OPTM 3041 Visual Ergonomics Semester Project Report

Transcription

1 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES FACULTY OF MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF OPTOMETRY AND VISUAL STUDIES OPTM 3041 Visual Ergonomics Semester Project Report Project Title: Ergonomic Assessment and design of a Workplace at UWI Life Sciences Department Students Names and ID No.: Seanté Sawh Arielle Seepersad Kirstin Sylvester Date: 24th November, 2015 Advisor: Dr. Alexander Nikov OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 1 of 83

2 CONTENT CONTENT Selection and description of workplace Description of workplace User Description Tasks Analysis Checklist for ergonomic evaluation Development of checklist and workplace study Workplace study Ergonomic analysis of workplace Calculation of workplace hazard risks Summary of problems and corrective measures Analysis of data by ErgoEaser Ergonomic design of 2-5 variants of workplace Usability testing variants of workplace for testing in usability lab List of users tasks for workplaces testing in usability lab Post-test questionnaire for usability testing Usability testing results Implementation OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 2 of 83

3 1 Selection and description of workplace 1.1 Description of workplace Picture position example 1. Company plate with WS# and employee names Mrs. Deborah Alleyne, Administrative Assistant. Work-station #5 Life Sciences Office, NSB. Floor Common overview of WP with user (An overview showing a quite congested workplace with a large desk) 3. Left view work on desk (KB use, chair back support, arms chair support, eye level regarding monitor top) (Picture showing user s narrow arm support preventing her elbow from being at a 90 degree angle) OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 3 of 83

4 4. Right view work on desk (KB use, chair back support, arms chair support, eye level regarding monitor top) Picture highlighting poor monitor positioning as well as angle of arms while typing Picture showing use of phone while using the mouse. Phone is on the wrong side 5. Leg space under desk without user Picture showing leg space below desk. User has directories for leg support. CPU can be moved to increase available space. OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 4 of 83

5 6. User sitting on chair Picture shows that the seat pan is too short for the user and is pressing into the back of her leg, likely to cause circulation problems OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 5 of 83

6 7. Other important picture, e.g. phone use, lighting, hand pain location 1 Figure 1 user has to bend over desk to access printer. Figure 2 User s legs are not stretched out enough and are not relaxed. 2 Figure 3 is a frontal overview of her workspace. 3 Figure 4 User looking at files 4 OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 6 of 83

7 Actual workstation dimensions Recommended workstation dimensions Sitting eye height [cm] Sitting elbow height [cm] Seat height to floot [cm] Desk height [cm] Desk depth [cm] 76 - Desk length [cm] Elbow Rest Height 24 Elbow to Elbow 65 Elbow to Fingertip (middle figer) 48 OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 7 of 83

8 Buttock to Popliteal 53 Chair Back Support Height 35 Back Support Angle 0 Seat Pan Height 52 Seat Pan Depth 48 Seat Pan Angle 0 Arm Support Height 23 Arm Support Width 65 Arm Support Depth 34 Monitor Height 117 Angle 0 Distance (between monitor and user) 76 OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 8 of 83

9 Keyboard Height of keyboard 69 Angle of keyboard 14 Distance (between keyboard and user) 40 Wrist Height (height of wrist support) 2 Mouse Height of mouse 68 Angle of mouse 0 Distance (between mouse and user) Wrist Height (height of mouse support) 43 3 OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 9 of 83

10 1.2 User Description There is only one user. This user can be described as female of average height, slightly heavyset and carries out administrative duties. She is right-handed and wears progressive lenses. She complains of neck and lower back pain. 1.3 Tasks Analysis Tasks with and without use of computer Tasks Working time [%] 1. Tasks with the use of computer Tasks without use of computer Tasks without use of computer Tasks Working time [%] 1. Reading documents Advising students Phone use 20 Total Tasks with use of computer Tasks Software name, version Working time [%] 1. ing UWI Webmail Preparing documents via Microsoft Word Microsoft Office Preparing spreadsheets via Microsoft Excel Microsoft Office Evaluating students' performance Banner Student Leave Management & Absenteeism Banner PeopleSoft Research Google <1 Total 100 OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 10 of 83

11 Identify the primary tasks through which users interact with the workstation. Choose two computer tasks for an in-depth description. For each task, describe how a user would complete the task using the existing workstation. Descriptions with sufficient detail are those in which the reader can clearly identify the following types of activities: physical (e.g., press the button), perceptual (e.g., read the signs/labels, hear the warning signs), and cognitive (e.g., decide which button to push, determine what is causing the problem). 1) ing The user extends her hands to her keyboard and mouse at approximately 120 degrees. She then selects the browser s icon with the mouse to open her browser and searches for UWI webmail. The user recalls her log-in information and signs into her account. She decides whether to read her received mails or compose new s. 2) Preparing documents via Microsoft Word The user decides to prepare a document. She then extends her hands to the mouse and keyboard and selects the Microsoft Word icon. Once the program has opened, she thinks about what she needs to write and begins typing. After preparing the document the user selects the save icon to save the document for later use. 2 Checklist for ergonomic evaluation 2.1 Development of checklist and workplace study Prepare a checklist for ergonomic evaluation of workplace with the following dimensions: 1. Dimension: Work Organization (tasks specification, workload, work monitoring, training) 2. Dimension: Display screens/vdu (monitor, glare) 3. Dimension: Input devices (keyboard, mouse, trackball, telephone headset) 4. Dimension: Furniture (desk, chair, footrest, document holder, wristrest/armrest) 5. Dimension: Work space/ work surface/ layout/ work posture/ seating 6. Dimension: Environment (illumination, temperature, air flow, noise) 7. Dimension: Software 8. Dimension: Health/hazards 9. Dimension: Common Use the example checklist given on project website ( OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 11 of 83

12 2.2 Workplace study Collection of data using the checklist from the workplace UWI Health and safety assessment of company office workplaces Date: 16/10/2015 Observer(s) names: Arielle Seepersad, Kirstin Sylvester, Seanté Sawh Ask questions/statements in column 1. 1,2 answers (positive/confirming) require no further action; write this assessment in column 2. Otherwise 3,4,5 answers require further investigation and may need remedial action. Ask questions/statements in column 3; write your assessment 1-5 in column 4 and details/text/suggestions in column 5. Then you write your common assessment in column strongly agree (very good) slightly agree (good) neutral (no idea) slightly disagree (bad) strongly disagree (very bad) This survey is aimed at identifying health and safety-related risks that may be present for jobs/tasks performed at your workplace. Your responses are both valuable and confidential. Thank you for your participation and patience in advance. Employee name: Mrs. Deborah Alleyne Job Title: Administrative Assistant Workstation number: 5 Department: Life Sciences About Employee Years spent in company: Years spent on current workplace: Average hours per day spent at your workplace computer: 36 Sex: M[1]/F[2] 2 Left or Right Handed: R[1] /L[2] 1 11 Age: 57 Glasses: no[1]/normal[2]/bifocal[3]/progressive[4]/contact lens[5] 4 7 Height: 5 5 feet or [cm] Education: High school [1], BSc [2], MSc [3], MPhil[4], PhD[5], other[6] 6 Weight [approx]: 180 lbs or [kg] Details about education: MA in Higher Education Problems to look for when making an assessment 1 CA {1-5} 2 Description/ways of reducing risk 3 DA {1-5} 4 Causes/Comments 5 Corrective measures/ways of reducing/eliminating HS risk 6 OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 12 of 83

