Section 24. Comparator

Transcription

1 Section 24. HIGHLIGHTS This section of the manual contains the following major topics: 24.1 Introduction Control Register Configuration Operation Reference Response Time Outputs Interrupts Operation uring SLEEP Effects of a RESET nalog Input Connection Considerations Initialization esign Tips Related pplication Notes Revision History Microchip Technology Inc. S39525-page 24-1

2 PIC18C Reference Manual 24.1 Introduction The comparator module contains two analog comparators. The inputs to the comparators are multiplexed with the I/O pins. The on-chip Voltage Reference (see the Voltage Reference section) can also be an input to the comparators. The CMCON register, shown in Register 24-1, controls the comparator input and output multiplexers. block diagram of the comparator is shown in Figure S39525-page Microchip Technology Inc.

3 Section Control Register The Control register (CMCON) is shown in Register Register 24-1: CMCON Register R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 C2OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0 bit 7 bit 0 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 C2OUT: 2 Output State bit This bit indicates the output state of comparator 2. 1 =C2 >C2VIN 0 =C2 <C2VIN : 1 Output State bit This bit indicates the output state of comparator 1. 1 =C1 >C1VIN 0 =C1 <C1VIN C2INV: 2 Inverted Output State bit 1 = Invert the state of C2 output 0 = State of C2 output is not inverted C1INV: 1 Inverted Output State bit 1 = Invert the state of C1 output 0 = State of C1 output is not inverted CIS: Input Switch bit This bit selects which analog inputs are used as the input to the comparator. When CM2:CM0: = 001: 1 =C1VIN connects to Nx 3 0 =C1VIN connects to Nx 0 When CM2:CM0 = 010: bit 2:0 1 = C1 VIN connects to Nx 3 C2 VIN connects to Nx 2 0 = C1 VIN connects to Nx 0 C2 VIN connects to Nx 1 CM2:CM0: Mode Select bits This bit selects the configuration of the two comparators with the comparator input pins and the Voltage Reference. See Figure 24-1 to select the CM2:CM0 state for the desired mode. The use of Nx 0 through Nx 3 indicates that there are four analog inputs used with the comparator module. The actual analog inputs connected to the comparator inputs will be device dependent. Legend R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0 - n = Value at POR reset 1 = bit is set 0 = bit is cleared x = bit is unknown Microchip Technology Inc. S39525-page 24-3

4 PIC18C Reference Manual 24.3 Configuration There are eight modes of operation for the comparators. The CMCON register is used to select the mode. Figure 24-1 shows the eight possible modes. The TRIS register controls the data direction of the comparator I/O pins for each mode. If the comparator mode is changed, the comparator output level may not be valid for the new mode for the delay specified in the electrical specifications of the device. Note: interrupts should be disabled during a comparator mode change, otherwise a false interrupt may occur. S39525-page Microchip Technology Inc.

5 Section 24. Figure 24-1: I/O Operating Modes CM2:CM0 = 000 s Reset (POR efault Value) CM2:CM0 = 111 s Off Nx 0 Nx 3 C1 Off (Read as '0') Nx 0 Nx 3 C1 Off (Read as '0') Nx 1 Nx 2 C2 Off (Read as '0') Nx 1 Nx 2 C2 Off (Read as '0') CM2:CM0 = 010 Two Independent s CM2:CM0 = 011 Three Inputs Multiplexed to Two s Nx 0 Nx 3 C1 Nx 0 Nx 3 C1 Nx 1 Nx 2 C2 C2OUT Nx 1 Nx 2 C2 C2OUT C2OUT CM2:CM0 = 100 Two Common Reference s CM2:CM0 = 101 Two Common Reference s with Outputs Nx 0 Nx 0 Nx 3 C1 Nx 3 C1 Nx 1 Nx 1 Nx 2 C2 C2OUT Nx 2 C2 C2OUT 24 C2OUT CM2:CM0 = 001 One Independent Nx 1 Nx 2 C1 Nx 0 Nx 3 C1 Off (Read as '0') CM2:CM0 = 110 Four Inputs Multiplexed to Two s Nx 0 Nx 3 Nx 1 Nx 2 CIS = 0 CIS = 1 CIS = 0 CIS = 1 C1 C2 C2OUT From VREF Module = nalog Input, port reads as zeros always. = igital Input. CIS (CMCON<3>) is the Input Switch Microchip Technology Inc. S39525-page 24-5

