IEC Overview. Grant Gilchrist. Principal Consultant, Smart Grid Engineering November 2009

Transcription

1 IEC Overview Grant Gilchrist Principal Consultant, Smart Grid Engineering November 2009

2 Traditional Power System Protocols Memory-mapped Register-based, like a filing cabinet. Anything could be in any given drawer Sometimes text-based, not binary Limited types: analogs, digitals, counters Simple get/set model Simplicity results in robustness Originally lacked direct support for file transfer, logging, reporting, security, and other attributes desirable in modern communication systems March 2004 Communications Fundamentals 2

3 IEC 61850: Model a Substation November 2009 IEC Overview 3

4 Field Protocol Evolution 100s of Proprietary Protocols MMS ISO EPRI UCA Architecture 1991 UCA2.0 IEEE TR Mfg. Auto. Protocol-MAP 1984 ICCP IEC IEC s of Proprietary Protocols IEC IEC TC Common Object Models and Security (Future) DNP3 Serial Links 1993 DNP3 Ethernet ~2000 November 2009 IEC Overview 4

5 So What s So Great About It? Features no other SCADA protocol has had before... Self-Description and Browsers Structured Data Device Models, not Data Points Capability for Access Security Fast Peer-to-Peer Communications November 2009 IEC Overview 5

6 Self-Description A device can tell its master what data it will report Master could automatically configure itself for the device! At the very least, provide a chooser of what data to map. Includes for each point: Data type Data structure Human-readable name November 2009 IEC Overview 6

7 What Self-Description Could Mean... A savings of 75% or more in configuration time Major reductions in configuration errors It now takes three weeks to configure a substation, before FAT! Plug and Play devices Data browsers that don t need to be configured Hours Power-Assisted IEC Traditional Protocol - Typical Traditional Protocol - Max Manual Object- Oriented November 2009 IEC Overview 7

8 Structured Data - Why We Need It Data concentrator devices currently lose information: The name of the source device The physical and electrical location The path taken to acquire the data Relationships between points (e.g. phases) Units of measurement Only the type of data is retained (e.g. analog) Must be added back in later as description Forces system engineer to keep it all in mind November 2009 IEC Overview 8

9 Device-Based Object Models V, PhsPhsV, A Rs Polyphase Electric Meter (MMTR) kwhr kvar Now we can standardize data names for common device functions, e.g.: Energy Meter Distance Relay Capacitor Bank Controller Transformer Tap Changer Vendors are permitted to Use only a subset Add superset value-added features Mix and match functions in a device Called Logical Nodes November 2009 IEC Overview 9

10 Access Security Defined by IEC standards Application layer certificate exchange Message authentication codes on GOOSE messages Use of Transport Layer Security Authentication Encryption November 2009 IEC Overview 10

11 Fast Peer-to-Peer Communication Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) Intended to replace relay-to-relay wiring Exchanges a group of bit pairs Assumes the message will not get through Retransmits immediately, exponential backoff Periodic retransmission November 2009 IEC Overview 11

12 Sampled Values on the LAN Takes decentralization one step further Separates sampling physically from Measurement Metering Calculation Synchronizing breaker closure over LAN More flexibility in measurement Any device may measure any circuit Smart CTs and PTs Estimates indicate it will require Gigabit Ethernet for large-scale deployment November 2009 IEC Overview 12

13 Substation Configuration Language Substation Configuration Language System Configuration Tool Substation GUI ` IED Vendor A Data Concentrator ` IED Config Tool Vendor A ` IED Config Tool Vendor B IED Vendor B Proprietary Configuration Files November 2009 IEC Overview 13

14 Most Commonly Used Profiles SMV Object Models IEC , 7-4 GOOSE Abstract Services IEC IEC Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Ethertype MMS/ACSE ISO Pres./ ASN.1 ISO Session RFC 1006 TCP IP Ethernet Physical November 2009 IEC Overview 14

15 Substation Automation after IEC To Legacy Masters To WAN Client/ Server Browser Laptop HMI Gateway/ Coordinator HMI with Power-Assisted Configuration Self-Configuring Web Server Firewall/ Router Interlocking/ Tripping Sampled Values Bay Controller CTs PTs CTs PTs Primary Equipment Monitors Bay Controller November 2009 IEC Overview 15 CTs PTs

16 Summary What s New? New hardware: independent VTs and PTs, integrated primary eqpt. New installation: automatic and power-assisted configuration New applications: LAN-based breaker synchronization, interlocking New interfaces: casual browser HMIs New flexibility: the device nearest the problem does the job New philosophy: integrated protection, telecontrol, asset mgmt. November 2009 IEC Overview 16