13 CA=common assessment DA=detailed assessment 3 Dimension: Work organization (tasks specification, workload, work monitoring, training) 1.1. Dimension: Task specification (What is your task?) 1. What are your job tasks? What is the relevant average percentage of working time allocated to each task? Table 1: Showing job tasks & their relevant working time 2. What software for what tasks are you using? Percentage distribution (sum=100%) Table 2: Showing software used for relevant tasks 3. You have control over workflows/tasks order. 4. Your job has a variety of tasks to avoid monotony and is designed to be as interesting as possible. 2 If not explain. 2 Monotony: the quality of wearisome constancy, routine, and lack of variety in the work. OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 13 of 83

14 5. You do not have overtime work. 5 Average overtime hours per week 1-2h [3]; 3-5h [4]; >5h [5] If not: You do not have enough time for doing your job [3-5] Dimension: Workload 6. You are generally able to cope with your workload without experiencing undue stress or tension. 7. Your deadlines are well organized so that workloads remain reasonably steady. 5 If not explain. User experiences stress due to heavy workload 2 If not explain. 8. When staff members are absent (sick or on leave), you have a means to avoid an unreasonable extra workload. 2 If not explain. fullcoverege [1], part of job done [2-4], no coverage [5] Dimension: Work monitoring/performance control 9. There is some monitoring of your work. 10. You get feedback from supervisor about your performance. 1 If yes how? 1 If yes how? 1.4. Dimension: Training 11. I received training in setting up the workstation for sitting and visual comfort (ergonomics/cardinus). 5 [1] Propose training, information material 4 Dimension: Display screens/vdu (monitor, glare) 2.1. Monitor OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 14 of 83

15 12. When sitting upright and looking straight ahead, you look at/ slightly below the top edge of the monitor. 5 If monitor position is not directly in front of user, the user head is turned to the side. Rotating neck to view monitor places increased demands on neck and shoulders. [4-5] 5 Monitor is not directly in front (to the side). User has to turn to see it. Arrange workstation to allow for proper posture: [1] sit back in chair [2] pull keyboard to user [3] change location/height of monitor [4] position monitor directly in front of user [5] place document holder in line with monitor If your head is not directly over spine (i.e. the head is forward and the chin is out or if your head is tilted up/down [4-5] Your monitor is at a comfortable reading distance. 2 Monitor distance is not at maximum distance (>45 cm) that allows optimal clarity for the user. It is easier for the eyes to focus at a greater distance. If <45cm [5] 14. All characters on your monitor are clear, easily legible and the image is stable. 2 If software application with bad contrast between text and background colors [4-5] [1] Try using different monitor colors to reduce flicker, e.g. darker background and lighter text. [2] If problems still persists contact IT support. If intensive graphic work (eg CAD) and no large monitors with high resolution [4-5] [1] Supply monitors with minimum You can adjust the brightness/contrast of the monitor. 1 Partly adjustment [4], no adjustment [5] [1] Training needed 16. You are not using more than one monitor. 1 If more than one, how many? If wrong layout [3-5] Case of 2-3 monitors [1] Position the primary monitor where OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 15 of 83

16 >50% of work is performed directly in front of user [2] Position the secondary monitor(s) to the sides at about a 30 0 angle to the primary monitor right or left Glare 17. Your monitor is free from glare and reflections. 4 Screens that use dark characters on a light background are less prone to glare and reflections Use a mirror placed in front of the screen to check where reflections are coming from. Prevent source of glare from reaching monitor by: [1] opaque vertical blinds [2] anti-glare screen filter [3] use matte LCD monitors [4] place monitor at right angles to light source(s) [5] move desk 18. Provided adjustable window coverings prevent glare/reflection and they are working. 2 [1] Provide blinds with vertical slats that are more suitable than horizontal ones. 19. You do not face a window(s) or don t sit with the back to window. 5 Back is to window [1] Change if possible the location of workplace 20. A luminary is not located in the offending zone. 3 Offending zone = a lighting location that produces maximum veiling reflections. [1] Change if possible the location of workplace 5 Dimension: Input devices (keyboard, mouse, trackball, telephone headset) Keyboard OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 16 of 83

17 21. You can work with your keyboard in a comfortable shoulder/arm/ hand position. 4 [1] Try pushing the monitor further back to create more room for the keyboard, hands and wrists. [2] Users of thick, raised keyboards may need a wrist rest. [3] Provide ergonomic keyboard [4] when a lot of numbers provide optical mouse with numeric keypad 1. Head not balanced over shoulders [3-5] 2. Shoulders: rounded forward, lowered or shrugged [3-5] 3. Keyboard more than 30mm at the home row of keys [3-5] 4. Keyboard not directly centered in front of you [3-5] 5. Elbows not at a ~90 0 angle, just below the desk surface [3-5] 6. Armrests of chair not at the same level as the desk surface to support your elbows [3-5] 7. Eyes not on the copy as you work [3-5] 8. Strike the keys with wrong fingers [3-5] 9. Fingers curved a lot [3-5] Wrists not in line with forearms [3-5] 4 [1] Adjust seat height so that keyboard and mouse sit just below elbow height. [2] Raise or lower adjustable work surfaces so that they are just below seated elbow height. [3] Retract keyboard feet. [4] Support arms on armrest when keying or mousing. OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 17 of 83

18 11. Wrist deviated when using keyboard, mouse or input device [3-5] 4 [1] Ensure adequate space for input device. [2] Use an appropriately sized keyboard (e.g. external keyboard if laptop is used regularly on desk). 22. You use your laptop keyboard for less than 30 min/day. 5 If 0.5-1h/day [3], 1-2h [4], >2h/day [5] 5 [1] Use extra standard keyboard Mouse, trackball, telephone headset 23. You can work with your mouse in a comfortable shoulder/arm/hand position. Your mouse is positioned close to you. 4 User has adjusted to the set up but is not particularly comfortable. [1] Place mouse as close as possible at same height right/left beside the keyboard. [2] Use a mouse bridge (i.e. a hard surface that is placed over number pad on keyboard). [3] Use mousepad wristrest Training may be needed to: [4] prevent arm overreaching; [5] not to leave your hand on device when it is not being used; [6] relax arm straight wrist. 24. Your mouse is suitable for your tasks. 2 [1] If the user is having problems, try different device. [2] Alternative devices like touch screens/pads may be better for some tasks can be worse for others. [3] If wrist/arm pain, change arm with mouse OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 18 of 83

