6 Time (s) OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 45 of 49

46 Average Percentages for Each Task Task Short Term Long Term Engagement Frustration Meditation Valence Excitement Excitement 2 43% 22% 88% 61% 34% 32% 3 44% 26% 83% 62% 35% 36% 4 42% 29% 98% 59% 38% 36% 5 47% 33% 93% 58% 36% 37% 6 56% 39% 80% 67% 36% 39% Results were also received from brain signals of User 1 during the tasks. Results from task 1 were unable to be recorded due to technical difficulties. The categories being monitored were short term excitement, long term excitement, engagement, frustration, meditation, and valence. The short term excitement was highest during task 6 of finding a location on ArcGIS, with the highest level of 56%. This excitement may be due to the extensive work User 1 completes using mapping software in his daily tasks. The lowest levels of short term excitement (42%) occurred during task 4, making an Excel spreadsheet. The long term excitement gradually increased throughout the tasks with the highest occurring during task 6 (39%) and the lowest during task 2 (22%). This low percentage at the start of the recording may be due to the short amount of time from beginning to become excited. Engagement was relatively high throughout all tasks with 80% being the lowest percentage at the end of task 6, and 98% being the highest during task 4. Engagement was also high during Task 5. These high engagement levels may be due to the accuracy of the tasks, for example, the typing of the correct numbers in MS Excel to generate the correct sum. The lower engagement levels at the end of task 6 may be due to the acknowledgement that the tasks are ending. Frustration levels remained above 50% throughout the tasks and this may have been caused by the occasional starting and stopping of tasks due to technical difficaulties. The lowest level was 58% which occurred during task 5, and the highest level 67% which occurred during task 6. The increased frustration level in task 6 may be due to the slight delay after signing in to ArcGIS online. Meditation levels were highest (38%) during task 4 and lowest (34%) during task 2. Valence gradually increased throughout the tasks, with a range of 32% to 39% from beginning to end (Task 2 to Task 6). OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 46 of 49

47 5.5 Implementation Picture position Photo initial workplace Photo redesigned 1. Company plate with WS# and employee names 2. Common overview of WP with user 3. Right view work on desk (KB use, chair back support, arms chair support, eye level regarding monitor top) 4. Leg space under desk without user 5. User sitting on chair An ergonomic chair was unable to b lower back support. Due to the new inadequate armrests of the original c to the user using the desk as an arm OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 47 of 49

48 Lightin 6. Other important picture, e.g. phone use, lighting, hand pain location Lighting OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 48 of 49

49 Percentage % Health Risks after Implementation Hazard Risks: Old vs. New Layouts Categories Health Risks After Implementation Change in Hazards Work Organization: 22% Work Organization: 0% Monitors: 25% Monitor: 43% change Input Devices: 10% Input Devices: 86% change Furniture: 50% Furniture: 44% change Workspace: 35% Workspace: 48% change Environment: 25% Environment: 0% Software: 0% Software: 0% Health Hazards: 45% Health Hazards: 40% change Health Risk: ( )/ 8= 26% Health Risk: 47% change Dissatifaction: 10% Dissatisfaction: 0% The implementation of the new layout decreased the health risk of the user by 47%. The user immediately stated a positive effect of the new layout on his posture and overall work experience. These adjustments will help to decrease the shoulder and lower back pain experienced by the user. OPTM3041 VE Project 02-ve-pro-Luke.docx page 49 of 49