6 PIC18C Reference Manual 24.4 Operation single comparator is shown in Figure 24-2 along with the relationship between the analog input levels and the digital output. When the analog input at is less than the analog input VIN, the output of the comparator is a digital low level. When the analog input at is greater than the analog input VIN, the output of the comparator is a digital high level. The shaded areas of the output of the comparator (shown in Figure 24-2) represent the uncertainty due to input offsets and response time Reference n external or internal reference signal may be used depending on the comparator operating mode. The analog signal that is present at VIN is compared to the signal at, and the digital output of the comparator is adjusted accordingly (Figure 24-2). Figure 24-2: Single VIN + Output VIN Output S39525-page Microchip Technology Inc.

7 Section External Reference Signal Internal Reference Signal When external voltage references are used, the comparator module can be configured to have the comparators operate from the same or different reference sources. The reference signal must be between VSS and V, and can be applied to either pin of the comparator(s). The comparator module also allows the selection of an internally generated voltage reference for the comparators. The Voltage Reference section contains a detailed description of the Voltage Reference Module that provides this signal. The internal reference signal is used when the comparators are in mode CM2:CM0 = 110 (Figure 24-1). In this mode, the internal voltage reference is applied to the input of both comparators. The internal voltage reference may be used in any comparator mode. The voltage reference is output to the VREF pin. ny comparator input pin may be connected externally to the VREF pin Microchip Technology Inc. S39525-page 24-7

8 PIC18C Reference Manual 24.6 Response Time Response time is the minimum time, after selecting a new reference voltage or input source, before the comparator output is guaranteed to have a valid level. If the internal reference is changed, the maximum settling time of the internal voltage reference must be considered when using the comparator outputs. Otherwise the maximum response time of the comparators should be used Outputs The comparator outputs are read through the CMCON register. These bits are read only. The comparator outputs may also be directly output to the I/O pins. When CM2:CM0 = 011, multiplexors in the output path of the I/O pins will switch and the output of each pin will be the unsynchronized output of the comparator. The uncertainty of each of the comparators is related to the input offset voltage and the response time given in the specifications. Figure 24-3 shows the comparator output block diagram. The TRIS bits will still function as the output enable/disable for the I/O pins while in this mode. Note 1: When reading the Port register, all pins configured as analog inputs will read as a 0. Pins configured as digital inputs will convert an analog input according to the Schmitt Trigger input specification. 2: nalog levels on any pin that is defined as a digital input may cause the input buffer to consume more current than is specified. Figure 24-3: Output Block iagram Port Pins MULTIPLEX + - To I/O pin Bus ata Q R CMCON EN Set CMIF bit From Other Q EN CL R CMCON RESET S39525-page Microchip Technology Inc.

9 Section Interrupts The comparator interrupt flag is set whenever the comparators value changes relative to the last value loaded into CMxOUT bits. Software will need to maintain information about the status of the output bits, as read from CMCON<7:6>, to determine the actual change that has occurred. The CMIF bit is the comparator interrupt flag. The CMIF bit must be cleared. Since it is also possible to set this bit, a simulated interrupt may be initiated. The CMIE bit, the PEIE/GIEL bit, and the GIE/GIEH bit must be set to enable the interrupt. If any of these bits are clear, an interrupt from the comparator module will not occur, though the CMIF bit will still be set if an interrupt condition occurs. Table 24-1 shows the state of the comparator interrupt bits to enable an interrupt to vector to the interrupt vector address. If these conditions are not met, the comparator module will set the CMIF bit, but the program execution will not go to the interrupt vector address. The user, in the interrupt service routine, can clear the interrupt in the following manner: a) ny read or write of the CMCON register. This will load the CMCON register with the new valuewiththecmxoutbits. b) Clear the CMIF flag bit. n interrupt condition will continue to set the CMIF flag bit. Reading CMCON will end the interrupt condition, and allow the CMIF flag bit to be cleared. Table 24-1: How State of Interrupt Control Bits etermine ction fter Trip (CMIF is Set) GIE GIEH PEIE GIEL CMIE IPEN CMIP Comment CMIF set Branch to ISR x x 0 0 CMIF set x 0 x 0 CMIF set 0 x x 0 CMIF set x CMIF set Branch to ISR 1 x CMIF set Branch to ISR x x 0 1 x CMIF set x 0 x 1 0 CMIF set x 0 x 1 1 CMIF set 0 x x 1 1 CMIF set Operation uring SLEEP When a comparator is active and the device is placed in SLEEP mode, the comparator remains active and the interrupt is functional if enabled. This interrupt will wake-up the device from SLEEP mode when enabled. While the comparator is powered up, each comparator that is operational will consume additional current as shown in the comparator specifications. To minimize power consumption while in SLEEP mode, turn off the comparators (CM2:CM0 = 111), before entering SLEEP. If the device wakes up from SLEEP, the contents of the CMCON register are not affected Effects of a RESET device RESET forces the CMCON register to its reset state. This forces the comparator module to be in the comparator reset mode, CM2:CM0 = 000. This ensures that all potential inputs are analog inputs. evice current is minimized when analog inputs are present at RESET time. The comparators will be powered down disabled during the RESET interval Microchip Technology Inc. S39525-page 24-9