19 25. You don t have extended telephone use (greater than 1h/day or calls exceeding 10 minutes). 4 What percentage of your working time? Cell phone and/or landline phone? 4 User is on the phone often but individual calls are not exceeding 10 minutes. [1] If more than 1h/day--> need for headset. [2] Headset should be lightweight, comfortable and have easily adjustable volume controls If 1-2h/day [3], 2-3h/day [4], >4h/day [5] 6 Dimension: Furniture (desk, chair, footrest, document holder, wristrest/armrest) Desk 26. Your work surface is large enough for all the necessary equipment, papers, etc. 4 If not, you need little bit more space [3], more space [4], much more space [5] 4 Area seems cluttered. [1] Create more room by moving printers, reference materials etc. elsewhere. [2] If necessary, consider providing new power and telecoms sockets, so equipment can be moved. [3] If user s forearms not parallel with desk surface or arched slightly downward raise the chair. [4] Provide sufficient space for large documents, completed work or writing. Chair OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 19 of 83

20 27. Your chair is adjusted correctly and you are able to carry out your work sitting comfortably. 5 5 Chair can be raised/lowered and rotated. But cannot roll and back cannot be adjusted. [1] Sit fully back in your chair, with your back and shoulders straight and supported by the back of the chair. [2] Adjust the chair from seated position [3] Move any obstructions from under the desk. [4] Train the user in adopting suitable postures while working [5] Use alternative chairs for dynamic sitting [6] Kneeling chair [7] Wave Stool Armrests of chairs stop you getting close enough to use your equipment comfortably [4-5] [8] Twin Back Ergonomic Chair [9] Ball chair [1] If seat presses into the back of knees tilt it slightly forward to alleviate any knee pressure Feet not flat on the floor with knees not at a ~90 0 angle [4-5] Seat presses into the back of knees [3-5] 5 5 OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 20 of 83

21 28. Your back support position is adjusted to support spine in comfortable position. 5 Back support height does not accommodate natural curves of spine and back support angle does not encourage comfortable body postures [3-5] 5 [1] The backrest height should be adjusted to fit into the small of your back and adequately support the spine (To find the small of the back, stand with hands on waist.) [2] The backrest angle should be adjusted so that you are sitting upright while keying [3] Change backrest position when not keying. [4] Try to have straight back, supported by the chair, with relaxed shoulders. 5 User has attached a back support device but is still experiencing back pain [1] Raise/lower the back rest so the small of the back is in contact with the most outward curved areas of the back support. [2] Instead attach a removable back support cushion to existing back support. Small of the back not supported by the chair s backrest [3-5] OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 21 of 83

22 29. The seatpan is comfortable for you. 5 Front edge of seatpan presses into back of your knee with negative impact on circulation in lower legs [4-5] 5 User is experiencing pain in legs. [1] Choose a chair with front edge that is rounded for reducing pressure on back of legs. [2] Adjust the seat height and/or tilt so that user s thighs are parallel to floor with feet resting on floor or on a footrest. [3] Adjust chair height to get user s forearms in horizontal position, and then adjust monitor height, if necessary. [4] If unable to sit with thighs parallel to floor, or with a slight downward angle from hips to knees then adjust chair height so that feet remain flat on floor or footrest [5] Choose a chair with 2-3 fingers width between front edge of chair and back of knees. [6] Attach a removable back support cushion to existing backrest to shorten seatpan There is no space between spine and backrest. 1 [1] Arrange workstation to allow proper back support. (i.e. position keyboard closer to user, bring monitor closer to user). [2] Remove or lower armrests which may prevent sitting back fully due to contact with front of desk or keyboard tray. [3] Replace the seat pan if it's too long and doesn't allow for sitting back fully in chair. Footrest 31. Your feet are flat on the floor, without too much pressure from the seat on the backs of the upper legs. 4 Footrest is too low. [1] Raise/lower chair to allow feet to rest comfortably flat on floor. [2] Use footrest if keyboard/desk height requires an elevated chair. Footrest not large enough and light enough to be moved easily [3-5] Height not acceptable to you [3-5] Slope not acceptable to you [3-5] Slips on floor [3-5] OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 22 of 83

23 Document holder 32. You don t work with a number of paper documents. 4 If >1h/day work with paper documents [4] Documents laid flat on the desk or too far from the monitor are causing awkward posture [3-5] 4 4 [1] If >1h/day work with paper documents provide document holder [2] Use document holder that sits between you and the monitor or next to monitor. Document holder is not suitable for your work [4-5] 4 [3] Position documents to encourage comfortable neck/head position. [4] Other items that you look at (books, copyholders, etc.) should be located appropriately Wristrest /Armrest 33. You have comfortable wristrest (height, length, width and slipperiness and sponginess) for your wrist and forearm. 4 If >2h/day work with keyboard/mouse [4] 4 [1] If >2h/day work with keyboard/mouse provide wristrests for keyboard/mouse. 34. Your armrest is suitable for you, with respect to height, length, width and slipperiness and sponginess? 3.66 Armrests provide inadequate forearm support when keying or mousing. Hunched shoulders armrests too high [4-5] Leaning to one side armrests too low [4-5] Elbows away from the body armrests too 4 3 [1] Аrmrests are too low аdd padding to bring them up to a comfortable level. [2] Replace with armrests that can be adjusted to the correct height. [3] Аrmrests are too wide аdjust to bring them closer together. [4] Replace seat pan on chair with a narrower one. [5] Replace with width-adjustable armrests. OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 23 of 83

24 wide [4-5] 3 7 Dimension: Work space/ work surface/ layout/ work posture/ seating 35. Worksurface height allows you to position upper body (shoulders/arms/ hands) in comfortable position to use keyboard, mouse, pens, etc. 4 More space needed for mouse [1] Adjust worksurface height by deskalator [2] Adjust chair [3] Determine desk height for relevant user height [4] Use keyboard tray 36. You have enough space for legs/feet under worksurface/ desk 5. Keyboard rests on legs. [1] remove materials underneath desk. [2] raise desktop surface for taller individuals, or chair may be lowered if knees remain at or slightly below the hips. [3] Install keyboard tray to increase distance between monitor and desktop and provide more leg room 37. You have sufficient space to vary your working posture and get into a comfortable position. 5 Not enough space to move, stretch and fidget [4-5] 5 [1] Consider reorganising the office layout and check for obstructions. [2] Cables should be tidy and not a trip or snag hazard. OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 24 of 83

25 [3] Consider dynamic sitting by keeling, ball chairs, etc. 38. Frequently used items are within easy reach from your seated posture. 5 Frequently used items are not within normal arm reach with minimum trunk movement [4-5] 5 Printer is in an inconvenient position. [1] Rearrange equipment, papers etc. to bring frequently used things within easy reach. 39. You have adequate and comfortable storage space for your files, supplies, reference materials and personal items 5 Poor access to office equipment inviting awkward postures and increased stress/strain on the body [4-5] Repeated or prolonged trunk bending (e.g. filing documents) [4-5] 5 5 [1] Where possible, perform filing on a desk surface, or other surface that allows for comfortable back postures. OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 25 of 83

26 40. You don t have to twist your torso (e.g. reaching behind or across the body). 5 User has phone on incorrect side so has to reach across body to hold phone. [1] If user is right-handed, arrange accessories (except telephone) to the right of the monitor. [2] Locate telephone on the left in order to answer with the left hand and take notes with the right. Opposite set-up if left handed. [3] Determine which accessories are used most frequently and locate them closest to the user. [4] Encourage users to stand up when retrieving items behind them. Workplace Details Take photos of the workplace showing the location of windows and lighting, the operator s direction of gaze and the direction of north. Make many photos: windows, lighting, employee, etc Actual workstation dimensions Recommended workstation dimensions Sitting eye height [cm] 115 Sitting elbow height [cm] 69 Seat height to floot [cm] 50 Desk height [cm] 75 OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 26 of 83

27 Desk depth [cm] 76 Desk length [cm] Dimension: Environment (illumination, temperature, air flow, noise) 41. Workstation light is suitable for your work (not too bright or too dim, no glare, reflection on monitor). 5 Users should be able to control light levels, e.g. by adjusting window blinds or light switches. Workstation is too dim even with window open. [1] Lower light levels for computer use and brighter, more direct light for hard copy. [2] Use low gloss, off-white color on surfaces. [3] Reduce the amount of light in work area, especially from ceilingmounted light fixtures. [4] Use appropriate task lighting. [5] Consider shading or repositioning light sources or providing local lighting, e.g. desk lamps (but make sure lights don t cause glare by reflecting off walls or other surface). Too much/too little light [4-5] You have comfortable workstation temperature (AC) (22-26 o C) for work being performed 2 <22 o C or > 26 o [4-5] [1] (<22 o C or > 26 o C) raise/lower temperature to individual comfort. [2] Wear more/less warm clothing [3] Use personal controls (dress in layers, personal fans, etc.) to optimize comfort 43. You feel that the air humidity is comfortable, e.g. no dry mouth 5 Monitors, ACs and other equipment may dry the air. [1] Circulate fresh air if possible [2] Plants may help. [3] Consider a humidifier if discomfort is severe. [4] Consider air cleaner 44. Noise levels are comfortable for you. 2 Too much noise is distracting [4-5] Noise level is comfortable for use. [1] Consider moving sources of noise, e.g. printers, away from the user. [2] Consider soundproofing [3] Consider organizational measures OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 27 of 83

28 to reduce speaking 9 Dimension: Software 45. You find that the software is easy to use. 46. You don t need support from IT department for using the software. 2 If not explain. [1] Consider further usability study 2 If not how many times per month?. 1 or less. [1] Consider further usability study 47. You can customize the software to your needs. 3 If not are you interested in such adaptation according to your preferences and interests? Not particularly interested. [1] Consider further usability study 10 Dimension: Health/hazards 48. You have no complaints (e.g. headaches, eyes, neck, back, hands, wrists, arms discomfort or pains) working at your workstation. 5 Which? Headaches, eyes, neck, back, hands, wrists, arms discomfort or pains [4-5] What could be the reason/source (guess of the worker)? 5 Knee, back of leg, lower.back, shoulders. [1] Find possible work/workplace related causes 49. Are you not receiving any medical treatment with relation to your work at present? Give percentage (0-100%) 5 If yes which? 0% 11 Dimension: Common 50. You are satisfied with your job and feel comfortable with your workplace. Give percentage (0-100%) 60% 51. List any problems you may have experienced working on your workplace. Health issues: pain in back, thighs, knees and shoulder. 52. Do you think you can improve your work performance/results? How? No. 53. Do you have any general comments to make about your workstation? No. OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 28 of 83

29 Additional Questions Dimension Particulars Dimension: Work Organization (tasks specification, workload, work monitoring, training) Dimension: Display screens/vdu (monitor, glare) Dimension: Input devices (keyboard, mouse, trackball, telephone headset) Additional question formulated based on worker Do you think that moving your monitor position is acceptable? Common Assessment 5 Dimension: Furniture (desk, chair, footrest, document holder, wrist-rest/armrest) Your footrest relieves pressure on your feet? 5 Dimension: Work space/ work surface/ layout/ work posture/ seating Dimension: Environment (illumination, temperature, air flow, noise) Dimension: Software Dimension: Health/hazards You can adjust your chair to create more space under desk? 5 Dimension: Common * = no further questions needed in these areas Thank you for your time and cooperation with this survey OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 29 of 83

30 Summary of problems allocated Phone is on wrong side of user. Lighting is dim Back is facing window. Glare and reflections from window on computer Room is humid Printer is far away Monitor is poorly positioned Elbows are not at 90 deg. Arm support is poor. Foot rest is not supportive enough. Arm rests are too narrow Chair back cannot be moved and chair cannot be rolled. Corrective measures to solve problems allocated Position phone on left side of user Implement a desk lamp Place monitor to be ~90 to window and close window blinds Implement a humidifier or plants Position printer within easy reach for user Position monitor to be directly in front of user Use a comfortable ergonomic chair with better arm support Use a more supportive foot rest with correct size and height Use an ergonomic chair with wider arm rests Use a comfortable ergonomic chair with adjustable back support and can roll OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 30 of 83

31 Collection of data using a lightmeter Light Measurements Source Light value (lux) (a) Light emitted from PC screen 32 (b) Light incident 45cm from display 104 (c) Illumination in background above display 176 (d) Illumination to left of display 146 (e) Illumination to right of display 115 (f) Light at keyboard 225 (g) Light at mouse 95 (h) Illumination on desk reading surface 273 (i) Light from nearest light source 1,360 (j) Light from nearest window 860 (k) Light outdoors in a covered area 250 (l) Light in direct sunlight 105,000 OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 31 of 83

32 Diagram 1: Showing dimensions of desk. Diagram 2: Showing dimensions of printer (below) OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 32 of 83

33 3. Ergonomic analysis of workplace 3.1 Calculation of workplace hazard risks Workplace hazard risks [%] As seen on the bar chart, work space hazard is extremely high. This is ironic as the user has a very large work space. However, despite having a lot of space available, the office area is not efficiently organized. Her health hazards are at a maximum. Despite experiencing a number of health issues arising from the workplace, the user is not seeking any medical help. OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 33 of 83

34 3.2. Summary of problems and corrective measures Q# Summary of problems allocated Corrective measures to solve problems allocated Monitor not free from glare & reflections; user sits with back to window; not enough space for all necessary equipment & papers; workstation light too dim; Air humidity is not comfortable. Place monitor at right angles to light source; move desk; change if possible the location of workplace; create more room by moving printer & reference materials elsewhere; consider providing new power & telecoms sockets so equipment can be moved; provide sufficient space for large documents, completed work or writing; consider providing local lighting e.g. desk lamp positioned without causing glare; circulate fresh air if possible via air cleaner or humidifier if discomfort is severe; plants may help Monitor position not directly in front of user causing head to turn to the side; rotating neck to view monitor places increased demands on neck & shoulders; shoulders: rounded forward & shrugged; elbows not at a ~90 angle; armrests of chair not at the same level as the desk surface to support elbows; armrests also provide inadequate forearm support when keying/mousing; fingers curved a lot; wrists not in line with forearms; wrists deviated when using keyboard & mouse; user has uncomfortable wrist-rest for wrist & forearm; work-surface height does not allow user to position upper body (shoulders/arms/hands) in comfortable position to use keyboard, mouse, pens; not enough space to vary working posture (move, stretch, fidget) and get into a comfortable position Change location/height of monitor; provide ergonomic keyboard; when a lot of numbers provide optical mouse with numeric keypad; ensure adequate space for input devices; provide comfortable wrist-rests for keyboard/mouse; replace with armrests that can be adjusted to the correct height & width determine desk height for relevant user height, then adjust work-surface height by deskalator or adjust chair height; consider reorganizing the office layout & check for obstructions OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 34 of 83