10 PIC18C Reference Manual nalog Input Connection Considerations Figure 24-4: nalog Input Model simplified circuit for an analog input is shown in Figure Since the analog pins are connected to a digital output, they have reverse biased diodes to V and VSS. The analog input therefore, must be between VSS and V. If the input voltage deviates from this range by more than 0.6V in either direction, one of the diodes is forward biased and a latch-up may occur. maximum source impedance of 10 kω is recommended for the analog sources. V RS VT =0.6V RC <10k VIN IN CPIN 5pF VT =0.6V ILEKGE ±500 n VSS Legend CPIN VT ILEKGE RIC RS V = Input Capacitance = Threshold Voltage = Leakage Current at the pin due to various junctions = Interconnect Resistance = Source Impedance = nalog Voltage Table 24-2: Registers ssociated with Module Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR Value on ll Other Resets CMCON C2OUT CIS CM2 CM1 CM VRCON VREN VROE VRR VR3 VR2 VR1 VR INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF x x PIR CMIF (1) 0 0 PIE CMIE (1) 0 0 IPE CMIP (1) 0 0 Legend: x =unknown,- = unimplemented locations read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used for Module. Note 1: The position of this bit is device dependent. S39525-page Microchip Technology Inc.

11 Section Initialization The code in Example 24-1 depicts example steps required to configure the comparator module. The Port registers (PORTx, LTx, and TRISx) need to be configured appropriately depending on the mode selected. For CM2:CM0 = 100, the I/O multiplied with Nx0, Nx1, and Nx2 needs to be configured for analog inputs. Other I/O may be digital. Example 24-1: Initializing Module FLG_REG EQU 0x020 ; CLRF FLG_REG ; Init flag register CLRF PORTx ; Init the desired port MOVF CMCON, W ; NLW 0xC0 ; Mask comparator bits IORWF FLG_REG,F ; Store bits in flag register MOVLW 0x04 ; Init comparator mode MOVWF CMCON ; CM<2:0> = 100 MOVLW PORTxIR ; Initialize data direction of the Nx0, Nx1, MOVWF TRISx ; and Nx2. Set as inputs, other I/O ; on port as desired (either inputs or outputs) CLL ELY10 ; 10us delay MOVF CMCON, F ; Read CMCON to end change condition BCF PIR1,CMIF ; Clear pending interrupts BSF PIE1,CMIE ; Enable comparator interrupts BSF INTCON,PEIE ; Enable peripheral interrupts BSF INTCON,GIE ; Global interrupt enable Microchip Technology Inc. S39525-page 24-11

12 PIC18C Reference Manual esign Tips Question 1: My program appears to lock up. nswer 1: You may be getting stuck in an infinite loop with the comparator interrupt service routine if you did not follow the proper sequence to clear the CMIF flag bit. First, you must read the CMCON register and then you can clear the CMIF flag bit. S39525-page Microchip Technology Inc.

13 Section Related pplication Notes This section lists application notes that are related to this section of the manual. These application notes may not be written specifically for the Enhanced MCU family (that is they may be written for the Base-Line, Mid-Range, or High-End families), but the concepts are pertinent, and could be used (with modification and possible limitations). The current application notes related to the comparator module are: Title pplication Note # Resistance and Capacitance Meter using a PIC16C622 N611 Note: Please visit the Microchip Web site for additional software code examples. These code examples are stand alone examples to assist in the understanding of the PIC18CXXX. The web address for these examples is: Microchip Technology Inc. S39525-page 24-13

14 PIC18C Reference Manual Revision History Revision This is the initial released revision of the module description. S39525-page Microchip Technology Inc.