35 Armrests of chair stop user from getting close enough to use equipment comfortably; feet not flat on floor with knees not at a ~90 angle; chair can be raised/lowered/rotated but cannot roll & the backrest cannot be adjusted; back support height does not accommodate natural curves of spine & back support angle does not encourage comfortable body postures; small of the back not supported by the chair's backrest; front edge of seat-pan presses into back of upper leg/hamstrings with negative impact on circulation in lower legs; footrest not large enough & light enough to be moved easily; height (too low) & slope of footrest not acceptable; slips on floor Use alternative chairs for dynamic sitting; Provide a chair where the backrest angle can be adjusted so that user sits upright while keying; change backrest position when not keying; raise/lower backrest so the small of the back is in contact with the most outward curved areas of the back support; or instead attach a removable back support cushion to existing back support; choose a chair with front edge that is rounded for reducing pressure on back of legs; choose a chair with 2-3 fingers width between front edge of chair and back of knees; adjust the seat height and/or tilt so that user's thighs are parallel to floor & feet rests flat on floor or on footrest; use another more comfortable footrest (large, light, tall enough; does not slip); adjust chair height to get user's forearms in horizontal position and then adjust monitor height if necessary Provide headset; headset should be lightweight, comfortable & have easily adjustable volume controls; if headset is unattainable, as user is right-handed arrange accessories to the right of monitor & locate telephone on the left in order to answer with the left hand & take notes with the right; determine which accessories are used most frequently & locate them closest to the user; encourage user to stand up when retrieving items behind her Extended phone use; user has to twist her torso OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 35 of 83

36 32 Consider document holder that sits between user & monitor and/or next to monitor; position documents to encourage comfortable neck/head position; other items (books, copyholders etc) should be located appropriately User works with a number of paper documents; documents laid flat on desk or too far from monitor are causing awkward posture Rearrange equipment, papers etc to bring frequently used things within easy reach; where possible perform filing on a desk surface or other surface that allows for comfortable back postures Frequently used items are not within normal arm reach with minimum trunk movement; poor access to office equipment such as the printer invites awkward postures & increased stress/strain on the body including repeated trunk bending OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 36 of 83

37 3.3. Analysis of data by ErgoEaser Figure a: User's dimension inputted into ErgoEaser OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 37 of 83

38 Figure b: User's time and pace specifics inputted into ErgoEaser OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 38 of 83

39 Figure c: Chair dimensions inputted into ErgoEaser OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 39 of 83

40 Figure d: Input dimensions inputted into ErgoEaser OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 40 of 83

41 Figure e: Display dimensions inputted into ErgoEaser (note: user did not have a document holder, however she does have to twist to carry out some tasks such as reaching the printer) OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 41 of 83

42 Problems identified by ErgoEASER for the positioning of the user at her workstation (indicated by the red X in the pictures above): Neck/Shoulder Strains - Monitor should be aligned directly in front of the user Eye Strains - monitor should be closer Lower Back Strains - back support height should be decreased Wrist Dicomfort - wrist support should be implemented - mouse area should be enlarged - mouse and keyboard height should be increased Elbow Discomfort - keyboard and mouse distance from user should be increased ErgoEASER s suggested adjustments: The chair - lower the back support height from 35cm to 23cm - Reduce the seat pan height from 52cm to 50cm - Increase the arm support height from 23cm to 25cm - Increasethe foot rest distance to 48.5 The inputs - Increase the keyboard height from 69cm to 74cm - Increase the keyboard distance from 40cm to 48cm - Increase the keyboard wrist height from 2cm to 8cm - Provide a keyboard without sharp edges - Provide a padded wrist rest - Increase the mouse height to from 68cm 74cm - Increase the mouse distancefrom 43cm to 48cm The display - Reduce the monitor distance from 76cm to 68cm OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 42 of 83

43 Revised ErgoEASER dimensions which improves the erganomic posture of the user Figure f: Revised chair dimensions OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 43 of 83

44 Figure g: Revised keyboard and mouse input dimensions OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 44 of 83

45 Figure h: Revised monitor display dimensions Discussion of revised dimensions The keyboard is now off of the user s lap and aligned such that her elbows are at 90 degrees to the keyboard Edges removed to prevent cutting off of circulation at the wrists from keyboard use Monitor is closer to the user eliminating eye strain The overall distance between the user and the workstation was increased allowing more space/less restrictions to user, but not so much as to induce other strains Although ErgoEASER does not identify the problem of the seat pan depth, it should be adjusted by a few centimetres. Also a foot rest implemented so that she could extend her legs to increase circulation/ prevent blood flow cut-off behind the thighs where her legs do in fact angle downward a small amount (not perfectly at 90 degrees as the picture suggests). OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 45 of 83

46 4. Ergonomic design of 2-5 variants of workplace Health Issue No investment Minimal investment Maximum Investment Pain in back Chair cannot be adjusted properly so there is no way around investing New back rest, New ergonomic chair e.g. Higher cost ergonomic chair e.g. Chair/dp/B00IFHPVEU/ref=sr_1_14?ie=UTF8&qid= &sr=8-14&keywords=ergonomic+chair 80 USD 999USD New chair should be of these corrected measurements OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 46 of 83

47 Pain in thighs Move keyboard and mouse to desk and remove keyboard tray New ergonomic chair e.g. Higher cost ergonomic chair e.g. Chair/dp/B00IFHPVEU/ref=sr_1_14?ie=UTF8&qid= &sr=8-14&keywords=ergonomic+chair 80 USD USD Chair mounted keyboard tray New chair should be of these corrected measurements 76 USD OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 47 of 83

48 Pain in knees Provide boxes as foot rest Ergonomic adjustable foot rest e.g. Higher cost ergonomic adjustable foot rest e.g. Pain in shoulders Rearrange room. Move printer into her reach. Move the phone to the left side. Move the monitor to the corner of the desk and sit in the corner K56144US/dp/B004UQ40IS/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&qid= &sr=8-5&keywords=foot+rest 60 USD Dismantle the CPU station & shift it to the side so that she can sit in the corner facing the monitor html 154 USD OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 48 of 83

49 The user does not yet have wrist problems, however to avoid her developing any wrist problems It would be advisable for her to use an ergonomic keyboard with wrist rest and an ergonomic mouse such as the examples below. Lower cost keyboard 7.22 USD Lower cost gel wrist rest for keyboard: 16 USD OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 49 of 83

50 Low cost mouse mate: 10 USD OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 50 of 83

51 5. Usability testing variants of workplace for testing in usability lab. WP components keyboard type keyboard wristrest yes no mouse type dell ergonomic x-tech mouse pad yes no software Autocad 2008 standard Autocad MEP 2008 Autocad 2008 Map 3D CorelDraw 10 Photoshop cs3 chair type 1 type2 type3 type4 type5 local lamp 4 lamps ceiling lighting lighting AC hot medium cool cold document holder type1 type2 screen filter yes no footrest yes no phone yes no monitor stand yes no Table 2: Selected workplace components for workplace configuration to be tested in usability lab WP components configuration old WP configuration new WP keyboard type Dell Dell keyboard wrist-rest yes Yes: higher wrist-rest mouse type Dell Dell mouse pad no yes software MS Excel, MS Word, MS Outlook MS Excel, MS Word, MS Outlook chair Type 1: High back, executive Type 2: mid back, mesh chair lighting Ceiling lighting Ceiling lighting + local lamp AC cool cool document holder Desk-top flat document holder Monitor-attached document holder screen filter yes yes desk layout See image 5.11 below See image 5.12 below footrest Yes: telephone directories Yes: box phone Yes: to the right Yes: to the left monitor stand no no MS Word MS Excel MS Outlook MS PowerPoint Google SketchUp OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 51 of 83

52 Old Workplace Design Image 5.11 OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 52 of 83

53 New Workplace Design Image 5.12 OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 53 of 83

54 5.2. List of users tasks for workplaces testing in usability lab TASK NUMBER Task 1 TASKS TO CARRY OUT a) Open the Microsoft Word document titled "Usability Lab (word)" on desktop. b) Change the font to Times New Roman and the font size to 12. c) Change the words "To whom it may concern to bold and underline. d) Save the document. Task 2 Use the phone to call while signing your name here: Task 3 a) Open the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet titled "Usability Lab (excel)" on desktop. b) Using excel "sum" formula; calculate the sum of B2 and C2. c) Place the answer in cell D2. d) Save the spreadsheet. Task 4 a) Sign in to your UWI . b) Create a new titled "Usability Lab". c) Attach the Microsoft Word document titled Usability Lab(word) and the spreadsheet titled "Usability Lab (excel)" from desktop. d) Send to a.seepersad@yahoo.com Task 5 a) Go onto Google and search for a document holder on Amazon.com b) Look for the brand titled Easel Document Holders 10x2x14 inches black and write the cost of the item here: Task 6 a) Log onto Banner Student. b) Access the profile for a course of your choice. c) Write the course code and title of the course here: Task 7 Retrieve document from printer OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 54 of 83

55 5.3. Post-test questionnaire for usability testing Match between system & real world 1. Is the software used familiar to the user? Agree Disagree NA Comments: User control & Freedom & Ease of use 2. Is logging in/out easy? Agree Disagree NA Comments: 3. Is the software easy to learn? Agree Disagree NA Comments: 4. Is the software easy to remember how to use? Agree Disagree NA Comments: 5. Have unnecessary registrations been avoided? Agree Disagree NA Comments: 6. Are you easily able to undo actions? Agree Disagree NA Comments: Aesthetics & Design 7. Is the user interface of the software well designed? (design is pleasing, ease of finding things) Agree Disagree NA Comments: 8. Is the text on the software appropriately sized? Agree Disagree NA Comments: 9. Is the software free from irrelevant, unnecessary and distracting information? Agree Disagree NA Comments: Help & Documentation 10. Do error messages describe problems sufficiently and in a constructive way? Agree Disagree NA Comments: Comfort 11. Are you comfortable with the monitor height? Agree Disagree NA Comments: OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 55 of 83

56 12. Are you comfortable with the positioning of the keyboard? Agree Disagree NA Comments: 13. Are you comfortable with the desk height? Agree Disagree NA Comments: Ease of use & Efficiency 14. Are you able to adjust the monitor height? Agree Disagree NA Comments: 15. Are you easily able to adjust your chair? Agree Disagree NA Comments: 16. The wrist rest improves your comfort to allow for efficient completion of tasks? Agree Disagree NA Comments: 17. The document holder improves your ability to efficiently complete tasks? Agree Disagree NA Comments: 18. Does moving the printer nearer allow you to retrieve documents easier? Agree Disagree NA Comments: 19. Is it easy to use the phone while signing the document? Agree Disagree NA Comments: 20. Is the mouse able to be moved about comfortably to allow for efficient completion of tasks? Agree Disagree NA Comments: OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 56 of 83

57 Results from post-test questionnaire Qu # Questions from Questionnaire Match between system & real world Configuration old WP OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 57 of 83 Configuration new WP User 1 User 2 Strongly Strongly Strongly Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Agree Neutral Disagree Agree Disagree Agree Disagree Is the software used familiar to you? User control, freedom & ease of use Is logging in/out easy? Is the software easy to learn? Is the software easy to remember how to use? Have unnecessary registrations been avoided? Are you easily able to undo actions? Aesthetics & design Is the user interface of the software well designed? (design is pleasing, ease of finding things) Is the text on the software appropriately sized? Is the software free from irrelevant, unnecessary & distracting information? Help & documentation Do error messages describe problems sufficiently & in a constructive way? Comfort Are you comfortable with the monitor height? Are you comfortable with the positioning of the keyboard? Are you comfortable with the desk height? Ease of use & efficiency Are you able to adjust the monitor height? Are you easily able to adjust your chair? The wrist rest improves your comfort to allow for efficient completion of tasks? The document holder improves your ability to efficiently complete tasks? Does moving the printer nearer allow you to retrieve documents easier? User did not have to learn anything new User did not attempt to User did not use a wrist rest No document holder was used There were no error messages

58 19 20 Is it easy to use the phone while signing the document? Is the mouse able to be moved about comfortably to allow for efficient completion of tasks? The major limitation with comparison of the old and new workplace designs was that since a different person was used for each workplace configuration, the responses were subjective to each user. Both User 1 and 2 strongly agreed that the software was familiar to them and that logging in and out was easy. However User 1 had significant struggles with the updated UWI banner system. User 1 claimed that she did not have anything to learn, however as mentioned she had to learn how to use the new UWI banner system. User 2 agreed that the software was easy to learn. User 1 strongly agreed and user 2 agreed, that the software was easy to remember. User 1 disagreed and user 2 strongly disagreed that unnecessary registrations were avoided. Both users strongly agreed that they were easily able to undo actions. User 1 agreed that the interface was well designed, while user 2 offered a neutral response. The differing opinions about the same/similar software highlights the subjectiveness of the usability testing. The users do not give the same response to the same software, therefore a comparison of their opinions about the differing components is not reliable. 1 agreed that the old keyboard position was comfortable while user 2 was neutral to the comfort level of the keyboard s position. The monitor height was not adjusted in either workplace design and both users agreed that it was placed at a comfortable height. Based on the questionnaire s results, it would seem that there were differing opinions of the amount of adjustments that could be made to the monitor s height although the same monitor and height was used in each case. This may be attributed to the height differences between users. User 1 strongly disagreed that the high-back mesh chair used in the old workplace was easy to adjust whereas user 2 strongly agreed that his low back chair was much easier to adjust. In the new design, a wrist-rest was added, a document holder attached to the right side of the monitor was mounted, the monitor was placed directly in front of the user rather than at an angle, the phone and printer s position was modified and an entirely new chair was introduced. The results of this showed that moving the printer nearer and implementing a document holder gave definite improvements from user 2 s responses as he strongly agreed that they made carrying out tasks easier. User 2 also did not feel like the wrist-rest improved comfort to allow for efficient completion of tasks. Both users were neutral towards the phone position in each design even though the phone was shifted to the left side which should have made it easier to sign documents while on the phone. It was noted from the video that user 2 did not in fact signed the document while using the phone. User 1 was neutral towards the initial phone position however user 2 also felt the same way about the new phone position. Looking at the results of the questionnaire, it can be seen that although the old workplace should simulate a situation where the mouse-area was too small vs the new workplace, user 1 agreed that the mouse was able to be moved comfortably for efficient completion of tasks while user 2 strongly disagreed with the comfort and efficiency of its placement. Again, it must be considered that this would be very subjective since the two users are different and have individually differing opinions of comfort considering that they also have varying physical requirements to be ergonomically correct. Due the change in user and differences in the simulated old set up, the opinions given by the users were not very reliable. To improve on this it would be ideal to do the usability lab with more accurate office equipment to re-create the old and new workplaces, and the user should not be switched for each design. OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 58 of 83

59 5.4. Usability testing results Usability testing of old & new workplaces Work surface is crowded; monitor is to the side of user, poor access to printer. Arm support unsuitable, back support unsuitable, elbows not bent at a 90 angle, no wrist support for keyboard & mouse use, head turned to the side to view monitor. Photo 1: Showing common overview of old workplace; Arm support unsuitable, elbows not bent at a 90 angle, no wrist support, wrists not in line with forearms, wrists deviated with keyboard use, phone positioned on wrong side for user. Photo 2: Showing right view work on desk of old workplace; Photo 3: Showing left view work on desk of old workplace; OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 59 of 83

60 Work surface is organised with sufficient space, monitor is in front of user so head is not turned to the side, and printer is arranged for easy reach. Suitable arm support, elbows bent at a ~90 angle, suitable back support, wrists supported with suitable wrist rests, phone positioned on correct side for user. Photo 4: Showing common overview of new workplace; Suitable arm support, elbows bent at a ~90 angle, wrists supported with suitable wrist rests, wrists in line with forearms Photo 5: Showing right view work on desk of new workplace; Photo 6: Showing left view work on desk of new workplace; OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 60 of 83

61 Analysis of user tasks at old workplace Analysis of user tasks at new workplace As shown in the graph above for the old WP, task 4 (green bar) & task 6 (blue bar) took the most amount of time to be completed and showed the most amount of events. This was mainly due to the change in layout of the UWI website hence causing the user to experience navigation errors and a general confusion when trying to perform these tasks. The remainder of tasks showed few point events and was done within a reasonable amount of time. The overall time to complete all tasks was about 1080 secs (18 mins). A couple programming errors arose within this graph. Task 7 (brown bar) should have been projected adjacently below task 6 and task 6 above task 7 in order to correlate with the staircase effect of the graph. Also, the point event entitled "other" (purple bar) was meant to be represented as a stroke like the rest of point events rather than a long bar. So the beginning and ending of each purple bar represents the point event for "other". As shown above for the new WP, task 4 (green bar) took the most amount of time to be completed and showed the most amount of events (error, confusion, negative mood). This was because the user entered the wrong address by mistake and took some time to realise his error. The remainder of tasks showed no point events with the exception of task 3 that showed one error and some confusion. The tasks were done within a reasonable time with the overall time being about 660 secs (11 mins). The same programming errors also occurred within this graph. Based on these 2 results, it can be concluded that the user tasks at the new WP was much more improved than the old WP in terms of the overall time to complete tasks and the amount of point events that occurred. OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 61 of 83

62 Limitations of Usability Lab Due to the components available for testing, we were not able to recreate neither the original workplace nor the revised one entirely. Components that were not accessible included a desk lamp, footrest, and an L shaped desk. Another limitation was that the mid-back ergonomic chair available was not entirely ergonomic. The armrests and seat were sloping downward. To compensate for the shape of desk we used a chair to reposition the printer for the new WP configuration. The orientation of the desk was not able to be adjusted and as a result, the monitor position with respect to the windows was not ideal. Two different users had to be used for each WP set up. If the original user was used twice, there would have automatically been a marked increase in speed and skill for the second WP due to repetition (learning curve). An issue encountered with recording the beginning of each task was that we were depending on the user to say when they were beginning a task. At times the response was delayed or forgotten so there is a small error in the length of the tasks recorded. UWI banner for staff was updated the day of the usability lab. UWI student banner had not changed. User 1 is a staff member while User 2 is a student. As result, User 1 was at a disadvantage and had difficulty nagivating the new system. This led to an increase in errors and completion time. From the screenshots from OBSERVER, we see that User 1 took 1055 seconds to complete all seven tasks, while User 2 completed all the tasks in a mere 655 seconds. Another factor to consider is the ability level of the different users. One may be better at computer skills than the other and therefore faster at completing certain tasks. Based on the questionnaire results, User 2 was much more satisfied with the revised WP than User 1 was with the original. Also, User 2 completed each task in a shorter time than User 1, with the exception of task 3 which took User 2 approximately 5 seconds longer than User 1. User 1 and 2 were very efficient in performing task one, which involved manipulating Microsoft Word. User 1 completed task 1 in 35 seconds and User 2 completed task 1 in 40 seconds. Task 2 involved using the phone while signing a document. User 1 had the phone placed poorly to her right (same side as writing hand) and was visibly awkward while attempting to sign and call simultaneously. User 1 took 25 seconds to complete the task. User 2 spent 15 seconds on task 2, however he neglected to sign the document. The users had to manipulate some figures using Microsoft Excel. Both User 1 and User 2 appeared to be confused at times and took 100 and 105 seconds respectively to complete the task. Next, they had to the edited Word and Excel documents. User 1 took a bit longer to complete task 4 due to the change in the UWI staff banner system (280 seconds), while User 2 took 230 seconds. He made a small error by typing in the incorrect address but eventually corrected himself. Task 5 involved finding a product on amazon. User 1 took 220 seconds to find the product. She did not use Google, but mistakenly used Yahoo to search for Amazon. User 2 did not have any issues and completed task 5 in 120 seconds. Task 6 involved finding a course on UWI student banner. User 1 took considerably longer than User 2 to find the course code. This was due to the change in UWI staff banner. User 1 eventually completed the task in 300 seconds after some confusion. User 2 completed after 110 seconds, however he did not use student banner as desired, he found the course code on myelearning. Task 7 was to retrieve a document from the printer. User 1 took 35 seconds as the printer was behind the monitor. User 2 completed the task in 25 seconds as the printer was to his side. OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 62 of 83

63 Usability Testing Results: Old Workplace (Screenshots) Task 1 Task 1: a) Open the Microsoft Word document titled "Usability Lab (word)" on desktop. b) Change the font to Times New Roman and the font size to 12. c) Change the words "To whom it may concern to bold and underline. d) Save the document. Task 2 Task 2: Use the phone to call while signing the given print out OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 63 of 83

64 Task 3 Task 3: a) Open the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet titled "Usability Lab (excel)" on desktop. b) Using excel "sum" formula, calculate the sum of B2 and C2. c) Place the answer in cell D2. d) Save the spreadsheet. User's Confusion navigating around excel with task 3 OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 64 of 83

65 User's completion of task 3 Task 4 Task 4: a) Sign in to your UWI . b) Create a new titled "Usability Lab". c) Attach the Microsoft Word document titled Usability Lab(word) and the spreadsheet titled "Usability Lab (excel)" from desktop. d) Send to a.seepersad@yahoo.com OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 65 of 83

66 User's face of confusion as she notices that UWI's website has changed (carrying out task 4) User completion of task 4 OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 66 of 83

67 Task 5 Task 5: a) Go onto Google and search for a document holder on Amazon.com b) Look for the brand titled Easel Document Holders 10x2x14 inches black and write the cost of the item (on the given print out) Task 6 Face of confusion attempting to navigate new UWI site during task 6 OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 67 of 83

68 Task 6: a) Log onto Banner Student. b) Access the profile for a course of your choice. c) Write the course code and title of the course (on the given print-out) Task 7 Task 7: Retrieve document from printer Usability Testing Results: New Workplace (Screenshots) OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 68 of 83

69 Task 1 Task 1: a) Open the Microsoft Word document titled "Usability Lab (word)" on desktop. b) Change the font to Times New Roman and the font size to 12. c) Change the words "To whom it may concern to bold and underline. d) Save the document. Task 2 **User did not sign print out (?) Task2: Use the phone to call while signing the given print-out OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 69 of 83

70 Task 3 Task 3: a) Open the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet titled "Usability Lab (excel)" on desktop. b) Using excel "sum" formula; calculate the sum of B2 and C2. c) Place the answer in cell D2. d) Save the spreadsheet. (User appears to be confused) OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 70 of 83

71 User face of confusion during task 3 Task 3 Error in sum Task 3 complete OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 71 of 83

72 Task 4 Task 4: a) Sign in to your UWI . b) Create a new titled "Usability Lab". c) Attach the Microsoft Word document titled Usability Lab(word) and the spreadsheet titled "Usability Lab (excel)" from desktop. d) Send to a.seepersad@yahoo.com User error in sending ; wrong address entered during task 4 OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 72 of 83

73 User finally realises error carrying out task 4 OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 73 of 83

74 Task 4 complete OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 74 of 83

75 Task 5 Task 5: a) Go onto Google and search for a document holder on Amazon.com b) Look for the brand titled Easel Document Holders 10x2x14 inches black and write the cost of the item (on given print-out) (- User removes print-out from document holder and writes the item cost) OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 75 of 83

76 Task 6 Task 6: a) Log onto Banner Student. b) Access the profile for a course of your choice. c) Write the course code and title of the course (on given print-out) (User was confused in attempting to use banner so proceeded to find course in myelearning) User writing course code; completion of task 6 OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 76 of 83

77 Task 7 Task 7: Retrieve document from printer OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 77 of 83

78 5.5. Implementation Picture position Photo initial workplace Photo redesigned workplace 1. Company plate with WS# and employee Mrs. Deborah Alleyne, Administrative Assistant. Work-station #5 Life Sciences Office, NSB. Floor 1. names 2. Common overview of WP with user Congested workplace; uncomfortable air humidity; phone positioned on wrong side for user; poor access to printer; workstation light too dim. Phone positioned on left side of user since user is right-handed; printer positioned on right side of user for easier access; desk lamp included for a brighter workplace. 3. Left view work on desk (KB use, chair back support, arms chair support, eye level regarding monitor top) Monitor not directly in front of user & head has to turn to the side which may be causative of user's neck pain; keyboard tray sits on top of user's lap & limits her to vary working posture (move, stretch, fidget). Monitor positioned directly in front of user by repositioning chair to face the corner of the desk; keyboard tray removed and keyboard placed on top of desk in front of monitor. OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 78 of 83

79 4. Right view work on desk (KB use, chair back support, arms chair support, eye level regarding monitor top) Above picture showing keyboard use: no wrist support for keyboard use, wrists deviated. Keyboard wrist rest is implemented which supports wrists. Above picture showing mouse use: no wrist support for mouse use, wrist not in line with forearm, wrist deviated with mouse use. Mosuepad with wrist rest is implemented which supports wrist. OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 79 of 83

80 5. User sitting on chair Poor arm support; elbows & knees not at a ~90 angle; back support does not accommodate natural curves of spine or encourage a comfortable posture which may attribute to her lower back problems. Chair replaced with better arm support; elbows & knees at a ~90 angle; back support suits natural curves of spine and encourages a more comfortable posture. 6. Other important picture, e.g. phone use, lighting, hand pain location Poor phone use; phone positioned on wrong side for user since user is right-handed; has to twist neck to hold phone between head & shoulder which may be causative of user's neck pain. Phone positioned on left side of user so can answer with the left hand & type with the right. User was also advised on substituting phone with a headset for extended phone use. OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 80 of 83

81 Foot rest (made up of 2 telephone directories) not large enough & not light enough to be moved easily; user's legs not stretched out enough & are not relaxed. Foot rest substituted with 2 larger & lighter boxes; user's legs are stretched out & relaxed. Monitor not free from glare & reflection; user's back is to the window with the blinds open. Window blinds are shut preventing light from window to fall on monitor and cause glare & reflection. OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 81 of 83

82 Documents are laid flat on desk & are far from monitor causing an awkward posture. A document holder was introduced next to the monitor for a more comfortable neck position. Limitations of Implementation Due to limited time, we were unable to organize and reposition all of the paperwork and reference materials on the user's desk to provide sufficient space and not make the workplace look congested. One of the user's initial complaints was the uncomfortable air humidity but we were unable to provide an air humidifier for the implementation. However, she was advised of the benefit of getting a humidifier or placing more plants in the workstation. Although the printer was positioned to the right side of the user for easier access, it was supposed to be placed further to the end of the desk or moved entirely and placed on top of a filing cabinet to create more space. We were unable to do this due to the limited time. We were unable to obtain a suitable desk lamp for the implementation so a standing lamp was used as substitute. We were unable to move and reposition the desk as shown in the sketch of the new workplace design. The CPU compartment under the desk was unable to be detached & repositioned for better leg space during the implementation. OPTM3041 VE Project 05-ve-pro-final.docx page 82 of 83